Shevtsova_second_year

Ex. 13. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian.

to charge; charge (2); to comfort; comfort; comfortable; to depart (2); departure; flat (2); occasion (2); occasional (2); occasionally; separate; uncomfortable (2).

1. The hotel gave excellent service at perfectly reasonable ... . 2. All his attempts to learn the truth seemed to fall ... . 3. After the accident the car looked a poor sight and he wondered how much they would be ... him for repairs. 4. He had paid the matter little attention, never giving it more than an ... thought. 5. It was a small station where the trains arrived at and ... from the same platform. 6. I didn't see what was so funny about it. To my mind it was no ... for laughter. 7. He was not to be allowed to ... from the point at any price, for once started there would be no stopping him. 8. It was a dull sort of play, and the ... jokes thrown in did little to liven it up. 9. An ... night on board the plane made her fussy and ill-tempered. 10. We would meet ... to discuss some burning problem of the day. 11. The girl was so upset over her failure that there was no ... her. 12. The day of her friend's ... was nearing, and it made her sad. 13. The shoes, though pretty, were far from ... . 14. Modern trains combine speed and ... . 15. On the several ...

I happened to meet him, he had always made a very good impression on me. 16. Something had definitely gone wrong. Her usually cheerful voice now sounded

... and lifeless. 17. He knew he was alone, yet he had the ... feeling of being watched. 18. He had been in ... of the department for years and had never, until now, given reason for dissatisfaction. 19. The sick boy was to be placed in a room ... from the rest of the children.

Ex. 14. Paraphrase the following, using words and word combinations from the text, and making all necessary changes.

to fall flat; flat; in spite of; on the occasion of; for all occasions; occasional; occasionally; to get over (2); to charge (2); in charge of; comfortable; can't have smb do(ing) smth; to depart

1. He would always remember the champagne party that had been arranged to mark his fiftieth birthday. 2. All his efforts to succeed seemed to be wasted. 3. Though he had received his warning, he went on as before, as if looking for trouble on purpose. 4. He was head of the expedition and quite prepared to take whatever action was necessary. 5. On the whole the weather was all we could wish for, warm and sunny, with a bit of rain now and then. 6. The dress in the shopwindow caught her attention at once. Yes, it was just what she needed, something that would do both for everyday and formal wear. 7. Letting him change his mind was something we couldn't allow. He was to be made to stick to his promise at any price. 8. The letters she got from time to time kept her well-informed as to how things were going in her native town. 9.

It took her several weeks to recover fully from her illness. 10. He was set the task of making a careful study of the problem and reporting on the results. 11. The food seemed tasteless. 12. He wondered if he wasn't running a temperature. 13. It was a different kind of life, easy and free from all worries. 14. It's difficult to follow him, he never keeps to the subject. 15. His failure in the exam was a hard blow to him. It would take time getting used to. 16. The prices for the garage services seemed to be quite reasonable.

Ex. 15. Speak on the following topics, using the words and phrases given below.

1. In the Train

An American lady; two other passengers; a fast train; a sleeping car; a compartment; a porter; to pull up (down) the window-blind; to make oneself comfortable; to have the seats made into beds for the night; to get off the train; to walk a little way along the platform; to stay near the steps of the car; for fear of; to be left behind; to leave with no signal of departure; to be afraid of the speed (a wreck).

2. From Palermo to Paris

to take a train; to travel first (second, etc) class; to speed across the country; to cover many miles; in the south; to see the sea occasionally; far below against the rocks; further north; to change (of the city); flat fields of grapes; greystone hills; on the way; to stop at Marseilles, Avignon; to slow down; to follow one track through many others; to pull into (out of) the station; to cross a river; to pass through many outside of Paris towns; big advertisements on the walls toward the train; to near Paris.

5. Arrival In Paris

to come into Paris; to arrive safely; to have a comfortable journey; to have no complaints about the service; to get down the bags; to hand the bags to the porter; to pile the luggage on a truck; to go out on to the platform; to say goodbye to one's fellow-passengers; to give up one's ticket to the man at the gate.

4. The American Lady

to look very wholesome, middle-aged and American; respectable; middleclass; narrow-minded; to be used to having one's own way; to push one's ideas on smb; to stick to one's ideas; to be dissatisfied with smb's choice; to be firm with smb; to leave nothing to chance; not to recognize smb's right to happiness; to ruin smb's life; to set the date of departure; to take smb away; to try to comfort smb; to buy a canary as a present.

Ex. 19. Paraphrase the parts in bold type using gerundial phrases, mind the prepositions.

1. That she is so fussy is not a little unpleasant. 2. What surprised everybody was that he was able to do it. 3. The doctor insists that she should put off the trip. 4. We don't mind if we go there by train. 5. He suspected that I knew the truth. 6. There is no doubt that he is intelligent. 7. He suggests that we should watch the football match oh TV instead of going to the stadium.

Ex. 20. Make one sentence out of the following pairs of sentences by using gerundial phrases. The part in bold type is to become the predicate.

