4 курс / Лучевая диагностика / Rentgenanatomia_organov_grudnoy_kletki

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.!. &$ % $ 2 & .D $ ;0 && . 0 $ "!02$& II !&;&!$0 0 C!DK $ &$. 2$03 &$4 $&/ !$03 2&$@. H0!= &$ $&/ !$03 2&$@ =$0 00;! $ : 0%!" D, 02 4$ D, % / &2 #$ D, 2@ D$" D, 0 $" D, 0 2 . 0 ! ./0 01&$ D $&/ !$03 2&$@ /0 0 $0A&$ % C0#" !&$ &$02@C " &3. 0 D $&/ !$03 2&$@ ! ./0 & .D

%$" ! 0 &$ / &2!@, $ = D 2&!C$&= 4$@3 0 #& 2&!C"A% . =&!@ && ! $@, 2 . " & 0 /0/&- !& $@3 ! =&! #0 =01& .0. 2 D 4 0 1/5 #0 1/2 /0/&!& $0 0 ! =&! !"#$03 % & % $ # $$0= "!02$&. 0 D $&/ !$03 2&$@ 0 & .D 0 0%!"1 K&3 & 0 $03 % $ $&%0 0!@= /0$ 1&$ &= /!0 ! $0. . &;0 4-

A D /0 ! =&! = #0 D =01& 2@ D#& 4 /0 $0. 4 &=$&$$03. EE&!&$B !02 $$0& 0;! 1&$ & / &2!@ #0 $&/ !$03 2&$@ .2 #& & 4. 2"& 0; 0 ." . 2 & &% 20./ & 4$03 $E 4 ! B #0 .

&2! #0; 20 $03 K& , 0 #& D K D 0%0 0.&!#& $" #0 (7) /! 20 0 &20 0 & %0 0, =01& =& 4 2 # %0.03 . & % 2@/"% 03 %$ !"1 0$%03 $ , #"K&3 0 %0!$D & %0 0 % # E! =&. ! = @C ! =&- ! C #0 0$ 0% "& .D 2 0; . .&!#& $0-# E! = 4$0 0 " .

b$ $ & !&$ &$0 $ 0= 0.$02$@C #0; 20 $@C K& &3 & % C /0 20 D& " 0 $ 4 0% B / 0 0-&.%0 0 /!0B&.. , %1& ."# 4 0; 0;Y&=$@C =&$&$ DC 0 #& 4$@C #0 &3, 0 =&& /! % &.%0& $ -&$ & /! # EE&!&$B 4$03 # $0. %& / 0 0 &.% C /!0B&..02.

@2 D 0.0;&$$0. /!0&%B 0$$0 0 0;! 1&$ D #0 &3 & % C 2 /!D=03 /!0&%B , 0 $ D 0/0 ! E &-

.% D 0% B D ! ./!0. ! $&$$0. 4 / 0 0 &.%0 0 /!0B&.. =01& ;@ 4 ". $02 &$ 0 4%0 /! .-

. $ 2 #2"C 2 =$0 /&!/&$# %" D!$@C /!0&%B DC.

0%02 D /!0&%B D. 6 &" 7 > /! .. $ 2 ;0%0203 /!0&%B ! ./0 & .D /0 # 0$ , /!020# =03 0 "!02$D IV—V !"#$0 0 /0 20$% % # E! =& (1). /! 2 0 % /!0&%B 0$$0 0 /&!&.& &$ D %0.03 K& . # E! =03 .00 2& . 2"& ! $ B& && /&!$&3 .!$&3 !& ; . &2 0$ $ C0# .D ; 1& %/&- ! , 0 . "/D /! =&!$0 $ 2—3 0 !"# $@. &2! %0.03 K& =01& ;@ 4 2 #$ !&$ &$0 0 &.% $ 0 - ! $ &$$0= " . %& $ 2.&= /!0 D1&$ 2 2 #& 0#$03 0$%03 $&3$03 &$ , $0 # 2 2 #& #2"C / ! -& 4$@C /&!&%!&K 2 K C.D $&3$@C &$&3.

