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WHO/FCH/CAH/00.4 UNICEF/PD/NUT/(J)00-3 UNAIDS/99.57E
Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ: Ɉɛɳɟɟ Ɉɪɢɝɢɧɚɥ: Ⱥɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ
Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ:
ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ
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ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɚɹ |
Ⱦɟɬɫɤɢɣ Ɏɨɧɞ |
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ |
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Ɂɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ |
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ |
WHO/FCH/CAH/00.4 UNICEF/PD/NUT/(J)00-3 UNAIDS/99.57E
Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ: Ɉɛɳɟɟ Ɉɪɢɝɢɧɚɥ: Ⱥɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ
Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ:
ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ
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ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɚɹ |
Ⱦɟɬɫɤɢɣ Ɏɨɧɞ |
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ |
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Ɂɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ |
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ |
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ:
Department of Child and Adolescent |
ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ |
Health and Development (CAH) |
Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ |
World Health Organization |
ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚ |
20, avenue Appia |
ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ |
1211 Geneva 27 |
1211 ɀɟɧɟɜɚ 27 |
Switzerland |
ɚɜɟɧɸ Ⱥɩɩɢɚ, 20 |
Nutrition Section (H-10F) |
ɘɇɂɋȿɎ |
UNICEF |
Ɉɬɞɟɥ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ (H-10F) |
3, United Nations Plaza |
ɋɒȺ |
New York, NY 10017 |
ɇɶɸ-Ƀɨɪɤ, 10017 |
USA |
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ |
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ɇɚɰɢɣ, 3 |
UNAIDS |
UNAIDS |
20, avenue Appia |
ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ |
1211 Geneva 27 |
1211 ɀɟɧɟɜɚ 27 |
Switzerland |
ɚɜɟɧɸ Ⱥɩɩɢɚ, 20 |
© ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɚɹ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ Ɂɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, 2000
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ (ȼɈɁ), Ⱦɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɈɈɇ (ɘɇɂɋȿɎ) ɢɥɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ/ɋɉɂȾ (UNAIDS), ɨɞɧɚɤɨ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɰɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬɶ, ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ.
ɍɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɢɚɬɚ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɛɵ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɪɚɣɨɧɚ, ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɢɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɥɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ, ɧɟɫɭɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ |
|
1 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 1 |
Ɉɛɡɨɪ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ |
3 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 2 |
Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ |
9 |
|
ɜɵɛɨɪɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ |
|
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 3 |
ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ |
17 |
|
ɢ ɟɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ |
|
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 4 |
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɦ ɦɨɥɨɤɨɦ |
24 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 5 |
Ɂɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ |
32 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 6 |
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɸ |
36 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 7 |
Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
37 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 8 |
Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ |
45 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 9 |
Ɂɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 6 ɞɨ 24 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ |
55 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 10 |
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ – ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ |
60 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 11 |
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ – ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ |
72 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 12 |
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ |
76 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 13 |
ɋɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ |
84 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 14 |
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ |
87 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 15 |
Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ |
91 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 16 |
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ |
98 |
|
ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ |
|
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 17 |
ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɛɳɢɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ |
103 |
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ |
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɘɇɂɋȿɎ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ |
107 |
|
ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɉɚɦɹɬɤɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ |
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ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ |
1 |
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɍ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ȼɂɑ, ɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɷɬɚ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ 90% ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɞɟɬɢ ɡɚɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɞɨ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ (ɉɆɊ) ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ. ȼɨɡɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɞɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɉɆɊ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ȼɂɑ.
ɇɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɞɢ, ɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɵ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ. Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɢɫɤ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɭɟɬ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɟ ɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ. ɗɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɟɜ. ȿɳɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɟɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɢ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚɦɢ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ:
-ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ;
-ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɜɫɟɦ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦ ɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɟɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ;
-ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɩɪɢ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ;
-ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ;
-ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦɢ, ɧɟɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɟɣ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɇȿ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɮɢɞɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ȼɂɑ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ȼɂɑ ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɟɫɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫ ȼɂɑ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ.
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɜɚɫ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɜɚɲɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ. ȼɚɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɜɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɚɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ. Ɇɵ ɧɚɞɟɟɦɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦ, ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɢ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚɦɢ.
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Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɠɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɡ ɤɭɪɫɚ
Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ Ƚɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ȼɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: Ʉɭɪɫ Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ (ȼɈɁ/ɘɇɂɋȿɎ)
ɢɥɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ. ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ.
Ʉɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ: Ʉɭɪɫ Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ (Ʉȼɂɑ) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ 16 ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ. Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ Ʉɭɪɫɚ Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɜɚɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɲɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɚ ɜɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɫɥɚɣɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɤɨɩɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ, ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɚɦ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ.
ȼɚɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɞɚɧɨ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ:
-ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ – ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɰ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ. WHO/FRH/NUT/CHD/98.1; UNAIDS/98.3; UNICEF/PD/NUT/(J)98-1
-ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ – ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɨɜ. WHO/FRH/NUT/CHD/98.2; UNAIDS/98.4; UNICEF/PD/NUT/(J)98-2
-ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ – ɨɛɡɨɪ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɦ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ. WHO/FRH/NUT/CHD/98.3; UNAIDS/98.5; UNICEF/PD/NUT/(J)98-3.
1 Ɉɛɡɨɪ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ |
3 |
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 1
Ɉɛɡɨɪ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ
ɗɩɢɞɟɦɢɢ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɋɉɂȾ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢɯ ɨɬɰɚɦ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɨɬ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɢ ɦɵ ɢɡɭɱɢɦ:
-ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ȼɂɑ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ;
-ɪɢɫɤ ɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ;
-ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ȼɂɑ ɢ ɋɉɂȾ
1/1
ȼɂɑ – ȼɢɪɭɫ ɂɦɦɭɧɨɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɜɢɪɭɫ, ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ
ɋɉɂȾ – ɋɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɉɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɂɦɦɭɧɨɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ – ɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ȼɂɑ
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ȼɂɑ ɨɬ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢ Ɋɟɛɟɧɤɭ
1/2
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ȼɂɑ, ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ
-ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɭ
-ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ
-ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ.
ɗɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ȼɂɑ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɉɆɊ.
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1 Ɉɛɡɨɪ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ |
Ɋɢɫɤ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ȼɂɑ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ
100 ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ
1/3
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ1 ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 20%, ɢ ɜɵ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ 100 ɠɟɧɳɢɧ, 20 ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ 100 ɠɟɧɳɢɧ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɛɭɞɭɬ ȼɂɑɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ 80, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɟɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ȼɂɑ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ 20%. ɉɪɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ.
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, 20-25% ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɨɞɚɯ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ 20%. ɉɹɬɶ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɟɜ ɭ 20 ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɡɚɪɚɡɹɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɨɞɨɜ.
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, 15% ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɟɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɪɦɹɬ ɝɪɭɞɶɸ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɜ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɦ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, 3 ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ ɭ ȼɂɑɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɡɚɪɚɡɹɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ.
ȼ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɢɡ 100 ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ 25% ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ 3 ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɡɚɪɚɡɹɬɫɹ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɪɢɫɤ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɢɡɨɤ, ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ. ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɪɢɫɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɞɶɸ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɪɢɫɤ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ȼɂɑ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɟɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɦɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ȼɂɑ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ, ɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɫɨɜɟɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɝɪɭɞɶɸ.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɟɣ ȼɂɑ.
1 Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɫ ȼɂɑ.