5 курс / Госпитальная педиатрия / Консультирование_по_ВИЧ_и_вскармливанию_грудных_детей_для_участников

ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɥɸɞɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜɟɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɫɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɡɜɟɫɢɬɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 8 ɝ. (ȼɟɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ, ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 100 ɝ.) ȼɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɜɟɫɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɟɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɫɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɬɟ, ɜɟɫɵ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɚɩɬɟɤɚɪɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɫɵ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɧɟɬ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɯ ɜɟɫɨɜ, ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɜɟɫɵ ɢɡ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɟ ɧɚ ɥɚɫɬɢɤɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ 10-4.

ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɟ ɜɚɲɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɫɵ, ɜɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɟɫɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɧɟɬɵ, ɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɲɩɪɢɰɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɝɪɭɡɵ.

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 10-4 ɉɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɜɟɫɵ

ɗɬɚɩ 1: ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɥɚɫɬɢɤ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɛɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɭ ɜ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɟ. Ʌɚɫɬɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ.

ɗɬɚɩ 2: ȼɨɡɶɦɢɬɟ ɞɜɟ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ (ɢɥɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ) ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɢɯ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɹɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɣ ɱɚɲɤɚɦɢ.

ɗɬɚɩ 3: ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɟɫ 8 ɝ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɱɚɲɟɤ (ɞɜɟ 4-ɯ ɝɪɚɦɦɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɧɟɬɵ ɢɥɢ 8 ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ

– ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɚɦ ɲɩɪɢɰ). ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɫɹ ɜɧɢɡ.

ɗɬɚɩ 4: ɇɚɫɵɩɶɬɟ ɫɚɯɚɪ ɜ ɩɭɫɬɭɸ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ.

ɗɬɚɩ 5: ɉɨɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɫɚɯɚɪ ɜ ɱɚɲɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɢɦ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɹɬ 8 ɝ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ.

ɉɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɦɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɤɟɬ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɬɢɩ ɢ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ.

ɊȺɆɄȺ 10.2 ɊȿɐȿɉɌ ɉɊɂȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂə ɐȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɋɍɏɈȽɈ ɆɈɅɈɄȺ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɆȿɋɌɇȺə ɆȺɊɄȺ) ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ:

80 ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ + 10 ɝ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ 80 ɦɥ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ 120 ɦɥ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ 40 ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ.

ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɦɟɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ: 120 ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ (80 ɦɥ + 40 ɦɥ)

Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ 8 ɝ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ.

ɇɚɭɱɢɬɟɫɶ ɨɬɦɟɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɶɸ ɥɨɠɤɢ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɟɫ 10 ɝ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɟ ɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɞɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ. ɉɨɦɨɝɢɬɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɨɠɟɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ 10 ɝ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ. Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɨɠɟɤ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ.

Ɇɚɬɶ ɧɚɫɵɩɚɟɬ 10 ɝ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ, ɭɠɟ ɩɨɦɟɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 120 ɦɥ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɤ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɭ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɦɤɨɜ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɤɢ 120 ɦɥ.

Ɇɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɬɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɫɚɯɚɪ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɨɠɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɭɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ. Ɇɚɬɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɚɯɚɪ ɜ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɬɶ. Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɨɠɟɤ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ.

ɉɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɸɸ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɢɯ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ. ɉɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ – ɨɞɢɧ ɩɚɤɟɬɢɤ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ. Ⱦɧɟɜɧɭɸ ɧɨɪɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɞɧɨ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɧɹ. ɉɪɢ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɚɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ.

Ʉɚɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ

ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɦɚɪɤɭ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɘɇɂɋȿɎ. ɗɬɚ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ.

ɇɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɚɯɚɪ ɢɥɢ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ (ɢɥɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɭɸ) ɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ. Ɉɧɢ ɭɠɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ.

ȼ ɛɚɧɤɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɘɇɂɋȿɎ, ɟɫɬɶ ɞɜɟ ɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ: ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ, ɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɚɹ 30 ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɉɞɧɭ ɦɟɪɭ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ. ɑɟɬɵɪɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ 120 ɦɥ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ.

Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ, ɜ ɛɚɧɤɟ ɫ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ (ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɱɟɪɩɚɤ). ɗɬɭ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ. ɍ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɜ ɱɟɪɩɚɤɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɧɨɠ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɨɬ ɥɨɠɤɢ. ɇɟ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟ ɱɟɪɩɚɤ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ. ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɦɟɬɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ 120 ɦɥ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ, ɧɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɟ.