" " 1 > 1 5 (2) $ C0# .D %/&! 0 %0.03 K& , &1 /0 0! 0$ 4$0 . & % $ % 0$$0 %$ " /!0. ! & .D 0 0 % , .00 2& . 2" K&3 /! ; & 4$0 /0 02 $& # $@ %0.03 K& #0 !"-

# $@, $ "!02$& /&!$& 0 0 #& IV !&;! . ! .02/ #&$ 0! 0$ 4$03 K& . C0#0= /" % !&$ &$02@C "-&3 / &2! =01& 0;! 02 4 /!D=0 $&3$" #" 00;! $" ,

. & % 2@/"% " %2&!C", $&3$" &$4.

;"3 ", > 1, 0 #& D K D 2&!C"A%" $ 1$&3 #0 . 0;& C

. 0!0$ (8), ! ./0 & .D %1& 0! 0$ 4$0, $ /! 2 D& .D % -

# 0 %0.03 D2 D& .D % % ;@ /!0#0 1&$ &= 0.$02$03 0- ! 0$ 4$03 K& . 0; 20 $ D K& 4 (10), 0 #& D K D D @ %0- 2" #0 . &2 (11), ! ./0 & .D $ 0 $0 0! 0$ 4$03 K& ./! 2 . &2! /0 C0#" .00 2& . 2" K C K& &3 0;! "&$0 # 0$% & $&3$@& &$ , ! ./0 K &.D %/&! % # 0 %0.03 K& . &2! #0/0 $ & 4$@C K& &3, 0 #& D K D #0; - 20 $" #0 $&/ !$03 2&$@ 0%0 0.&!#& $" , /! .. $ 2 ;0%0203 /!0&%B , % % /! 2 0, $& 2 #$ .

" 0 4$" E0!=", /&!$DD && /02&!C$0. 4 .0/! % . & .D . !"# $03, #$DD — . #$ = 0 #& = 2&!C$ C& @!&C !&;&! 2&!C"A%03 $ 1$&3 #0 , $ 1$DD — .0 .!$&3 #0 &3, 2&!C$DD — 0 ! $ &$ %"/0 0= / &2!@.

@ " (4) . = D = D /0 ! =&! =, $ = & /&!$&$ 1$ 3 0 #& /0 0. !"#$03 % & % , =&& !0=;02 #$" E0!=", $ ;0 && 0. !@3 " 0 0;! K&$ % # , % %0!$ . 0 D /! &1 ./&! % $ 1$&3 /0 0- 2 $& & !"# $@, .$ " — % # E! =&, .2&!C" ! $ . 2&!C$&3, . # — . $ 1$&3 #0 D= . !$DD #0-D /0 $0. 4 /!0&B !"& .D $ &$4 .&!#B .

A 2 " 5 "!" !&"!" (5) !&" 0 4$03 E0!=@, $ ;0 4A D /0 ! =&! =, ! =&K&$ 2 #$&$ 1$&= 0 #& & /0 0. !"#$03 % & % , A !0%0& 0.$02 $ & && ! ./0 01&$0 $ # E! =&, 2&!A $ 0;! K&$ %2&!- C" % # . b #$DD /02&!C$0. 4 #0 /! &1 % #$ = 0 #& = IV—X !&;&!, $ 1$DD — % # E! =&,

./&! #0 D ! $ . 2&!C$&3 .!$&3 #0 D= .

? 7 " "!" !&"!" (3) ! ./0 & .D 2 2&!C$&/&!$&= 0 #& & /0 0. !"#$03 % & % . /&! 0$ /! &1 $ 2.&= /!0 D1&$ % /&!$&3 !"#$03 . &$%&, .2&!C"—% %"/0 " / &2!@, .$ "— . $0 %

# E! =&, . # — % $ 1$&3 #0 &.

A 2 " "!" !&"!" (5) % 1& % % /! 20 0 $ = & $ 1$& #$ 3 0 #& /0 0. !"#$03 % & % , /! &1 % # E! =& $ ;0 4A&= /!0 D1&$ , &= $ 1$DD #0 D ./! 2 , ./&! .0/! % . & .D . 2&!C$&3 #0 &3.

C&= 0;! 1&$ D #0 &3 & % C 2 ! $@C /!0&%B DC /!. 2 &$ $ ! .. 203.

! $ #0; 20 $@C #0 &3 & % C /!0 D1&$$0. 4 0.$02$@C /0. 0D$$@C #0 &3 .00 2& . 2&$$0 "=&$4A & .D $&.%0 4%0 =&$D& .D C E0!= .

& =&$ @ & % C 2 !&$ &$02.%0= 0;! 1&$ 0/!& D $0 ! ./0 01&$ .& =&$ !$@C ;!0$C02,%1& /0 2& 2 &$ ! &! 4$@C 2&$0 $@C .0."#02 & % C. 1#@3 .& =&$ =&& !&" 0 4$" E0!=", 0.$02 - $ & & 0 ! ./0 & .D $ /02&!C$0. & %0 0, 2&!A $ #0. & %0!$D. % = 0;! 0=, 2.& .& =&$ @ .20 = 2&!A $ = 0;! K&$@ % %0!$ (! .. 204). $ 2.&C .& =&$ !$@C ;!0$C02 2 /!& C 10—15 , # =& !C .0. 2 D& 5 —6 .

$0!=& ! $ B@ =&1#" .& =&$ = $& 2 #$@, % % % 0$ $& 0 #& &$@ #!" 0 #!" ;0!0 # = . & %0$-! . $0 0 .. $ D $ !&$ &$0 ! == C 2 /!D=03 ;0%0203 /!0&%B DC ! ./0 01&$ & /!0 D1&$$0. 4 0 #& 4$@C .& =&$ 02 ". $ 2 2 .D 0! &$ !020 $0 /0 .& =&$ !$@= .0."# . @= 2& 2D=, =& K = . !0 0 0/!& &$$" 0/0 ! E . 0 && 0 $0 .& =&$ !$@& ;!0$C .0."#@, ! =&!@ .& =&$ 02 0/!& D /! 0- =0 ! E , ;!0$C0 ! E $ 0/" 4=0$0 ! E .

@ ! 5 "!" !&"!" (! .. 205—207). &!C$DD #0 D 2&$ !"& .D 2&!C$ = #0 &2@= ;!0$C0= (III), %0 0- !@3 D2 D& .D %0!0 % = . 20 0=, $ /! 2 &$$@= %$ !"1 $&.%0 4%0 22&!C 0 2$0 0. $ & 0 .0. 2-D& 6—15 , # =& ! — 0%0 0 10 . & &$ & & 0 $ 3 .& =&$ !$@C 2& 2 /!0 .C0# 0;@ $0 /0 ! ..@/- $0=" /".

? 7 ) . , ! (1) 2&$ !"& .D 2&!C"A& $@= ;!0$C0= (2), %0 0!@3 0 C0# 0 2&!C$& 0 #0 &20 0 /0 /0# /!D=@= " 0=. & =&$ ! ./0 01&$ 2 2&!C$&2$" !&$$&= 0 #& & #0 , $ = & ;0 4A". 4 2&!C"A% , /0 $DD %"/0 / &2!@ $ & 4$" . 4 /&!$&3 !&;&!$03 /02&!C$0. #0 . T -4$0 .& =&$ /! &1 % 2&!C$&=" 0 #& " .! $$03 &$ , .$ " ./&! ! $ . /&!$ = .& =&$-0=, .$ " . # — . #$ = .& =&$ 0=.

8 ! (2) 2&$ !"& .D #$ = .& =&$ !$@= ;!0$C0= (2), %0 0!@3 $&!%0 0 C0# 0;K = . 20 0= . 2&!C"A& $@=, $0 ! ./0 & .D /0 2 0! 0$ 4$03 / 0.%0. $ /! 2 &$ %2&!- C", % # %$ !"1 . & =&$ 0;! "& #$ 3 . $0 $ !"1$@3 0 #& @ !&;&!$03 /02&!C$0. #0

#$ . 4 2&!C"A% , /! & D %0 II —IV !&;! =. $ ! $ ./&! = 4$0 . 2&!C"A& $@= .& =&$ 0=,

. # — /! & & % %0.03 =&1#0 &203 K& .

6 ! (3) 2&$ !"& .D /&!$ = .& =&$ !$@= ;!0$C0= (3), %0 0!@3 0 C0# %$ ", %/&! %$ !"1 0 #0 &20 0 &1 /0 0! 0$ 4$0. & =&$ .0. 2 D& /&!$ . 4 !&;&!$03.!. &$$03 /02&!C$0. , /! & D 0.$02 $ &= % /&!$&3 . &$%& !"#$03 % & % $ "!02$& I —IV !&;&!$@C C!DK&3. 2&!C" . # % $&=" /! &1 2&!C"A& $@3, .$ " — .!$DD #0 D, = 4$0 — 0! $@ /&!$& 0

.!. &$ D.

2&!C$&3 #0 & 2@#& D /0#=@A& $@3 .";.& =&$ , 2&$ !"&=@3 %!"/$03 2& 24 0 /&!$& 0 #$& 0

.& =&$ !$@C ;!0$C02, %0 0! D D2 D& .D $&/0.!. 2&$$@= /!0#0 1&$ &= 2&!C$& 0 #0 &20 0 ;!0$C . 0#- =@A& $@3 .";.& =&$ $ = & . 4 !&;&!$03 /02&!C$0. 2&!C$&3 #0 $ "!02$& /0#=@A& $03 2/ # - $@. $ /! &1 . # % %0.03, .$ " — % 0! 0$ 4$03 K& D=, 0 &. 4 ! ./0 & .D $ . @%& K& &3, $& #0C0#D #0 /&!$&3 #$&3 /02&!C$0. & %0 0.

! & # $ D D # 0 D 2&$ !"& .D .!$ = #0 &2@= ;!0$C0=, %0 0!@3 0 C0# 0 /&!$&3 . &$% $ 1$& 0 #0 &20 0 /0# 0. !@= " 0= $ 2,5—4 $ 1& 2&!C$& 0 #0 &20 0, $ /! 2 D& .D %/&! , . & % 0 % 0$DD.4 2$ %$ !"1 . $ & 0 1 , A ! $ #0 7 . !$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C (VI) #& .D $ #2 .& =&$ !$@C:

&! 4$@3 (;0%0203) (4) = 4$@3 (5).

/ 1 ! (4) $ C0# .D 2 #$&$ !"1$0= 0 #& & #0 , .0. 2 DD . 4 && !&;&!$03 /02&!C$0. $ "!02$& IV—V !&;&!. & =&$ /! &1 .2&!C" % /&!$&=" .& =&$ " 2&!C$&3 #0 , . # — % $ 1$&3 #0 &, ./&! = 4$0 — % = 4$0=" .& =&$ ", .$ !"1 .& =&$ 0;! "& !&;&!$" /02&!C$0. 4& %0 0 $ "!02$& IV—V !&;&! 2 /0#=@A& $03 0; . .

% 1 ! (5) .0. 2 D& $ & 4$" . 4 !&;&!$03 .!. &$$03 /02&!C$0. &3 #0 $ = & /&!$&$ 1$ 3 && 0 #& , .0/! % . & .D . /&!$&3 !"#$03 . &$%03 $ "!02$& IV—V !&;&!.

2&!C" 0 $& 0 $ C0# .D 2&!C$DD #0 D, . # .$ !"1 — &! 4$@3 (;0%0203) .& =&$ .!$&3 #0 ,

./&! — /&!$DD !"#$ D . &$% , .$ " — # E! = , . = 4$03 . 0!0$@ .& =&$ /! &1 % .&!#- B".

1 $ D D # 0 D 2&$ !"& .D $ 1$ = #0 &2@= ;!0$C0= (V), %0 0!@3 D2 D& .D /!0#0 1&$ &= 2$0- 0 . /0. &/&$$@= "=&$4A&$ &= % ;! 2 # . 4$0= $ /! 2 &$ . $ & 0 5—6 , # =& ! — 0%0 0 10. $ 1$& 0 #0 &20 0 ;!0$C , %!0=& .!$& 0 #0 &20 0, 0 C0#D .& =&$ !$@& ;!0$C . 0 D .0. 0 5

.& =&$ 02.

? 7 ) . , ! (6) 2&$ !"& .D 0#$0 =&$$@= %0!0 % = ;!0$C0= (6), 0 C0#DK = % # 0 #$&3 . &$% $ 1$& 0 #0 &20 0 ;!0$C , # $ & 0 $& /!&2@A & 5 . &!C"A& $@3 .& =&$ .0. 2 D& 2. 2&!C"A%" $ 1$&3 #0 0;! "& .!$ . 4 #$&3 !&;&!$03 /02&!C$0. & %0 0, .0/! % . D.4 . IV—VII !&;! = , . 4 .!. &$$03 /02&!C$0. % # 0 %0!$D & %0 0. /&! 0$ ! $ .

#$ = .& =&$ 0= 2&!C$&3 #0 , . # — . !"#$03 . &$%03, .$ " — . #$ = 0.$02$@= .& =&$ 0= $ 1$&3 #0 , . 2$" !&$$&3 . 0!0$@ /! &1 % #$&=" .!. &$ .

= 4$ D /02&!C$0. 4: 1 — ./! 2 , 2 — . &2 . 1 — 2&!C"A& $@3; 2 — #$ 3; 3 — /&!$ 3; CD — /0#=@A& $@3; 4 — &! 4$@3 (./! 2 ), 2&!C$ 3 D @ %02@3 (. &2 ); 5 — = 4$@3 (./! 2 ), $ 1$ 3 D @ %02@3 (. &2 ); 6 — 2&!C"A& $@3 $ 1$&3 #0 ; 7 — = 4$@3 (.&!#& $@3)

0.$02$03; 8 — /&!$ 3 0.$02$03; 9 — &! 4$@3 0.$02$03; 10 — #$ 3 0.$02$03.

.. 205 . C&= &.%0& 0;! 1&$ & .& =&$ 02 & % C 2 /&!$&3 ( ), #$&3 ( 3) , /! 203 ;0%0203 (2), &203 ;0%0203 ( ) /!0&%B DC.

! 20& & %0&. ? 7 ":1 — 2&!C"A& $@3, 2 — #$ 3, 3 — /&!$ 3. @ ": 4 — &! 4$@3, 5 — = 4$@3 A 2 ": 6 — 2&!C"A& $@3, 7 — = 4$@3 (.&!#& $@3) 0.$02$03, 8— /&!$ 3 0.$02$03, 9 — &! 4$@3 0.$02$03, 10 — #$ 3 0.$02$03.

&20& & %0&. ? 7 ": 1—2 — 2&!C"A& $0- #$ 3, — /&!$ 3, 4 — 2&!C$ 3 D @ %02@3,5— $ 1$ 3 D @ %02@3 A 2 ": 6 — 2&!C"A& $@3, 7 — = 4$@3 (.&!#& $@3) 0.$02$03 — $&/0. 0D$$@3, 8 - /&!$ 3 0.$02$03, 9 — &! 4$@3 0.$02$03, 10 — #$ 3 0.$02$03.

.. 206. !0$C0 ! == /! 20 0 & %0 0 2 /!D=03 /!0&%B .

I — ! C&D; II — /! 2@3 2$@3 ;!0$C. 0 &2@& ;!0$C : III — 2&!C$ 3, IV — $ 1$ 3, V— .!$ 3. & =&$ !$@& ;!0$C . &!C$DD #0 D: 1 — 2&!C"A& $@3; 2 — #$ 3; 3 — /&!$ 3. !$DD #0 D: 4 — &! 4$@3; 5 — = 4$@3. 1$DD #0 D: 6 — 2&!C"A& $@3; 7 — = 4$@3 (.&!- #& $@3) 0.$02$03; 8 — /&!$ 3 0.$02$03; 9 — &! 4$@3 0.$02$03; 10 — #$ 3 0.$02$03.

.. 207. !0$C0 ! == /! 20 0 & %0 0 2 ;0%0203 /!0&%B .

I — ! C&D, II — ! #20&$ & ! C& , III — /! 2@3 2$@3 ;!0$C, IV — /0/&!& $0& .& &$ & 2&!C$& 0 #0 &20 0 ;!0$C , V — $ 1$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C, VI — .!$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C. & =&$ !$@& ;!0$C . &!C$DD #0 D: 1 — 2&!C"A& $@3, 2 — #$ 3, 3 — /&!$ 3. !$DD #0 D: 4 — &! 4$@3, 5 — = 4$@3; $ 1$DD #0 D: 7 — = 4$@3 (.&!#& $@3) 0.$02$03, 8 — /&!$ 3 0.$02$03, 9 — &! 4$@3 0.$02$03, 10 — #$ 3 0.$02- $03.

2&! % 4$03 %0!0 %03 2& 2 , %0 0! D &1 %$" ! 0 $ 1$& 0 #0 &20 0 ;!0$C , /0 / ! & 4$0 %0$ "- !" .&!#B $ . 2 & .D $ &$4 .&!#B . 0 ! =&! = 0$ . =@3 = @3 /0 .! 2$&$ . 0. 4$@= 0.$02- $@= ;!0$C = . & =&$ ! $ /0 2$" !&$$&3 /02&!C$0. . .&!#B&= $ 1$&3 /0 03 2&$03, ./&! — .

= 4$@= .& =&$ 0= .!$&3 #0 , .$ !"1 — . /&!$ = &! 4$@=, . # — . #$ = 0.$02$@= .& - =&$ 0= $ 1$&3 #0 .

6 " " " ! (8 ) 2&$ !"& .D 0#$0 =&$$@= ;!0$C0= (8), %0 0!@3 $ $ - & .D 0 /&!$&$ !"1$03 . &$% $ 1$& 0 #0 &20 0, 0/".% & .D %!" 0 2$ , 0 % 0$D& .D %$ !"1 , ! ./0 - D.4 /0 20 E!0$ 4$03 / 0.%0. . _ 0 %!"/$@3 .& =&$ , .0. 2 D K 3 $ & 4$" . 4 # E! = 4- $03 /02&!C$0. & %0 0 $ = K 3 . $0 !&;&!$" & 0 /02&!C$0. 4 2 /0#=@A& $03 0; . $ "!02$& VI —VIII !&;&!. ! $ .& =&$ ./&! . &! 4$@= .& =&$ 0= .!$&3 #0 , . # — . $ !"1- $@= 0.$02$@= .& =&$ 0=.

/ 1 " " " ! ( 9 ) 2&$ !"& .D #0. 0 $0 %!"/$@= /0 ! =&! = ;!0$C0= (9), 0 C0#DK = $ 1,5 # . 4$&& /&!$& 0 0.$02$0 0, %0 0!@3 $ /! 2 D& .D 2$ , %$ !"1 % # , ! ./0 D.4 2 . 4$03 / 0.%0. . & =&$ $ = & $ !"1$0$ 1$ . 4 #0 2% $ 2 & .D =&1#" #!" = .& =&$ = %, 0 0.$02 $ & & 0 .0/! % . & .D . # E! =03, ! ./!0. ! $DD.4 % !&;&!$0-