1. He is clever. There is no doubt about it. 2. Why waste time on such things? There is no sense in that. 3. He solves cross-word puzzles very well. He is good at it. 4. He likes to talk music. He gets pleasure out of it. 5. The child usually drinks milk before going to bed. He'ls used to it. 6. He has an annoying habit. He mispronounces names. 7. You were running a risk. You might have caught cold. 8. You can't tfeat him like a child. It's no use.

Ex. 21. Make up sentences using gerundial phrases according to the model.

M o d e l: (a) to be tired of (b) to argue

* A possessive pronoun or a noun in the possessive case before {he gerund denotes the doer of the action expressed by the gerund. Compare:

(a)I insist on writing to him myself.

(b)1 insist on your writing to him.

9. Before she rose from table she made me a sign to follow her. 10. When she left school, she got a job at the post-office.

B. An Adverbial Modifier of Manner or Attending Circmnstcnces

Ex. 24. Answer the following questions using gerundial phrases according to the model.

M о d e 1 : (a) How did he manage to calm her? (to promise to return soon). He managed to calm her by promising to return soon.

(b) How did they listen to her? (not to interrupt) They listened to her without interrupting.

1. How did you learn to speak the language so well? (to speak) 2. How did the committee accept the terms? (not to argue) 3. How did the teacher find the way to the child's heart? (to treat kindly) 4. How did he leave? (not to say goodbye) 5. How did she learn to play the piano so well? (to practise a lot) 6. How did he tell you about the accident? (not to go into details) 7. How did they manage to get such excellent results? (to use a new method) 8. How did the delegate manage to get there in time? (to take a plane)

Ex. 25. Supply the missing prepositions to suit the syntactic junction of the

gerund.

1. I stopped, ... opening the door. 2. This time he felt no surprise ... meeting

his friend. 3. ... washing up she settled down in a comfortable armchair before

TV. 4. As the visitor looked through the open doorway, ... passing, he stopped

short. 5. What did she mean ... being busy? 6. He tore the note into pieces ...

reading it. 7. The Gadfly couldn't run the risk ... being seen. 8. I insist ...

remaining here. 9. Outside it kept ... raining. 10. The child nodded his head ...

replying. 11.1 kept her ... falling down. 12. He went ... saying the things that

meant nothing at all, but which were, somehow, better than silence. 13. ...

washing up she broke a cup.

Ex. 26. Translate the following sentences using the gerund in the function of an adverbial modifier.

1. Он включил меня в список экскурсантов без лишних разговоров. 2. Она уговорила меня ехать, сказав, что она присоединится ко мне через неделю. 3. Тем, что ты будешь надоедать ему, ты только рассердишь его еще больше. 4. Она уладила этот вопрос, не поднимая лишнего шума. 5. Проснувшись, я не сразу понял, где нахожусь. 6. Проходя мимо их дома, он решил зайти. 7. После окончания школы она стала работать секретарем. 8. Не вдаваясь в подробности, он сразу перешел к существу дела. 9. Упаковывая вещи, он вдруг вспомнил, что совершенно машинально (не

думая) вместе с документами упаковал и билет. 10. Мы чувствовали себя бодро, несмотря на то, что были очень голодные. 11. Перед тем как лечь спать, он решил написать письмо домой.

II. The Forms of the Gerund

Ex. 27. Study the forms of the gerund.

Ex. 28. Use the correct form of the gerund.

1. I think I'll have a chance of (to introduce) you to my friends. 2. I've just had the pleasure of (to introduce) to your sister. 3. Everybody was surprised at her (to leave) so soon. 4. I am tired of (to treat) like a child. 5. You've changed so much that he might be excused for not (to recognize) you. 6. She had to leave the house without (to see) by anybody. 7. I remember (to be) on friendly terms with him. 8. This matter wants (to clear up). 9. She was dancing wonderfully. I couldn't help (to impress). 10. Boys always enjoy (to swim). 11. The children were annoyed at (to tell) to leave. 12. She looked disappointed. We suspected him of (to tell) her the sad news.

Ex. 29. Translate the following sentences using gerundial phrases.

1. Прежде чем заполнять анкету, ознакомьтесь с ней. 2. Я помню, как а) я был огорчен его неудачей; б) он был огорчен моей неудачей. 3. Вы не возражаете, если я присоединюсь к вашей компании? 4. Перестань надоедать ей глупыми вопросами. 5. Мы сократили путь, переплыв' реку. 6. Увидев вдали автобус, я бросился бежать к остановке. 7. Прежде чем давать окончательный ответ, хорошенько подумай. 8. Товарищи внимательно слушали и не прерывали ее. 9. Овод рисковал быть узнанным. 10. Он разорвал письмо, не читая его. 11. Он хорошо разгадывает

*After the verbs to need, to want, to require and the adjective worth the gerund is used in the active form though it is passive in meaning.

**The non-perfect form of the gerund is often used in place of the perfect form, e. g. I remember seeing the film. Your refusing to help them was a shock to everybody. He mentioned speaking to them on the subject.

***The perfect form of the gerund, passive voice, is practically not used.

мне зададут этот вопрос. 4. Я боюсь сидеть на сквозняке. 5. Я помню, что ему предлагали эту работу. 6. Я забыл предложить ему чашку чая. 7. Он не забыл навести справки об условиях приема в институт. 8. Она заявила, что уже включила его в список. 9. Они остановились, чтобы перекусить. 10. Они перестали спорить. Они поняли, что это потеря времени. 11. Не желая ссориться с ним, она переменила тему разговора. 12. Они могли спорить, не ссорясь. 13. Ножницы используются для стрижки волос, разрезания бумаги, ткани и т.п. 14. Я воспользовалась ножом, чтобы разрезать книгу.

Ex. 33. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of a verbal (gerund, participle or infinitive).

Dora got into the train. It was now very full indeed and people were sitting four a side. Before ... (to sit down) she inspected herself quickly in the mirror. She looked good in spite of ... (not to sleep). She turned towards her seat. A large elderly lady moved a little ... (to make room). (It was a devilish hot day). She thought that she was lucky ... (to have a seat) and with a certain satisfaction watched the corridor ... (to fill) with people who had no seats.

Another elderly lady, ... (to make one's way) through the crowd reached the door of Dora's carriage and addressed her neighbour. "Ah, there you are, dear, I thought you were nearer the front." They looked at each other rather sadly. The

... (to stand) lady had her feet ... (to catch) in the luggage. They began a conversation about how they had never seen the train so full.

Dora stopped ... (to listen), ... (to strike) by a terrible thought. She ought to give up her seat. She refused to believe the thought but it came back. There was no doubt about it. The elderly lady who was standing looked very weak indeed, and it was only proper that Dora, who was young and healthy, should give her seat to the lady who could then sit next to her friend. Dora felt the blood ... (to rush) to her face. She sat still ... (to think over) the matter. There was no point in

... (to be hasty). It was possible of course that while clearly ... (to understand) that she ought to give up her seat she might nevertheless simply not do so out of pure selfishness. On the other side of the ... (to stand) lady a man was sitting. He was reading his newspaper and didn't seem ... (to think) about his duty. There was another aspect to the matter. She had taken the trouble of ... (to arrive) early, and surely ought ... (to reward) for this. Though perhaps the two ladies had arrived as early as they could? There was no ... (to know). But in any case there was an elementary justice in the first comers ... (to have) their seats. She thought of her state of mind as neurotic. She decided not to give up her seat.

She got up and said to the lady "Do sit down here, please. I'm not going far, and I'd much rather ... (to stand)."

"How very kind of you!" said the lady. "Now I can sit next to my friend. I have a seat of my own further down, you know. Perhaps we can just exchange seats? Do let me ... (to help) you to move your luggage." The train began ... (to move).

On ... (to reach) the other carriage Dora at once saw an empty corner seat by the window. The elderly lady departed and Dora settled down.

(after "The Bell" by Iris Murdoch)

Ex. 34. Test Translation.

1. По случаю окончания института мы организовали вечер. 2. Я мало знаю его. Мы встречаемся от случая к случаю, и разговор у нас обычно бывает только об учебе. 3. На мой взгляд это был не повод для шуток. 4. После большого и шумного города жизнь в деревне показалась им скучной и однообразной. 5. Если у вас плоскостопие, то вам лучше бы сделать туфли на заказ. 6. Невзирая на все доводы, он наотрез отказался принять наши условия. 7. Чем был вызван его поспешный отъезд? — Трудно сказать. 8. Еще до сих пор не назначен день отъезда. А ведь нам надо подумать о билетах. 9. Несмотря на то, что результаты работы были хорошими по сравнению с прошлогодними, главный инженер сказал, что надо добиться того, чтобы они были еще лучше. 10. Вам стоит починить холодильник. Он вполне еще может послужить. Ремонт обойдется недорого. 11. Из него определенно вышел бы хороший спортсмен, если бы он больше тренировался. 12. Я чувствую себя неловко в этом пальто. Оно мне велико. Мне надо было бы купить другое, на размер меньше. 13. Книги были единственным утешением для него во время болезни. 14. Этим вопросом следует заняться отдельно. Он требует изучения. 15. Они знали, что все трудности уже были позади, и это была очень утешительная мысль. 16. Ему, вероятно, потребуется немало времени, чтобы придти в себя после такого потрясения. 17. Просят, чтобы выступающие не отклонялись от темы, а говорили по существу. 18. Цена за товар не включает упаковку. Плата за упаковку взимается отдельно.

SPEECH EXERCISES

Ex. 35. Retell in narrative form.

I went to Grand Central Station to see off my uncle's family. There the train came in a little before twelve. I helped my uncle take the things into the compartment. It seemed as if only a few minutes had passed, but it was time for me to get off the train. I kissed my little cousins good-bye and gave them each a box of chocolates. "I'll miss you, Frankie," Irene, the older one, said. "I'll miss you too," I said. I turned to my uncle and held out my hand. We shook. "Goodbye, uncle. Good luck."

He smiled. "So long, Frankie. Be a good boy. It won't be long before we are back again."

My aunt was next. She put her arms around me and kissed me. She was