ɊȺɆɄȺ 10.3 ɊȿɐȿɉɌ ɉɊɂȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂə ɄɈɆɆȿɊɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɆɈɅɈɑɇɈɃ ɋɆȿɋɂ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɆȿɋɌɇȺə ɆȺɊɄȺ) ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ:

120 ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ + ɱɟɪɩɚɤɨɜ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ 120 ɦɥ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ

ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɦɟɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɞɥɹ: 120 ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ

ɍɉɊȺɀɇȿɇɂȿ 10.1 Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ

ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.

ɇɚ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɢ 11 «ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ» ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ.

ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɫ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜɚɦɢ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɷɬɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɬɶ ɟɟ. Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɟ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɟ ɢ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ 34.

ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ.

68 10 ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ – ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ

ɋɜɟɠɟɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ

ɋɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ (ɢɦɹ) _________ (ɪɨɠɞ.) __________ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ (ɞɚɬɚ) __________

Ƚɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ___ ɦɥ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ. Ʉɨɪɦɢɬɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ___ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ (24 ɱɚɫɚ)

ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɢ ɥɨɠɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɣ.

ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɪɭɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɳɢ.

ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɤɢ. ɉɟɪɟɥɟɣɬɟ ɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɸ.

ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɦɨɥɨɤɨɦ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɤɢ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ ɤ ɜɨɞɟ ɜ ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɟ.

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ 2 ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ ɢ 1 ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ.

Ɉɬɦɟɪɶɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɥɨɠɤɭ, ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɭɸ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ.

ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ _____ ɥɨɠɟɤ.

Ⱦɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ ɢ ɜɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɫɹ. Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɸ, ɩɨɤɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ.

Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ. Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ.

Ʉɨɪɦɢɬɟ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ ɢɡ ɱɚɲɤɢ.

ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ.

ȼɟɪɧɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ___________

ɋɝɭɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ

ɋɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ (ɢɦɹ) ________ (ɪɨɠɞ.) _________ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ (ɞɚɬɚ) __________

Ƚɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ___ ɦɥ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ. Ʉɨɪɦɢɬɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ___ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ (24 ɱɚɫɚ)

ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɢ ɥɨɠɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɣ.

ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɪɭɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɳɢ.

ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɦɨɥɨɤɨɦ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɤɢ «ɦɨɥɨɤɨ». ɉɟɪɟɥɟɣɬɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ ɜ ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɸ. ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɤɢ «ɜɨɞɚ».

Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɜɨɞɭ ɤ ɦɨɥɨɤɭ ɜ ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɟ.

Ɉɬɦɟɪɶɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ.

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɥɨɠɤɭ, ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɭɸ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ.

ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ _____ ɥɨɠɟɤ.

Ⱦɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ ɢ ɜɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɫɹ. Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɸ, ɩɨɤɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ.

Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ.

Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ.

Ʉɨɪɦɢɬɟ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ ɢɡ ɱɚɲɤɢ.

ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ.

ȼɟɪɧɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ___________

70 10 ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ – ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ

ɋɭɯɨɟ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ

ɋɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ (ɢɦɹ) ___________ (ɪɨɠɞ.) ________ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ (ɞɚɬɚ) __________

Ƚɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ __ ɦɥ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ. Ʉɨɪɦɢɬɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ___ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ (24 ɱɚɫɚ)

ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɢ ɥɨɠɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɣ.

ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɪɭɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɳɢ.

Ⱦɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɜɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ, ɞɚɣɬɟ ɟɣ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɫɹ. Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɸ, ɩɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ.

Ɉɬɦɟɪɶɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɥɨɠɤɭ, ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɭɸ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ.

ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ _____ ɥɨɠɟɤ.

Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ. ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɤɢ.

Ɉɬɦɟɪɶɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ.

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɥɨɠɤɭ, ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɭɸ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ.

ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ _____ ɥɨɠɟɤ.

Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɶ.

Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ.

Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ.

Ʉɨɪɦɢɬɟ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ ɢɡ ɱɚɲɤɢ.

ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ.

ȼɟɪɧɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ___________

Ʉɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ

ɋɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ (ɢɦɹ) ___________ (ɪɨɠɞ.) ________ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ (ɞɚɬɚ) __________

Ƚɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ___ ɦɥ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ. Ʉɨɪɦɢɬɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ___ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ (24 ɱɚɫɚ)

ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɢ ɥɨɠɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ.

ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɪɭɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɳɢ.

Ⱦɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɜɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ, ɞɚɣɬɟ ɟɣ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɫɹ. Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɸ, ɩɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ.

Ɉɬɦɟɪɶɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧɚ.

ȼɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɱɟɪɩɚɤɨɜ.

ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ _____ ɱɟɪɩɚɤɨɜ.

Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ.

ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɱɚɲɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɤɢ. Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ.

Ʉɨɪɦɢɬɟ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚ ɢɡ ɱɚɲɤɢ.

ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ.

ȼɟɪɧɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ___________

Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ 11

ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ – ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ

Ɉɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɥɟɝɱɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɫɚɦɢ ɭɠɟ ɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɷɬɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɬɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɞɨɦɚ.

ɍ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɟɜ. ȼɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ.

Ŷɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ:

-4 ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɚ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɢɡ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ.

-ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɫɦɟɫɢ (ɫɜɟɠɟɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ, ɫɭɯɨɟ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ, ɫɝɭɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ). Ɍɪɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ 120 ɦɥ. ɉɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 60 ɦɥ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ.

-ɫɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɭɸ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɱɥɟɧɚɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɟ, ɬɚɤ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɜɵ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ.

Ŷȼɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ:

-ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ (ɢ ɨɞɨɛɪɹɹ ɢɯ);

-ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɱɬɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨɦɨɝɢɬɟ ɢɦ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;

-ɫɨɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɳɢ.

ɊȺȻɈɑɂɃ ɅɂɋɌ 11.1: ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ

Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ 10 ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɚɦ/ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɦ.

ɑɥɟɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɦɟɫɶ (ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ), ɱɟɬɤɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ, ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɥɭɲɚɸɬ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ:

ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɥ ɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɱɢɫɬɵɦ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ? ɋɦɟɲɚɥ ɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ? ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ? ɉɨɧɹɬɧɵ ɥɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ?

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ, ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ.

ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɢɳɢ.

Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɯ.

ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ.

ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢɧɹɜ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɠɟ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ.

ɗɬɚɩɵ:

1.ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɜɚɲ ɊȺȻɈɑɂɃ ɅɂɋɌ 11.2: Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.

2.Ɂɚɠɝɢɬɟ ɨɝɨɧɶ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɱɥɟɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɨɝɧɹ.

3.Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɝɨɧɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ.

4.ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɤɢɩɹɬɢɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, 1 ɥɢɬɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɝɨɧɶ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ.

ɉɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɡɚɤɢɩɚɟɬ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɗɬɚɩɵ 5 – 7.

5.ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɰɟɩɬ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ, ɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ.

6.ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ 8.

ɑɢɫɬɵɟ ɪɭɤɢ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɧɨɠɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɨɠɧɢɰɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ, ɱɢɫɬɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ.

7.Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ ɫ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ. Ɉɛɫɭɞɢɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜɚɲɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ – ɩɨɞ ɤɪɵɲɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɚɹɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ.

8.Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɡɚɤɢɩɢɬ, ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɟɟ ɫ ɨɝɧɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ. Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɚ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ.

9.ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɚɲɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɧɚ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɢ 10. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵ ɜɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ.

10.ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ 1: ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ____ ɦɥ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢɡ ɫɜɟɠɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɜɶɟɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ.

Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɚɲɢɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɦ.

ɇɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɥɚɫɶ. (ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɷɬɨ, ɤɚɩɧɭɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟɜɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɤɢɫɬɢ – ɫɦɟɫɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɚɲɚ ɤɨɠɚ).

Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ.

11.ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ 2: ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ____ ɦɥ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢɡ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ.

Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɚɲɢɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɦ.

ɇɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɥɚɫɶ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɜ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɭɤɟ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ.

12.ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ 3: ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ____ ɦɥ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ.

Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɚɲɢɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɦ.

ɇɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɥɚɫɶ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɜ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɭɤɟ.

13.ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ 4: ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ____ ɦɥ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ.

ɂɅɂ ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ.

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ, ɤɚɤ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ.

14.ɉɨɝɚɫɢɬɟ ɨɝɨɧɶ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɜɵ ɢɡɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɥɢ – ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɛɪɟɜɧɚ.

15.ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɊȺȻɈɑȿɆ ɅɂɋɌȿ 11.2: Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ.