Министерство экономического развития и торговли
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
НИЖЕГОРОДСКИЙ КОММЕРЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ
O. M. Lysenko
Практикум
по грамматике
английского
языка
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Нижний Новгород 1997 |
УДК 802.2(07)
ББК 81.2 АНГЛ
Практикум по грамматике английского языка: Учебное пособие для студентов / Сост. доц. О.М. Лысенко. Н. Новгород: НКИ, 1997 г. 90 с.
Пособие ставит целью помочь студентам на практике овладеть видо-временными формами глагола в пассивном залоге одной из сложных тем английской грамматики. Пособие может быть использовано как для работы в аудитории, так и для самостоятельной работы студентов.
Рецензент: Т.А. Ненашева, канд. филол. наук, ст. преподаватель НГТУ
ББК 81.2 АНГЛ
© Нижегородский коммерческий институт, 2000.
© О.М. Лысенко, составление, 1997
Contents
The Present Simple (Indefinite) Passive 4
The Past Simple (Indefinite) Passive 15
The Future Simple (Indefinite) Passive 24
Progress Check 1 30
Get + past participle instead of be + past participle 32
It is said that.../He is said to ... 34
The Passive Infinitive 36
The Present Continuous Passive 41
The Past Continuous Passive 47
Progress Check 2 51
The Present Perfect Passive 53
The Past Perfect Passive 58
The Future Perfect Passive 64
Progress Check 3 66
Revision 67
Appendix 1. The verb ‘to show’ in all the tense -forms in the Passive Voice. 86
Appendix 2. Перевод на русский язык страдательных оборотов во всех временах. 87
Appendix 3. Перевод на английский язык русских оборотов, выражающих значение страдательного залога. 88
Appendix 4. Таблица неправильных глаголов. 90
The present simple(indefinite) passive
BE (AM, IS, ARE) + PAST PARTICIPLE
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Letters |
are |
written |
by us |
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Letters |
are not |
written |
by us |
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Letters |
are |
written |
by us, |
aren’t they ? |
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What |
is |
written |
by us? |
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Are |
letters |
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written |
by us? |
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Whom |
are |
letters |
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written |
by? |
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Exercise 1. Say which of the following verbs are transitive and put an object after each transitive verb.
to catch, to go, to take, to lie, to discuss, to stop, to swim, to pay, to interrupt, to show, to look, to live, to spend, to die, to write, to listen to, to fly, to meet, to leave, to change, to recognise, to tell, to put, to skate, to build, to use, to examine, to come.
Exercise 2. Say which of the following sentences can be changed into Passive.
1. My shoes don’t fit me. 2. Mr Robinson always dictates letters to his secretary in the morning. 3. The boy resembles his father. 4. Nobody tells us anything. 5. The teacher corrects our tests at home. 6. You have a nice apartment. 7. Your brother lacks tact. 8. One uses chalk for writing on the blackboard. 9. The auditorium holds 5 000 people. 10. They often invite me to their parties. 11. This hat suits you. 12. People always admire this picture. 13. I want a sweater - size 16. 14. They pay him a lot of money for his work. 15. Ray always expresses himself clearly. 16. John said that everything was all right.
Exercise 3. Read the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of the Present Simple Passive. Translate the sentences into Russian.
Model: Houses are built very quickly now.
Дома строятся теперь очень быстро.
Дома строят теперь очень быстро.
1. Concerts of pop music are attended by a lot of people. 2. The post is delivered every morning. 3. What foreign languages are you taught at the Institute? 4. The child is never left alone. 5. This opinion is not shared by most of my colleagues. 6. Complaints are sent to the head office. 7. Two hundred people are employed by the company. 8. This room is used only on special occasions. 9. Is this hall cleaned every day? 10. Smoking is not allowed here. 11. How is this word pronounced? 12. Wine is produced in many parts of France. 13. When is breakfast served here? 14. Trucks are not produced at this plant. 15. The office is locked every evening. 16. The information is kept on our computer.
Exercise 4. Agree to the following statements and extend them. Use the Present Simple Passive.
Model: - They say they deliver mail in the morning.
- Yes, mail is delivered from 6 to 9 a.m.
1. I know they invite him to take part in the discussion. (at the coming session) 2. They teach Spanish at this school. (and French) 3. He says they hold meetings in the hall on the second floor. (and conferences) 4. I know they export machine-tools to China. (and Korea) 5. You say they sell books in foreign languages in this bookshop. (and magazines) 6. They say they keep food in the refrigerator. (and drinks) 7. They often sent him on business to Moscow. (and St.Petersburg) 8. It seems they grow tomatoes in the greenhouse. (and cucumbers) 9. They restore the old houses in our town. (and two churches) 10. They produce lorries at this factory. (and tractors) 11. They keep the documents in the safe. (and the money) 12. They build many schools in our city every year. (and offices) 13. I know many people visit this museum every year. (and the gallery) 14. The library receives many books. (and magazines) 15. They recommend these articles for your work. (and journals) 16. They import tea from India. (and coffee)
Exercise 5. Contradict the questions below by giving correct information. Use the prompts given.
Model: - Bread is sold in this shop, isn’t it?
- Oh, no. Bread is not sold here. It is sold at the baker’s.
1. The hall is cleaned on Saturdays, isn’t it? (Friday) 2. The documents are kept in the file, aren’t they? (in the safe) 3. He is paid $40 a week, isn’t he? ($60) 4. They are taught management here, aren’t they? (marketing) 5. He is offered a good job at the college, isn’t he? (at a firm) 6. This journal is published in Moscow, isn’t it? (in London) 7. The documents are signed by Mr Smith, aren’t they? (Mr Rock) 8. The supermarket is closed at 8, isn’t it? (at 10) 9. It is allowed to smoke here, isn’t it? (in the smoking-room) 10. Dinner is served here at 12, isn’t it? (from 1 to 3) 11. The computers in our office are repaired by Jack, aren’t they? (Robert) 12. The letters are typed by the boss, aren’t they? (his secretary) 13. We are paid twice a month, aren’t we? (once a month) 14. Letters are delivered by a policeman, aren’t they? (by a postman) 15. English is spoken in Germany, isn’t it? (in England) 16. Meetings are usually held in Hall 2, aren’t they? (Hall 1)
Exercise 6. Ask for more details about the information of each sentence below.
Model: - His book is translated into many foreign languages. (into Russian)
- Really? Is it translated into Russian?
1. American films are often shown here. (French films) 2. Mr Smith is often sent to London on business. (Mr White) 3. Taperecorders are repaired in this shop. (TV-sets) 4. Mike is also invited to the meeting. (Peter) 5. We are allowed to use this laboratory. (you) 6. The participants of the conference are registered in the hall. (the guests) 7. Footwear is sold in this shop. (clothes) 8. This machine is designed in our office. (that device) 9. Jack is offered a job in a small firm. (Bill) 10. Our tickets are booked by the secretary. (our accommodation) 11. Rice is grown here. (wheat) 12. We are given a lot of work to do. (you) 13. Bananas are exported to the USA. (apples) 14. The staff is not permitted to accept tips. (presents) 15. Millions of cars are exported from Japan every year. (computers) 16. Such mistakes are made by bad students. (good students)
Exercise 7. Make the following sentences a) negative and b) interrogative.
Model: Tickets are sold in Hall 3.
a) Tickets are not sold in Hall 3.
b) Are tickets sold in Hall 3?
1. The president of the U.S. is elected every four years. 2. Only English is spoken in this country. 3. Newspapers are bought every morning. 4. The City is visited by a lot of foreign tourists. 5. A course in management is taught in the third year. 6. The financial and business part of London is called the City. 7. This chair is very well made. 8. Progress is made every day in the world of science. 9. University graduates are offered a wide choice of jobs. 10. Students are praised when they work hard. 11. Washington is called the father of his country. 12. The flower-beds are watered twice a week. 13. Their children are always dressed very well. 14. Bread is eaten every day. 15. Flowers are sold in shops and in the streets. 16. The streets are cleaned every day. 17. A compass is used for showing direction. 18. Many American programmes are shown on British television. 19. Paper is made from wood. 20. Football is played in most countries of the world.
Exercise 8. Ask special questions. Begin with the given interrogative word.
Model: - Breakfast is served early here. (when)
- When is breakfast served here?
1. They are taught two foreign languages. (what foreign languages) 2. This journal is not published in Moscow. (where) 3. She is seldom invited to parties. (how often) 4. Mr Brown is highly paid. (how much) 5. Important problems are discussed at out meetings. (where) 6. This work is not done by Mr Green. (by whom) 7. The library is closed late. (when) 8. He is often sent abroad. (who) 9. Coffee is usually served in the morning. (what) 10. Such books are sold in special shops. (in what shops) 11. Hot meals are served in the restaurant till 10 p.m. (till what time) 12. Trucks and tractors are produced at this plant. (what) 13. Each piece of equipment is tested twice. (how many times) 14. The mail is usually brought at 9 a.m. (when) 15. Whitehall is located in the west of the City. (what) 16. Lunch is served in the cafeteria from 11.00 to 2.30. (where) 17. Such books are always read with interest. (how) 18. Millions of trees are destroyed by pollution every year. (How many) 19. Every time I travel by plane, my flight is delayed. (whose) 20. Good marks are usually not received easily. (what)
Exercise 9. Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple Passive.
1. Steel sinks when it (put) into water. 2. Accidents often (cause) by carelessness. 3. Bread (sell) at the baker’s. 4. The machines (inspect) every day. 5. Flowers die when they (not to water). 6. Where bananas (sell)? 7. Lost time never (find) again. 8. When examinations (hold)? They (hold) at the end of every term. 9. You (allow) to use this laboratory? 10. This museum (close) in summer. 11. We (give) a lot of advice by our parents. 12. All the contracts (sign) by the president of the company. 13. Who (invite) to their parties? 14. All the documents in the office (keep) in perfect order. 15. These textbooks (use) in all schools? No. 16. Drinks (not to serve) here after midnight. 17. Where the journals (keep)? In the safe. 18. How often these problems (discuss)? 19. Mr Smith often (invite) to give lectures on English history. 20. Many social customs (connect) with the celebration of Christmas in Great Britain.
Exercise 10. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple Passive.
A. There is a chimpanzee which (call) “Bubbles”. It (own) by Michael Johnson. It (keep) in his home. It (feed) every day by Michael Johnson himself. It always (dress) in funny clothes. It (say) that “Bubbles” is Michael Johnson’s only friend.
B. The Selection Process.
First the post (advertise) in the local or national press. When the applications arrive they (sort out) and unsuitable applications (discard). Next the candidates (interview) and (shortlist). Then samples of the best candidates’ handwriting (send) to a graphologist where they (analyse). After that, the successful candidates (interview) again, and finally the selection (make).
Exercise 11. A person who works in the Personnel Department is explaining how they select candidates in her company.
“If there’s a vacancy, I usually advertise it in-house first of all, and if I don’t find any suitable candidates, then we advertise the job in the papers. We ask applicants to send in their CVs, and we invite some of the candidates to an interview. After that we draw up a shortlist and ask some of the applicants back for a second interview. We choose the best candidates, and then I check his or her references, and if everything’s OK, we offer the applicant the job.”
Complete the sentences below to give a general description of the recruitment process. Use the passive in your answer.
1. The vacancy ... is advertised in-house.
2. If there’s a suitable in-house candidate...
3. The vacancy...
4. Applicants...
5. Some candidates...
6. A shortlist...
7. Selected candidates...
8. The best candidate...
9. The references...
10. The successful candidate...
Exercise 12. Rewrite the following sentences in the Passive Voice.
1. They type the letters in the other office. 2. People often take him for his brother. 3. A railway line connects our village with the town. 4. The director signs all financial documents. 5. Our laboratory uses this method. 6. Children often ask such questions. 7. We use these clothes only on special occasions. 8. They build a lot of new houses in the district every year. 9. One uses milk for making butter. 10. We turn on the light when it’s dark. 11. The secretary always brings Mr Palmer a cup of coffee at 9 o’clock. 12. They play football out-of-doors. 13. Cats eat mice. 14. People invent new ways of cooking vegetables every day. 15. A Japanese firm makes these television sets. 16. People steal things from supermarkets every day.
Exercise 13. Give sentences with two passive constructions. Translate them into Russian.
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