Restrictive Lung Diseases

Diffuse

Alveolar

Damage

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

DAD is an acute process that can result from any type of severe lung injury. Clinically, it is known as adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

In the first few days following an acute lung injury, there is exudation with hyaline membrane formation in alveoli

Toward the end of the first week following acute lung injury, pulmonary macrophages proliferate and interstitial edema with some mixed inflammatory infiltrates occurs

Over weeks to months following acute lung injury, there is increasing interstitial fibrosis leading to "honeycomb" change

Disease

Therapeutic

Complications

Radiation

Drugs

Idiopathic

Pulmonary

Fibrosis

Mechanism

The lungs can be damaged by radiation and pharmacologic agents used to treat various conditions

External beam radiation therapy, particularly mantle radiation for Hodgkin disease, can result in progressive fibrosis of interstitium and pleura

The chemotherapeutic agents bleomycin and busulfan in particular induce pulmonary fibrosis

IPF includes a variety of entities, of which usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP) is most common, all characterized by progressive fibrosis