5 курс / ОЗИЗО Общественное здоровье и здравоохранение / Стратегия_ВОЗ_в_области_народной_медицины_2002_2005_гг_ВОЗ
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Hfwbjyfkmyjt bcgjkmpjdfybt% j,tcgtxtybt cjjndtncndbz b ’rjyjvbxtcrjq dsujls
Hfwbjyfkmyjt bcgjkmpjdfybt YV#LFV cdzpfyj c hzljv fcgtrnjd^ drk.xfz% rdfkbabrfwb. b kbwtypbhjdfybt nt[^ rnj tt ghtljcnfdkztn* cjjndtncnde.ott bcgjkmpjdfybt vfnthbfkjv cnfylfhnyjuj rfxtcndf* [jhjie. dpfbvjcdzpm vt;le ntvb^ rnj ghtljcnfdkztn YV#LFV^ b ntvb^ rnj ghfrnbretn fkkjgfnbxtcre. vtlbwbye^ f nfr;t ,jkmysvb* yfhzle c ghtljcnfdktybtv yfexyjq byajhvfwbb b lfyys[ lkz j,otcndtyyjcnb&
Ghj,ktvs^ cdzpfyyst c j,extybtv b gjlujnjdrjq^ nfr;t^ rfr vbybvev^ ldjzrb& Djgthds[^ j,tcgtxtybt fltrdfnyjcnb pyfybq^ rdfkbabrfwbb b gjlujnjdrb nt[^ rnj ghtljcnfdkztn YV#LFV& Dj-dnjhs[^ j,tcgtxtybt gjlujnjdrb lkz njuj^ xnj,s nt^ rnj ghtljcnfdkztn YV#LFV b ghfrnbre.obt fkkjgfns^ gjybvfkb b ghfdbkmyj jwtybdfkb dpfbvjljgjkyztvjcnm nbgjd vtlbrjcfybnfhyjq gjvjob^ rjnjhe. jyb ghtlkfuf.n&
Cjjndtncnde.ott bcgjkmpjdfybt ghjlernjd c eljcnjdthtybtv b[ rfxtcndf vj;tn nfr;t d pyfxbntkmyjq vtht cjrhfnbnm euhjpe^ cdzpfyye. c ghjlernfvb YV#LFV^ nfrbvb rfr chtlcndf^ ghbujnjdktyyst yf jcyjdt ktrfhcndtyys[ hfcntybq& Dvtcnt c ntv^ htuekbhjdfybt b htubcnhfwbz ktrfhcnd yf hfcnbntkmyjq jcyjdt yt ckbirjv hfpdbns d ,jkmibycndt cnhfy^ f rfxtcndj hfcnbntkmys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd^
4
rjnjhst ghjlf.ncz^ j,sxyj yt ufhfynbhe.ncz&
Ytj,[jlbvj ghjdtltybt ljgjkybntkmyjq hf,jns lkz ecnfyjdktybz njuj^ d rfrb[ ckexfz[ bcgjkmpjdfybt YV#LFV zdkztncz cjjndtncnde.obv (b ’rjyjvbxtcrb ’aatrnbdysv) b d rfrb[ ckexfz[^ rjulf jyj yt vj;tn ,snm htrjvtyljdfyj^ b rjulf ytj,[jlbvj ghjzdkznm jcj,e. jcnjhj;yjcnm ghb bcgjkmpjdfybb chtlcnd YV#LFV&
Hjkm DJP d yfcnjzott dhtvz
Pflfxf DJP d j,kfcnb jcyjdys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd b gjkbnbrb pfrk.xftncz d njv^ xnj,s cjltqcndjdfnm cgfctyb. ;bpyb b ekexityb. pljhjdmz^ cjrhfnbd juhjvysq hfphsd vt;le
gjntywbfkjv^ rjnjhsv j,kflf.n jcyjdyst ktrfhcndtyyst chtlcndf^ b htfkmyjcnm.
