Contemporary Endocrinology
Series Editor: Leonid Poretsky
Pak H. Chung
Zev Rosenwaks Editors
Problem-Focused
Reproductive
Endocrinology and
Infertility
Contemporary Endocrinology
Series Editor
Leonid Poretsky, Division of Endocrinology
Lenox Hill Hospital
New York, NY, USA
Contemporary Endocrinology offers an array of titles covering clinical as well as bench research topics of interest to practicing endocrinologists and researchers. Topics include obesity management, androgen excess disorders, stem cells in endocrinology, evidence-based endocrinology, diabetes, genomics and endocrinology, as well as others. Series Editor Leonid Poretsky, MD, is Chief of the Division of Endocrinology and Associate Chairman for Research at Lenox Hill Hospital, and Professor of Medicine at Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine.
Pak H. Chung • Zev Rosenwaks
Editors
Problem-Focused
Reproductive Endocrinology
and Infertility
Editors |
|
Pak H. Chung |
Zev Rosenwaks |
Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen |
Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen |
Center for Reproductive Medicine |
Center for Reproductive Medicine |
Weill Medical College of Cornell University |
Weill Medical College of Cornell University |
New York, NY, USA |
New York, NY, USA |
ISSN 2523-3785\ ISSN 2523-3793 (electronic) Contemporary Endocrinology
ISBN 978-3-031-19442-9 ISBN 978-3-031-19443-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19443-6
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microflms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
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The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affliations.
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Series Editor Foreword
Truly amazing advances occur in reproductive medicine with immense speed. It is therefore becoming extremely important to provide factual up-to-date information on reproductive issues to health professionals both for their daily work and for their efforts in educating the general public.
In this regard, the volume edited by Drs. Pak Chung and Zev Rosenwaks presents an invaluable tool. Written by a stellar interdisciplinary faculty crew associated with a world-renowned Center for Reproductive Medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College, this text covers completely and succinctly the entire feld of reproductive medicine.
The case-based approach chosen by the authors and editors makes the book particularly useful for clinicians as well as students of reproductive medicine at all levels of training. Publication of this comprehensive volume, excellent in both content and form, could not be more timely. Congratulations are in order to the editors and all authors for their impressive accomplishment.
Leonid Poretsky Division of Endocrinology Gerald J. Friedman Diabetes Institute
The Gerald J. Friedman Transgender Program for Health and Wellness Department of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital New York, NY, USA
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine and Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Manhasset, NY, USA
v
Preface
We are eminently pleased and excited to present this handbook, titled Problem- Focused Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. It is our hope that this foundational contribution will become a useful resource for students, residents, fellows, reproductive endocrinologists, and other medical professionals who provide care for infertility and reproductive disorders. This comprehensive compendium is one of a series of more than 80 titles published by Springer, Contemporary Endocrinology, that address a variety of clinical and research topics in endocrinology.
This book offers two special features. First, all the authors are faculty members in the Departments of Reproductive Medicine, Urology, and Internal Medicine at Weill-Cornell Medicine. Second, the titles of the chapters are problemor focus- based. Each is either a chief complaint or a problem encountered in clinical practice. Every chapter is launched with an authentic case presentation followed by an in- depth discussion of the topic. The authors strive to provide the physiological and pathophysiological basis for each clinical problem along with the available evidence-based contemporary therapy.
The collective contributions of our Weill Cornell colleagues not only represent a distillation of many years of clinical experience but also provide a glimpse into their individual and often unique clinical approaches. We anticipate that our readers will fnd the material useful and impactful in their clinical practice.
Our special thanks to all the contributors who made this project possible.
New York, NY, USA\ |
Pak H. Chung |
New York, NY, USA \ |
Zev Rosenwaks |
vii
Contents
\1\ Ambiguous Genitalia \ 1
Meridith Pollie and Samantha M. Pfeifer
\2\ Precocious Puberty\ 11
Nigel Pereira
3\\ Delayed Puberty \ 19
Nigel Pereira
\4\ Primary Amenorrhea\ 25
Alexis Melnick
5\\ Secondary Amenorrhea\ 33
Pietro Bortoletto and David Reichman
\6\ Mullerian Anomaly\ 39
Samantha M. Pfeifer
7\\ Dysmenorrhea\ 47
Hey-Joo Kang
\8\ Abnormal Uterine Bleeding\ 53
Ashley Aluko and Joshua Stewart
9\\ Hirsutism\ 57
Nina Vyas and Joshua Stewart
\10\ Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)\ 63
Isaac Kligman
11\\ Hyperprolactinemia\ 71
Allison Petrini and Pak H. Chung
\12\ Thyroid and Reproduction\ 77
Melissa D. Katz
ix
x |
Contents |
13\\ Infertility Evaluation \ 87
Owen Davis
14\\ Hypothalamic Hypogonadism\ 93
David Reichman
\15\ Endometriosis and Infertility\ 99
Glenn Schattman
16\\ Uterine Fibroids \ 103
Rony Elias
\17\ Ovarian Cysts \ 109
Hey-Joo Kang
18\\ Decreased Ovarian Reserve\ 115
Isaac Kligman
\19\ Primary Ovarian Insufficiency\ 121
Rony Elias
20\\ Tubal Factor \ 127
Kolbe Hancock and Pak H. Chung
\21\ Endometrial Factor\ 133
Ashley Aluko and Joshua Stewart
22\\ Recurrent Pregnancy Loss\ 141
Steven Spandorfer
\23\ Evaluation of Male Infertility \ 147
Caroline Kang and James Kashanian
24\\ Erectile Dysfunction\ 155
Caroline Kang and James Kashanian
\25\ Varicocele\ 163
Nahid Punjani and Marc Goldstein
26\\ Azoospermia \ 175
Nahid Punjani and Peter Schlegel
\27\ Advanced Sperm Function Testing\ 187
Stephanie Cheung, Alessandra Parrella, Philip Xie, Derek Keating,
Owen Davis, Zev Rosenwaks, and Gianpiero D. Palermo
28\\ Psychological Factors and Fertility Counseling\ 199
Elizabeth Grill
\29\ Intrauterine Insemination\ 207
Phillip Romanski, Pietro Bortoletto, and Pak H. Chung
Contents |
xi |
\30\ Assisted Reproductive Technology \ 213
Nigel Pereira and Zev Rosenwaks
\31\ Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) \ 223
Alexis Melnick and Zev Rosenwaks
32\\ Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing\ 231
Glenn Schattman
\33\ Planned Fertility Preservation\ 237
Nina Vyas and Dan Goldschlag
34\\ Fertility Preservation: Medical\ 241
Dan Goldschlag
35\\ Menopause\ 245
Alexis Melnick
Index\ 253