pfrk.xf.otqcz d njv^ xnj lkz
vbkkbjyjd k.ltq^ b jcj,tyyj ,tlys[ b j,tpljktyys[^ ktrfhcndf yt zdkz.ncz ljcnegysvb^ ,tpjgfcysvb bkb yt bcgjkmpe.ncz ljk;ysv j,hfpjv& "nj ljcnbuftncz ghb jceotcndktybb hzlf jcyjdjgjkfuf.ob[ aeyrwbq% jghtltktybz gjkbnbrb b pfybvftvjq gjpbwbb* hf,jns d gfhnythcndt* gjlujnjdrt herjdjlcnd b ’nbxtcrb[ yfcnfdktybq* jghtltktybz yjhv b cnfylfhnjd* cnbvekbhjdfybz cnhfntubxtcrb[ b jgthfnbdys[ yfexys[ bccktljdfybq* erhtgktybz rflhjds[ htcehcjd* b j,tcgtxtybz ytj,[jlbvjq byajhvfwbtq&
Xnj rfcftncz YV#LFV DJP jceotcndkztn ’nb aeyrwbb pf cxtn%
‰Cjltqcndbz byntuhfwbb YV#LFV d yfwbjyfkmyst cbcntvs plhfdjj[hfytybz
pf cxtn jrfpfybz cjltqcndbz ujcelfhcndfv-xktyfv ghb hfphf,jnrt b[ cj,cndtyyjq yfwbjyfkmyjq gjkbnbrb gj YV#LFV&
‰ Gjlujnjdrb herjdjlcnd gj YV#LFV
pf cxtn hfphf,jnrb b j,tcgtxtybz vt;leyfhjlys[ cnfylfhnjd^ nt[ybxtcrb[ herjdjlcnd b vtnjljkjubq lkz yfexys[ bccktljdfybq d jnyjitybb rehcjd ktxtybz b ghjlernjd YV#LFV b lkz
bcgjkmpjdfybb b ghb ghjbpdjlcndt ghjlernjd YV#LFV&
‰Cjltqcndbz cnhfntubxtcrbv bccktljdfybzv YV#LFV
pf cxtn j,tcgtxtybz gjllth;rb yfexyjbccktljdfntkmcrbv ghjtrnfv d jnyjitybb ,tpjgfcyjcnb b ’aatrnbdyjcnb YV#LFV^ jcj,tyyj d jnyjitybb nfrb[ pf,jktdfybq^ rfr vfkzhbz b DBX#CGBL&
‰Ghjgfufyls hfwbjyfkmyjuj bcgjkmpjdfybz YV#LFV
pf cxtn cjltqcndbz jcyjdfyyjve
yf afrnbxtcrb[ lfyys[ bcgjkmpjdfyb. YV#LFV&
‰J,tcgtxtybz ytj,[jlbvjq byajhvfwbb gj YV#LFV
dscnegfz d rfxtcndt cghfdjxyjuj wtynhf lkz cjltqcndbz j,vtye byajhvfwbtq gj YV#LFV&
Jlyfrj ghj,ktvs^ jgbcfybt rjnjhs[ ghbdtltyj dsit^ nht,e.n njuj^ xnj,s vthjghbznbz DJP d erfpfyyjq j,kfcnb hfcibhzkbcm b edtkbxbdfkbcm&
Cnhernehf lkz ltqcndbq
Cnhfntubz DJP d j,kfcnb yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys 2002-2005 uu& hfccvfnhbdftn djghjc j cjcnjzybb YV#LFV d ukj,fkmys[ vfcinf,f[ b
jghtltkztn cj,cndty-
ye. hjkm b vthjghbznbz DJP
d YV#LFV& Xnj tot ,jktt df;yj^ jyf
ghtljcnfdkztn cnhernehe lkz vth^ jceotcndkztvs[ DJP b
tt gfhnythfvb b jhbtynbhjdfyys[ yf nj^
xnj,s YV#LFV buhfkf pyfxbntkmyj ,jktt ceotcndtyye. hjkm d cjrhfotybb xhtpvthyjq cvthnyjcnb b pf,jktdftvjcnb^ jcj,tyyj chtlb ,tlytqib[ ckjtd yfctktybz& Erfpfyyfz cnhfntubz drk.xftn xtnsht wtkb%
1& Gjkbnbre --- byntuhbhjdfybt YV#LFV d yfwbjyfkmyst cbcntvs plhfdjj[hfytybz c extnjv ytj,[jlbvjcnb b pf cxtn hfphf,jnrb b jceotcndktybz yfwbjyfkmyjq gjkbnbrb b ghjuhfvv d j,kfcnb YV#LFV&
Jcyjdyst gjkj;tybz% Cnhfntubz yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys DJP^ 2002-2005 uu&
5
2& <tpjgfcyjcnm^ ’aatrnbdyjcnm b rfxtcndj --- cjltqcndbt ,tpjgfcyjcnb^ ’aatrnbdyjcnb b rfxtcnde YV#LFV pf cxtn hfcibhtybz ,fps lfyys[ j YV#LFV b pf cxtn j,tcgtxtybz herjdjlcndf gj htuekznjhysv cnfylfhnfv b cnfylfhnfv eljcnjdthtybz rfxtcndf&
3& Ljcneg --- j,tcgtxtybz yfkbxbz b ljcnegyjcnb YV#LFV c extnjv ytj,[jlbvjcnb b c jcj,sv dybvfybtv r djghjcfv ljcnegf lkz ,tlytqituj yfctktybz&
4& Hfwbjyfkmyjt bcgjkmpjdfybt ---
j,tcgtxtybt nthfgtdnbxtcrb ,tpjgfcyjuj bcgjkmpjdfybz cjjndtncnde.ob[ rehcjd YV#LFV rfr ntvb^ rnj t/ghtljcnfdkztn^nfr bntvb^ rnj d ytq ye;lftncz&
Jceotcndktybt cnhfntubb bpyfxfkmyj ,eltn jhbtynbhjdfyj yf gthdst ldt pflfxb& Ljcnb;tybt ,tpjgfcyjcnb^ ’aatrnbdyjcnb b rfxtcndf j,tcgtxbn ytj,[jlbvjt jcyjdfybt lkz ljcnegf b hfwbjyfkmyjuj bcgjkmpjdfybz gjcnfdktyys[ wtktq&
Jceotcndktybt cnhfntubq
Vfrcbvfkmyjt bcgjkmpjdfybt njuj gjntywbfkf^ rjnjhsq YV#LFV vj;tn ghtlkj;bnm lkz ekexitybz cjcnjzybz pljhjdmz dj dctv vbht^ tcnm uhfylbjpyfz pflfxf^ ghtlgjkfuf.ofz jceotcndktybt hzlf hfpkbxys[ vthjghbznbq b nht,e.ofz cfvjuj hfpyjj,hfpyjuj jgsnf& Rfr gjkj;bntkmysq cktletn jnvtnbnm njn afrn^ xnj d DJP ,skf cjplfyf ukj,fkmyfz ctnm YV#LFV^ xktyfvb rjnjhjq zdkz.ncz yfwbjyfkmyst jhufys gj plhfdjj[hfytyb.^ ’rcgthns cjnhelybxf.ob[ wtynhjd DJP b yfexyj-bccktljdfntkmcrb[ bycnbnenjd^ f nfr;t lheubt exht;ltybz JJY b ytghfdbntkmcndtyyst jhufybpfwbb^ hf,jnf.obt yfl ghj,ktvfvb YV#LFV^ yf xm. gjvjom vj;tn hfccxbnsdfnm DJP& Vyjubt jhufybpfwbb ghbyzkb exfcnbt d hfphf,jnrt cnhfntubb DJP d j,kfcnb yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys 2002-2005 uu& b vyjubt bp yb[ cjukfcbkbcm cnfnm gfhny/hfvb ghb tt jceotcndktybb&
Bcgjkmpjdfybt rhbnbxtcrb[ gjrfpfntktq ,eltn cjltqcndjdfnm vjybnjhbyue [jlf hf,jns d cnhfyf[ d hfvrf[ rf;ljq bp jghtltktyys[ lfyyjq cnhfntubtq wtktq&
Cnhfntubz DJP d j,kfcnb yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys 2002-2005 uu&
6
1
UKFDF
Ukj,fkmysq j,pjh
Yfhjlyfz vtlbwbyf (YV)^ f nfr;t ljgjkybntkmyfz b fkmnthyfnbdyfz vtlbwbyf (LFV) ghbdktrf.n r ct,t dct ,jkmit b ,jkmit dybvfybz c extnjv ytj,[jlbvjcnb j,tcgtxbnm vtlbrj-cfybnfhye. gjvjom b htajhvs d ctrnjht plhfdjj[hfytybz& Vyjubt afrnjhs cjltqcnde.n ibhjrjve bcgjkmpjdfyb. YV#LFV& Jlyfrj ytrjnjhst ghbywbgbfkmyst djghjcs cktletn hfccvjnhtnm jcj,j d njv ckexft^ tckb vs [jnbv j,tcgtxbnm erhtgktybt b[ gjntywbfkf&
1&1 Xnj nfrjt yfhjlyfz
vtlbwbyf$ Hf,jnf yfl jghtltktybtv
Ceotcnde.n vyjuj cbcntv yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys^ drk.xfz nhflbwbjyye. rbnfqcre. vtlbwbye^ bylbqcre. f.hdtlbxtcre. vtlbwbye b fhf,cre. vtlbwbye eyfyb& Wtksq hzl jhbubyfkmys[ cbcntv yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys nfr;t ,sk cjplfy yf ghjnz;tybb dtrjd d Fpbb^ Fahbrt^ Fhfdbb^ rjhtyysv fvthbrfycrbv yfctktybtv^ d Jrtfybb^ Wtynhfkmyjq b >;yjq Fvthbrt^ hfdyj rfr b lheub[ rekmnehf[&
C extnjv djpltqcndbz nfrb[ afrnjhjd^ rfr bcnjhbz^ kbxyjt jnyjitybt^ abkjcjabz b ghfrnbrf^ jyb vjuen ,snm hfpkbxysvb jn cnhfys r cnhfyt^ jn htubjyf r htubjye& Jxtdblyj^ xnj b[ ntjhbz b bcgjkmpjdfybt pfxfcne. pyfxbntkmyj jnkbxftncz jn vtnjljd^ ghbtvjd b chtlcnd^ rjnjhst bcgjkmpe.ncz fkkjgfnbxtcrjq vtlbwbyjq (Hfvrf 1)&
D pfdbcbvjcnb jn ghbvtyztvjuj ktxtybz YV#LFV vjuen ,snm j[fhfrnthbpjdfys rfr nthfgbb yf jcyjdt ktrfhcndtyys[ ghtgfhfnjd d njv ckexft^ rjulf jyb bcgjkmpe.n ktrfhcndtyyst chtlcndf hfcnbntkmyjuj ghjbc[j;ltybz^u fyfnjvbxtcrbt xfcnb
;bdjnys[^ b#bkb vbythfks bkb rehcs ktxtybz^ yt cdzpfyyst c vtlbrfvtynjpysvb chtlcndfvb^ d nt[ ckexfz[^ rjulf jyb ghbvtyz.ncz ,tp bcgjkmpjdfybz rfrb[-kb,j ghtgfhfnjd^ rfr d ckexft fregeyrnehs^ vfyefkmyjq nthfgbb^ ubujyuf^ nfq^ l;b^ qjub^ nthvfkmyjq nthfgbb b lheub[ abpbxtcrb[^ gcb[bxtcrb[^ cgbhbnefkbcnbxtcrb[^ cdzpfyys[ c ntkjv b leijq dbljd ktxtybz&
Hfvrf 1
XNJ GHTLCNFDKZTN CJ<JQ YFHJLYFZVTLBWBYF$
Yfhjlyfz vtlbwbyf vj;tn ,snm vj;tn ,snm
cbcntvfnbpbhjdfyyjq^ htuekbhetvjq^ ghtgjlfdftvjq
jnrhsnj b ibhjrj ghfrnbretvjq yf cbcntvfnbxtcrjq
jcyjdt^ghb’njvjyfgjkmpetnczjgsnjv^yfrjgktyysv yf ghjnz;tybb nsczxtktnbq&
D ghjnbdjdtc ’njve jyf vj;tn ,snm nfr;t
pfctrhtxtyyjq^ vbcnbxtcrjq^ ceue,j kjrfkmyjq c
yfdsrfvb^ rjnjhst gthtlf.ncz kbim ecnyj& Jyf vj;tn bc[jlbnm bp [fhfrnthys[ abpbxtcrb[ ghbpyfrjd
bkb ghtlgjkfuftvs[ cdth[ tcntcndtyys[ cbk&
Jxtdblyj^ xnj yf ukj,fkmyjv ehjdyt yfhjlyfz
vtlbwbyf yt gjllftncz njxyjve jgbcfyb. bkb
ltabybwbb^ cjtlbyzz pfxfcne. cfvst ghjnbdjhtxbdst^ byjulf lf;t rjyakbrne.obt
gfhfvtnhs b njxrb phtybz& Dvtcnt c ntv^ hf,jxtt jghtltktybt ytj,[jlbvj& Lkz DJP nfrjt
jghtltktybt ljk;yj gj ytj,[jlbvjcnb ,snm
rjvgktrcysv b tvrbv&
C extnjv ’njuj DJP jghtltkztn yfhjlye.
vtlbwbye rfr drk.xf.oe. hfpkbxye. cdzpfyye.
cj pljhjdmtv ghfrnbre^ gjl[jls^ pyfybz b
dthjdfybz^ f nfr;t vtlbrfvtynjpyst chtlcndf hfcnbntkmyjuj^ ;bdjnyjuj b#bkb vbythfkmyst gj
cdjtq ghbhjlt^ cgbhbnefkmye. nthfgb.^
vfyefkmye. nthfgb. b eghf;ytybz^
bcgjkmpetvst gj jnltkmyjcnb bkb d cjxtnfybb^
lkz gjllth;fybz ,kfujgjkexbz^ f nfr;t ktxtybz^
lbfuyjcnbrb b ghjabkfrnbrb ,jktpytq&
uKtrfhcndtyyst ghtgfhfns hfcnbntkmyjuj ghjbc[j;ltybz drk.xf.n nhfds^ vfnthbfks hfcnbntkmyjuj ghjbc[j;ltybz^ cvtcb b lheubt bpujnjdktyyst yf b[ jcyjdt ghjlerns^ rjnjhst d rfxtcndt frnbdys[ byuhtlbtynjd cjlth;fn xfcnb hfcntybq b lheujq hfcnbntkmysq vfnthbfk bkb tuj hfpkbxyst cjxtnfybz&
Ukj,fkmysq j,pjh
7
Cnhfntubz DJP d j,kfcnb yfhjlyjq vtlbwbys 2002-2005 uu&
Ljgjkybntkmyfz b fkmnthyfnbdyfz vtlbwbyf
Nthvbys ‘ljgjkybntkmyfz\ b ‘fkmnthyfnbdyfz\ (b byjulf nfr;t ‘ytnhflbwbjyyfz\ bkb ‘gfhfkktkmyfz\) bcgjkmpe.ncz lkz jghtltktybz ibhjrjuj yf,jhf yfdsrjd b ktxtybz^ rjnjhst yt zdkz.ncz xfcnm. nhflbwbb cfvjq cnhfys b yt byntuhbhjdfys d ujcgjlcnde.oe. d ytq cbcntve plhfdjj[hfytybz&
‘Ujdjhbnm j, ‘fkmnthyfnbdyjq\ vtlbwbyt ---
’nj dct hfdyj^ xnj ujdjhbnm j, byjcnhfywf[
j,f jghtltktybz d rfrjq-nj cntgtyb
zdkz.ncz eybxb;bntkmysvb^ jghtltkzz
ibhjrbt utnthjutyyst rfntujhbb^
ltabybwfvb^ rjnjhst lf.ncz yf jcyjdt
njuj^ xtv jyb yt zdkz.ncz^ f yt njuj^ xnj jyb tcnm yf cfvjv ltkt&\1
Fregeyrnehf tcnm yfhjlyfz rbnfqcrfz vtlbwbyf& Yj vyjubt tdhjgtqcrbt cnhfys
Nf,kbwf 1
jghtltkz.n tt b nhflbwbjyye. rbnfqcre. vtlbwbye d wtkjv rfr LFV^ gjcrjkmre jyb yt cjcnfdkz.n xfcnb b[ cj,cndtyyjq nhflbwbb plhfdjj[hfytybz&
Fyfkjubxyj ’njve^ gjcrjkmre ujvtjgfnbz b cbcntvs [bhjghfrnbrb ,skb cjplfys d Tdhjgt d XVIII dtrt gjckt ghbyznbz fkkjgfnbxtcrjq vtlbwbys^ jyb yt [fhfrnthbpe.ncz rfr cbcntvs YV b yt drk.xf.ncz d yfb,jktt hfcghjcnhfytyyst vjltkb vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob d Tdhjgt& Dvtcnj ’njuj jyb hfccvfnhbdf.ncz rfr ytrbq dfhbfyn LFV&l
Ytrjnjhst j,obt dbls ktxtybz YV#LFV^ egjvbyftvst d cthbb ge,kbrfwbq 1999 u&
<hbnfycrjuj vtlbwbycrjuj ;ehyfkf gj LFV ghbdtltys d Nf,kbwt 1& "nf nf,kbwf zdkztncz lfktrj ytgjkyjq^ b d yfcnjzott dhtvz gjcnjzyyj cjplf.ncz rfrbt-nj yjdst yfghfdktybz&
Ibhjrj bcgjkmpetvst dbls ktxtybz b nthfgtdnbxtcrbt ghbtvs YV#LFV
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l - j,sxyj bcgjkmpe.n ’njn dbl nthfgbb#nthfgtdnbxtcrbq ghbtv n - byjulf bcgjkmpe.n ’njn dbl nthfgbb#nthfgtdnbxtcrbq ghbtv &n - bcgjkmpe.n nthfgtdnbxtcrjt ghbrjcyjdtybt
anfr^ yfghbvth^ vyjubt ytjabwbfkmyst cbcntvs YV d Fahbrt b Kfnbycrjq Fvthbrt bcgjkmpe.n ghtgfhfns hfcnbntkmyjuj ghjbc[j;ltybz&
,yfghbvth^ d Nfbkfylt ytrjnjhst bp ibhjrj bcgjkmpetvs[ nthfgbq YV drk.xf.n fregeyrnehe b freghtccehe&
dnbg vfyefkmyjq nthfgbb^ bcgjkmpetvsq d nhflbwbjyyjq rbnfqcrjq nthfgbb&
ujy jnyjcbncz r vfyefkmyjq nthfgbb^ zgjycrjq gj cdjtve ghjbc[j;ltyb.^ d rjnjhjq jrfpsdftncz lfdktybt ,jkmibvb gfkmwfvb^ kfljyzvb d jghtltktyys[ njxrf[ xtkjdtxtcrjuj ntkf&
lrjvgjytyn nhflbwbjyyjq rbnfqcrjq vtlbwbys^ rjnjhsq cjxtnftn ldb;tybt^ vtlbnfwb.^ htuekbhjdfybt ls[fybz lkz ecbktybz gjnjrf ;bpytyyjq ’ythubb (rb) d ntkt lkz ekexitybz wbhrekzwbb rhjdb b ecbktybz bvveybntnf&
lD cjjndtncndbb c ’nbv d lfyyjv ljrevtynt ‘yfhjlyfz vtlbwbyf\ bcgjkmpetncz rjulf htxm bltn j, Fahbrt^ Kfnbycrjq Fvthbrt^ >uj-Djcnjxyjq Fpbb b#bkb Pfgflyjq xfcnb Nb[juj jrtfyf^ d nj dhtvz rfr ‘ljgjkybntkmyfz b fkmnthyfnbdyfz\ vtlbwbyf bcgjkmpetncz^ rjulf htxm bltn j Tdhjgt b#bkb Ctdthyjq Fvthbrt (b Fdcnhfkbb)& Ghb j,otq ccskrt yf ’nb htubjys bcgjkmpetncz nthvby YV#LFV&
8
Drk.xtybt YV#LFV d yfwbjyfkmyst cbcntvs plhfdjj[hfytybz
DJP lfyj jghtltktybt nhtv nbgfv cbcntv plhfdjj[hfytybz c extnjv cntgtyb^ d rjnjhjq YV#LFV jabwbfkmyj ghbpyftncz d rfxtcndt ’ktvtynf vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob&
D byntuhbhjdfyyjq cbcntvt YV#LFV jabwbfkmyj ghbpyftncz b exbnsdftncz dtplt^ ult j,tcgtxbdftncz vtlbrjcfybnfhyfz gjvjom& "nj jpyfxftn^ xnj YV# LFV drk.xftncz d cjjndtncnde.oe. gjkbnbre cnhfys d j,kfcnb ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd* kbwf^ ghtlcnfdkz.obt nfre. gjvjom^ b tt ghtgfhfns htubcnhbhe.ncz b htuekbhe.ncz* rehcs YV#LFV ghtljcnfdkz.ncz d cnfwbjyfhf[ b rkbybrf[ (rfr j,otcndtyys[^ nfr b xfcnys[)* ghjbpdjlbncz djpvtotybt hfc[jljd yf ktxtybt d cjjndtncndbb c YV#LFV gj cbcntvt cnhf[jdfybz* jceotcndkz.ncz ytj,[jlbvst yfexyst bccktljdfybz^ j,tcgtxbdftncz gjlujnjdrf gj YV#LFV& D ukj,fkmys[ vfcinf,f[ d Rbnft^ Rjhtqcrjq Yfhjlyj-Ltvjrhfnbxtcrjq Htcge,kbrt^ rjhtqcrjq Htcge,kbrt b Dmtnyfvt ,skf cjplfyf nfrfz byntuhbhjdfyyfz cbcntvf (Nf,kbwf 2)&
J,]tlbytyyfz cbcntvf ghbpyftn YV#LFV^ yj yt j,tcgtxbdftn tt gjkyjq byntuhfwbb dj dct fcgtrns vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob^ ,elm nj jrfpfybt gjvjob^ ghjcdtotybt^ gjlujnjdrf rflhjd bkb htuekbhjdfybt& YV# LFV vj;tn yt j,tcgtxbdf.ncz yf dct[ ehjdyz[ vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob^ b vtlbwbycrfz cnhf[jdrf vj;tn yt gjrhsdfnm ktxtybt YV#LFV^ jabwbfkmyjt j,extybt YV#LFV vj;tn jncencndjdfnm yf eybdthcbntncrjv ehjdyt nfr;t rfr b htuekbhjdfybt d jnyjitybb nt[^ rnj ghtljcnfdkztn YV#LFV b tt ghjlerns bkb ;t nfrjt htuekbhjdfybt zdkztncz kbim xfcnbxysv& C extnjv ’njuj ghjljk;ftncz hf,jnf d jnyjitybb gjkbnbrb^ htuekbhjdfybz^ ghfrnbrb^ j[dfnf vtlbwbycrbv cnhf[jdfybtv^ yfexys[ bccktljdfybq b gjlujnjdrb& Cnhfys^ ult ltqcndetn j,]tlbytyyfz cbcntvf^ drk.xf.n hfpdbdf.obtcz cnhfys^ nfrbt rfr "rdfnjhbfkmyfz Udbytz^ Ybuthbz^ Vfkb^ b d rjnjhs[ bvttncz yfwbjyfkmyfz gjkbnbrf YV#LFV^ yj gjxnb yt jceotcndkztncz htuekbhjdfybt ghjlerwbb YV#LFV^ b hfpdbnst cnhfys^ nfrbt rfr Rfyflf b Cjtlbytyyjt Rjhjktdcndj^ d rjnjhs[ yt ghtljcnfdkztncz gjlujnjdrf yf eybdthcbntncrjv ehjdyt gj YV#LFV^ yj d
rjnjhs[ jceotcndkz.ncz wtktyfghfdktyyst ecbkbz lkz j,tcgtxtybz rfxtcndf b ,tpjgfcyjcnb YV#LFV& D rjytxyjv bnjut^ cnhfys^ hfcgjkfuf.obt j,]tlbytyyjq cbcntvjq^ rfr ghtlgjkfuftncz^ ,elen bvtnm byntuhbhjdfyye. cbcntve (Nf,kbwf 3)&
D cnhfyf[ c njkthfynyjq cbcntvjq yfwbjyfkmyfz cbcntvf cfybnfhyjq gjvjob jcyjdfyf wtkbrjv yf fkkjgfnbxtcrjq vtlbwbyt^ yj pfrjy ljgecrftn ghbvtytybt ytrjnjhs[ dbljd YV#LFV&
1&2 Ibhjrjt bcgjkmpjdfybt
b ghbdktrfntkmyjcnm
Dj vyjub[ hfpdbdf.ob[cz cnhfyf[ rfr pfxfcne. jnvtxftncz d ghfdbntkmcndtyys[ ljrkflf[ ,jkmifz xfcnm yfctktybz ghjljk;ftn bcgjkmpjdfnm YV lkz j,tcgtxtybz cdjb[ gthdbxys[ vtlbrjcfybnfhys[ gjnht,yjcntq (Hbc& 1)& C extnjv
Hbceyjr 2
D ytrjnjhs[ hfpdbdf.ob[cz cnhfyf[ YV ibhjrj bcgjkmpetncz d gthdbxyjq vtlbrj-cfybnfhyjq gjvjob&
100% |
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90% |
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80% |
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80% |
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70% |
70% |
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60% |
60% |
60% |
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40% |
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20% |
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0% |
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Eufylf |
Nfypfybz |
Hefylf |
Bylbz |
<tyby |
"abjgbz |
Bcnjxybr% Cjcnfdktyj gj lfyysv^ ghtlcnfdktyysv ghfdbntkmcndfvb dj Dctvbhye. jhufybpfwb. plhfdjj[hfytybz
’njuj htpjk.wbz gj djghjcfv cjltqcndbz hjkb nhflbwbjyyjq vtlbwbys d cbcntvf[ plhfdjj[hfytybz% cnhfntubz lkz Fahbrfycrjuj htubjyf^ ghbyznfz gznbltcznjq ctccbtq Htubjyfkmyjuj rjvbntnf DJP lkz cnhfy Fahbrb d fduecnt 2000 u&^ erfpsdftn yf nj^ xnj jrjkj 80¢ yfctktybz ujcelfhcnd-xktyjd d Fahbrt bcgjkmpe.n YV lkz j,tcgtxtybz cdjb[ vtlbrj-cfybnfhys[ gjnht,yjcntq&2 "nj drk.xftn bcgjkmpjdfybt nhflbwbjyys[ freithjd (NF) lkz cjltqcndbz njve drkfle^ rjnjhsq NF vjuen dytcnb d gthdbxye. vtlbrj-cfybnfhye. gjvjom& Hzl cnhfy
Ukj,fkmysq j,pjh
9
Nf,kbwf 2 Ghbvths cnhfy c byntuhbhjdfyysv gjl[jljv r YV#LFV
Yfwbjyfkmyfz gj- |
Jnltk YV#LFV bkb |
Htuekbhjdfybt d j,kfcnb |
Rflhjdst htcehcs YV |
Ghfrnbrf yf dct[ ehjdyz[^ drk.xfz |
kbnbrf gj YV#LFV |
ltgfhnfvtyn d hfvrf[ |
ghjbpdjlcndf b jnhfckz[ |
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j,otcndtyyst cnfwbjyfhs |
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vbybcnthcndf plhfdjj[- |
ghjvsiktyyjcnb^ ghjbpdjlzob[ |
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(d ckexft ghbvtytybz d cnfwbjyfhf[ |
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hfytybz |
hfcnbntkmyst ktrfhcndtyyst |
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j,otcndtyyjuj plhfdjj[hfytybz YV#LFV |
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chtlcndf |
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byntuhbhjdfyf d yfwbjyfkmye. cbcntve |
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plhfdjj[hfytybz) |
J[dfn vtlbwbycrbv |
YV#LFV |
Cgtwbfkmyjt j,extybt yf |
cnhf[jdfybtv ktxt- |
yfwbjyfkmyst b- |
eybdthcbntncrjv ehjdyt^ |
ybz ktrfhcndtyys- |
ccktljdfntkmc- |
j[dfnsdf.ott YV b fkmnthyfnbdye. |
vb ghtgfhfnfvb |
rbt |
vtlbwbye lkz dhfxtq^ afhvfrjkjujd |
|
bycnbnens |
b vtlbwbycrb[ ctcnth |
Rbnfq |
Rjycnbnewbz |
Ujcelfhcndtyyfz |
Htuekbhjdfybt --- Lf |
|
Dhfxb YLV |
525 000 |
<jkmybws NLV |
2 500 |
Gjkyjcnm. |
170 yfwbjyfkmys[ |
30 eybdthcbntnjd NLV |
|
1949 u& drk.xftn |
flvbybcnhfwbz gj |
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b ujcelfhcndtyys[ |
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gjkbnbre gj YV |
djghjcfv yfhjlyjq |
Afhvfrjgtz drk.xftn ktrfhcndtyyst |
Dhfxb NLV#FV |
10 000 |
<jkmybws ULV#LFV |
39 |
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yfexyj-bccktlj- |
3 YV rjkktl;f lkz vtymibycnd |
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ljgjkybntkmyjq |
hfcntybz |
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dfntkmcrb[ bycnb- |
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vtlbwbys (NLV) |
Gthtxtym jcyjdys[ ktrfhcndtyys[ |
Afhvfrjkjub NLV |
83 000 |
Dctuj rjtr |
35 000 |
|
nenjd |
51 irjkf vtlbwbycrb[ nt[yjkjubq NLV |
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chtlcnd drk.xftn hfcnbntkmyst |
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ktrfhcndtyyst chtlcndf |
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Ghjbpdjlbntkb |
600 |
Gjvjoybrb dhfxtq |
72 000 |
<jkmybws YV lkz |
127 |
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Athvths^ dshfobdf.obt |
|
NLV |
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vtymibycnd |
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Afhvfrjkjub FV |
55 000 |
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ktrfhcndtyyst |
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hfcntybz |
340 000 |
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Rjhtqcrfz |
Yfwbjyfkmyfz gjkb- |
<.hj djcnjxyjq vtlbwbys |
Htuekbhjdfybt --- Lf |
|
Dhfxb djcnjxyjq |
9 914 |
107 vtlbwbycrb[ djcnjxys[ cnfwbjyfhjd |
Gjkyjcnm. |
1 yfwbjyfkmysq |
11 eybdthcbntnjd djcnjxyjq vtlbwbys |
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Htcge,kbrf |
nbrf YV 1969 u& |
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Afhvfrjgtz drk.xftn |
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vtlbwbys |
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b 6590 vtcnys[ djcnjxys[ rkbybr |
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bccktljdfntkmc- |
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ktrfhcndtyyst nhfds |
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Ghfrnbre.obt |
4 500 |
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rbq bycnbnen |
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fregeyrnehe |
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Dmtnyfv |
Yfwbjyfkmyfz gjkb- |
Jnltk YV |
Htuekbhjdfybt --- Lf |
|
Dhfxb YV |
25 500 |
48 cnfwbjyfhjd c jnltkfvb YV |
|
Gjkyjcnm. |
3 yfwbjyfkmys[ |
Afrekmntn YV d 3-[ vtlbwbycrb[ |
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nbrf YV^ 1955 u& |
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Gthtxtym jcyjdys[ |
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bccktljdfntkmc- |
rjkktl;f[^ 2 irjks vtlbwbycrb[ |
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ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd drk.xftn |
Ghfrnbre.obt |
20 000 |
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rb[ bycnbnenf |
nt[yjkjubq gj YV |
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hfcnbntkmyst ktrfhcndtyyst |
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fregeyrnehe |
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chtlcndf Ujcelfhcndtyys[ |
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Ghfrnbre.obt YV |
5 000 |
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ghjbpdjlbntktq 2 |
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Bcnjxybr% dslth;rb bp ghfdbntkmcndtyys[ cjj,otybq dj Dctvbhye. jhufybpfwb. plhfdjj[hfytybz&
Nf,kbwf 3 Ghbvths cnhfy c j,]tlbytyyjq cbcntvjq YV#LFV
Yfwbjyfkmyfz |
Gjlhfpltktybt bkb |
Htuekbhjdfybt YV bkb hfcnbntkmys[ |
gjkbnbrf gj |
ltgfhnfvtyn YV#LFV d |
ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd bkb njuj b |
YV#LFV |
vbybcnthcndt plhfdjj[hf- |
lheujuj rfr YV^ nfr b hfcnbntkmys[ |
|
ytybz |
ktrfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd |
YV#LFV bcgjkmpetncz yf dct[ ehjdyz[^ drk.xfz |
J[dfn vtlbwbycrbv |
j,otcndtyyst cnfwbjyfhs (yfghbvth^ ckexfb |
cnhf[jdfybtv ghb |
bcgjkmpjdfybz d j,otcndtyyjv |
ktxtybb b |
plhfdjj[hfytybb YV#LFV byntuhbhe.ncz d |
bcgjkmpjdfybb kt- |
yfwbjyfkmye. cbcntve plhfdjj[hfytybz) |
rfhcndtyys[ chtlcnd |
Yfexyj-bccktljdfntkmcrbq bycnbnen gj YV#LFV yf yfwbjyfkmyjv bkb eybdthcbntncrbv ehjdyt
Cgtwbfkmyjt j,extybt yf eybdthcbntncrjv ehjdytv^ j[dfnsdf.ott rfr YV^ nfr b FV lkz dhfxtq^ afhvfrjkjujd b vtlbwbycrb[ ctcnth
Bylbz |
Lf |
Lf |
Nj b lheujt |
Lf d ytrjnjhs[ cnfwbjyfhf[ |
Ytn |
Lf |
Lf |
Ihb-Kfyrf |
Lf |
Lf |
Nj b lheujt |
Ytn |
Ytn |
Ytn |
Ytn |
Byljytpbz |
Lf |
Lf |
Nj b lheujt |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ ujcelfhcndtyys[ cnfwbjyfhf[ |
Ytn |
Lf |
Ytn |
Zgjybz |
Ytn |
Ytn |
Nj b lheujt |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ ujcelfhcndtyys[ cnfwbjyfhf[ |
Lf |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ ghtatrnehf[ |
Ytn |
Fdcnhfkbz |
Ytn |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ infnf[ |
Hfcnbntkmyst ktrfhcndtyyst chtlcndf |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ ujcelfhcndtyys[ cnfwbjyfhf[ |
Xfcnbxyj |
Ytn |
Lf |
J,]tlbytyyst Fhf,crbt |
Ytn |
Ytn |
Nj b lheujt |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ ujcelfhcndtyys[ cnfwbjyfhf[ |
Ytn |
Lf |
Ytn |
"vbhfns |
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Uthvfybz |
Ytn |
Ytn |
Nj b lheujt |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ ujcelfhcndtyys[ cnfwbjyfhf[ |
Xfcnbxyj |
Lf |
Ytn |
Yjhdtubz |
Lf |
Yfpyfxtyysq gthcjyfk |
Nj b lheujt |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ ujcelfhcndtyys[ cnfwbjyfhf[ |
Xfcnbxyj |
Lf^ d jlyjv bp ujcelfhcndtyys[ |
Ytn |
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eybdthcbntnjd |
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Cjtlbytyyjt Rjhjktdcndj |
Lf |
Ytn |
Nj b lheujt |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ ujcelfhcndtyys[ cnfwbjyfhf[ |
Xfcnbxyj |
Ytn |
Ytn^ yj dtltncz gjlujnjdrf |
Rfyflf |
Lf |
Lf |
Nj b lheujt |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ ujcelfhcndtyys[ cnfwbjyfhf[ |
Xfcnbxyj |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ ujcelfhcndtyys[ |
Ytn |
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eybdthcbntnf[ |
|
CIF |
Ytn |
Ytn |
Nj b lheujt |
Lf^ d ytrjnjhs[ ujcelfhcndtyys[ cnfwbjyfhf[ |
Xfcnbxyj |
Lf^ d NCCAM b ytrjnjhs[ |
Ytn |
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ujcelfhcndtyys[ eybdthcbntnf[ |
|
Ufyf |
Lf |
Lf |
Nj b lheujt |
Ytn |
Ytn |
Lf |
Ytn |
Ybuthbz |
Lf |
Lf |
Nj b lheujt |
Lf |
Ytn |
Lf |
Ytn |
Bcnjxybr% dslth;rb bp ghfdbntkmcndtyys[ cjj,otybq dj Dctvbhye. jhufybpfwb. plhfdjj[hfytybz&