4 курс / Лучевая диагностика / Rentgenanatomia_organov_grudnoy_kletki

2 #$@3 &!/ 02 #$@& C!DK . $ " /&!. $&2 #$@3 C!DK .2D $ . ! C&&3 /0.!. 20= /&!. $&-

! C& 4$3 .2D % , lig cricotracheale.

# 0! $$ %, epiglottis, /0 E0!=& $ /0= $ & . 0%, ."1 2 K 3.D %$ " 2 2 #& . &;& 4% , %0 0!@3 /! %!&/ D& .D % 2$" !&$$&3 /02&!C$0. 2&!C$& 0 %! D K 02 #$0 0 C!DK .

# 0! $$ % 0 & .D 0 #!" C C!DK&3 0! $ .20&3 =D %0. 4 , R . $0. 4 . &!$DD /02&!C$0. 4 & 0 0;! K&$ % D @%", #$DD — % /0 0. 4 0! $ . /&! 0 $ # 0! $$ % " %0!$D D @% $ C0#D .D D=% $ # 0! $$ % , valleculae epiglottis, 0 #& &$$@& #!" 0 #!" " #& %03. T&1#" ;0%02@= %! D= $ # 0! $- $ % &!/ 02 #$@= C!DK = ! ./0 .D &!/ 0-$ # 0! $$@& .% #% , plicae aryepiglotticae.

k&!/ 02 #$@& C!DK , cartilagines arytenoidea, /0 E0!=& $ /0= $ !&C ! $$" / ! = #", ! ./0 01&- $@ . ==& ! $0 $ 2&!C$& #$&= %! & / . $% /&!. $&2 #$0 0 C!DK . /&!$&2$" !&$$ = " = C 0.- $02 $ D /! %!&/ D .D 0 0.02@& .2D % , % &$$@& 2 0 0.02@C .% #% C. T&1 &!/ 02 #$0& /!0-

. ! $. 20 2@/0 $&$0 =@AB = 0! $ .

01%02 #$@& C!DK , cartilagines corniculatae, =& %0$".02 #$" E0!=", = @& ! =&!@, ! ./0 -

.D $ 2&!C"A% C &!/ 02 #$@C C!DK&3 $0 # .! K&$@ . $ = .

$02 #$@& C!DK , cartilagines cuneiformia, / 0 %02 #$03 E0!=@, & 2 &!/ 0-$ # 0! $$@C

.% #% C.

0 0. 4 0! $ , cavum laryngis, /0 E0!=& $ /0= $ & /&.0 $@& .@. C0# 2 0! $4, aditus laryngis, 0 - ! $ &$ ./&! $ # 0! $$ %0=, . ;0%02 — &!/ 0-$ # 0! $$@= .% #% = , . # — 2&!C"A% = &!- / 02 #$@C C!DK&3. ;0%" /0# &!/ 0-$ # 0! $$@= .% #% = $ C0#D .D !"A&2 #$@& % != $@ 0 -

% , recessus piriformis. $ " 0 2C0# 2 0! $4 ! ./0 01&$0 /!#2&! & 0! $ , vestibulum laryngis, /&!&C0-

#DK&& 2 K& 4 /!#2&! D, rima vectibuli, 0;! 02 $$" /!#2&!$@= .% #% = , plicae vestibularis. 0# $ = ! ./0 .D 0 0.02@& .% #% , %0 0!@& ;&!" $ 0 0 2$" !&$$&3 /02&!C$0. / . $0% K 02 #$0 0 C!DK /! %!&/ D .D . # % 0 0.02@= 0 !0. % = &!/ 02 #$@C C!DK&3. $ C 20—22 " ="1 $, 18—20 — " 1&$K $. T&1#" 0 0.02@= .% #% = ! ./0 & .D 0 0.02 D K& 4, rima glottidis. !#2&!- $@& 0 0.02@& .% #% $ &! 4$@C . &$% C 0! $ 0 ! $ 2 % != $00;! $@& " "; &$ D — 1& "- #0 % 0! $ , ventriculi laryngis, %0 0!@& $ /! 2 &$@ $&.%0 4%0 %2&!C", #& % $ 2 .D =&A0 % = 0! - $ , sacculi laryngis. T&1#" 0 0.02@= .% #% = ! C&&3 ! ./0 & .D /0# 0 0.02 D /0 0. 4, cavum infraglotticum.

$$&!2 B D 0! $ 0."K&. 2 D& .D 2& 2D= ; "1# K& 0 $&!2 : 2&!C$ = 0! $$@=, /. laryngeus superior, 20 2! $@= 0! $$@= $&!2 = , n. laryngeus reccurens. &2 20 2! $@3 0! $$@3 $&!2 0 - C0# 0 ; "1# K& 0 $ "!02$& #" 0! @, ./! 2 — $ "!02$& /0#% $03 ! &! . &2@3 20 2! $@3 0! $$@3 $&!2 0 ; & 0! " .$ " . # , /0#$ = D.4 %2&!C" 2 1& 0;%& =&1#" ! C&&3 / K&20#0=, 0 # & = =$0 0 . &$$@& 2& 2 , 0% $ 2 D.4 $ 1$ = 0! $$@= $&!20=, n. laryngeus inferior. 1$ 3 0!-$$@3 $&!2 $$&!2 !"& 2.& =@AB@ 0! $ .% &$ &= /&!. $&-K 02 #$03 , %!0=& #2 & 4$@C, .0- #&!1 "2. 2 & 4$@& 20 0%$ .

! /0! 1&$ 20 2! $0 0, 0! $$0 0 & 0 2& 2 — $ 1$& 0 0! $$0 0 $&!2 20 $ % / !

0! $ , 0 =01& D2 4.D 0#$ = /! $ %02 =&$&$ 3 2 2&!C$&= .!. &$ (.# 2 &$ & $&!202 "2& -&$$@= =E &.% = " = 0/"C0 4 , 20./ & 4$@& !";B02@& =&$&$ D 2 % & %& .!. &- $ D).

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( " 3. !&$ &$0 ! ==& 2 /!D=03 /!0&%B !&$ &$0 $ 0= &.% 3 $ 0! $ !"#- $&$ - /!0&%B 0$$0 0 ."== !02 $ D . &$4 A&3$@C /0 20$%02.

) 3. &$ &$0 ! E D 0! $ 2 ;0%0203 /!0&%B /0 20 D& " 4 /&!$ #$

. &$% 0! $ . &$&20& 0;! 1&$ & /0 /0 $0. 4 .00 2& . 2"& $ 0= &.%0=" .! $$0=" . 4- $0=" ! !& " 0! $ (! .. 189). !&$ &$0 ! ==& 0! $ 2 ;0%0203 /!0&%B 2 #$@ A&3$@& /0 20$% (1)."!02$& II A&3$0 0 /0 20$% ! ./0 & .D 0.$02 $ & $ 1$&3 & . (2), .00 2& . 2&$$0 "!02$ III A&3- $0 0 /0 20$% — /0#YD @ $ D %0. 4 . ;0 4A = !0 = (3). 0 #"C 2 0! $ 0 %& .0 # & ". 02 D # D0;! 1&$ D $ 0= &.% C 0;! 02 $ 3 0! $ .

.. 189. &$ &$0 ! == 0! $ 2 ;0%0203 0=0 ! == 2 #$&3 /!0&%B DC.

1 — A&3$@& /0 20$% ; 2 — 0.$02 $ & $ 1$&3 & . ; 3 — /0#YD @ $ D %0. 4; 4 — /!/0 20$0 $@& =D % & % $ ; 5 — D=% $ # 0! $$ % ; 6 — $ # 0! $$ %; 7 — &!/ 0-$ # 0! $$@& .% #% ; 8 — /!#2&! & 0! $ ; 9 — 0 0.02@& .% #% ; 10 — 1& "#0 % 0! $ ; 11 — /0# 0 0.02 D /0-0. 4; 12 — !"A&2 #$@& % != $@; 13 — / . $% K 02 #$0 0 C!DK ; 14 — /&!. $&2 #$@3 C!DK; 15 — ! C&D; 16 — /!#2&!$@& .% #% .

b #$DD . &$% 0 % 0! $ 0;! 02 $ =D % = % $D= , # K = &$ 02 #$" /!/0 20$0 $"&$4 (4). $0!=& A ! $ && $ "!02$& I—IV A&3$@C /0 20$%02 ! 2$0=&!$ D, $& /!&2@A & 3—5 , %0$ "!

!02$@3, & % 3. "!02$& IV—V

A&3$0 0 /0 20$% , .00 2& . 2&$$0

! ./0 01&$ &!/ 02 #$@C C!D-

K&3, A ! $ =D % C % $&3 ". "/0-

0;! $0 "2& 2 & .D, #0. D

12—16 .

.. 190. &$ &$0 ! ==@ 0! $ 2 ;0%0203 /!0&%B . &$ &$02.%0& 0;! 1&$ & C!D- K&3 0! $ " B ! $0 0 20 ! . (

— 3 0# , 3 — 40 & , — 60 & ).

1 - K 02 #$@3 C!DK; 2—2&!C$ & !0 K 0- 2 #$0 0 C!DK ; 3 — $ 1$ & !0 K 02 #$0 0 C!DK ; 4 — &!/ 02 #$@& C!DK ; 5— /&!. - $&2 #$@3 C!DK; 6 — C!DK ! C& .

&!$DD . &$% 0! $ $ $ - & .D " %0!$D D @% , %0$ "! %0 0!0 0 / 2$0 /&!&C0# 2 %0$ "! D=0% $ #- 0! $$ % (5). 0. $ & . # 0 - ! $ &$@ &/&. %0= $ # 0! $$ %

(6). 2&!C"A% $ # 0! $$ % % -

# % 2&!C"A% = &!/ 02 #$@C C!DK&3 #" #2& 0$% & &!/ 0- $ # 0! $$@& .% #% (7). !#2&!- $@& .% #% (16) 0 ! $ 2 .2&!- C", 0 0.02@& (9) .$ " # .%02 #- $03 E0!=@ 0! 0$ 4$0 ! ./0 0- 1&$$0& & %0 0 &! &$$0& /!0.2& -&$ &, 0;". 02 &$$0& 1& "#0 - % = 0! $ (10). k . 4 0! $ , /!0&B !" K D.D =&1#" &!/ 0- $ # 0! $$03 /!#2&!$03 .% #- % = , .00 2& . 2"& /!#2&! 0! $ . 0# 0 0.02@= .% #- % = $ C0# .D /0# 0 0.02 D /0-0. 4 (11), %0 0! D %$ " / 2$0 ! .A !D& .D /&!&C0# 2 ! 2$0=&!$0&

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

$ &$. 2$@& . ==& ! $@& 2@. "/@ 2 /!0.2& & 0! $ , ! ./0 01&$$@& #!" $ # #!" 0=, 0 ! 1 /!- #2&!$@& (16) 0 0.02@& (9) .% #% . T&1#" "% $$@= .% #% = % &$@ /!0.2& &$ D, 0;". 02 &$- $@& 1& "#0 % = 0! $ (10). & 20 2 #$ /0# 0 0.02 D /0 0. 4 (11) 2 2 #& ! .A !D K& 0.D %$ " /!0.2& &$ D, /&!&C0#DK& 0 2 ! C& (15). $ D . 16—17 & 2. . 2 & 0;@ 2&. 2 &$ D K 02 #$0 0 (13) /&!. $&2 #$0 0 C!DK&3 (14) $ E0$& 20 #"A$0 0 . 0 ; 0! $ /0D2 D& .D $&! 2$0=&!$0&, @; -03 . !"% "!@ &=$&$ &, "C"#A K&& # EE&!&$B !02 $$0& 0;! 1&$ & /!#2&!$@C 0 0.02@C .% - #0%, %1& 1& "#0 %02 0! $ . 0 ! . $@& 0.0;&$$0. !&$ &$0 0 &.%0 0 0;! 1&$ D 0! $ /!-

. 2 &$@ $ ! .. 190.

.. 191. 0;! 1&$ & ! C& 2$@C ;!0$C02.

— &2 D /&!$DD %0. D /!0&%B D; ; — ;0%02 D /!0&%B D; — 0=0 ! == ! C&0-;!0$C 4$0 0 . 0D; ! — ! C&0;!0$C0 ! == . 1 — ! C&D; 2 — ! #20&$ & ! C& ; 3 — /! 2@3 2$@3 ;!0$C;4 — &2@3 2$@3 ;!0$C.

# & ) 6 7 #

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! C&D, trachea, #@C & 4$0& 0! 0, D2 D& .D $&/0.!. 2&$$@= /!0#0 1&$ &= 0! $ . $ $ $ & .D $ "!02$& VI—VII A&3$0 0 /!0#0 1 & .D #0 "!02$D V—VI !"#$0 0 /0 20$%02, =&& 2 # B $#! &.%03!";% , $&.%0 4%0 "/ 0K&$$03 . # . $ ! C& 2 ! $@& 20 ! . $@& /&! 0#@ .0. 2 D& 9—15 , A ! $ && — 15—20 . ! C&D .0. 0 16—20 ! C&3$@C C!DK&3, /!. 2 D K C .0;03 $02@& /0 "%0 4B , .0 $&$$@& =&1#" .0;03 %0 4B&2@= .2D % = , ligg. anularia. 1#@3 ! C&3$@3 C!DK /!0. - ! & .D A4 $ #2& !& && 0%!"1$0. . 0 #$&3 /02&!C$0. ! C&3$@& C!DK .0 $&$@ 20 0%$ . 03

.0 $ & 4$03 % $4 , 0;! " K&3 /&!&/0$ " . &$%", paries membranaceus, ! C& .

%0& . !0&$ & 0;&./& 2 & ! C&& $ & 4$" /0# 20. 4, ./0.0;$0. 4 ; 4.D "# $D 4.D.! C&D 0%!"1&$ !@C 03 % & %03 & %0 .=&K & .D 2 . 0!0$@ /! /020!0 C 0 02@. $" ! 0$ 2@. - $ . . 03 0;0 0 %03, /0%!@ 03 =&!B & 4$@= R/ & &=. /0#. . 0= . 0& ! C& 2 ;0 4A0= %0 &-

. 2& ! ./0 .D .=&A $$@& . . @& 1& & @, 2@20#$@& /!0 0% %0 0!@C 0 %!@2 .D $ /02&!C$0. R/ & D.

. 02$0 ! C& #& D $ A&3$@3 !"#$03 0 #& @. ! $ B =&1#" $ = $ C0# .D $ "!02$& 2&!C$& 0 0 - 2&!. D !"#$03 % & % . 8 + " 0 #& & % ! C&& /! &1 ./&! /&!&A&&% K 02 #$03 1& & @, /0 ;0- % = 0 $&& ! ./0 .D 0;K & .0$$@& ! &! . !"#$0= 0 #& & % ;0%02@= /02&!C$0. D= ! C& /! &1 %!"/$@& .0."#@ (#" 0! @ / & &- 0 02$03 . 20 ), =E &.% & " @, ./&! — 2 0 %02 D 1& & .

#$&3 /&!&/0$ 03 . &$%& A&3$0 0 !"#$0 0 0 #& ! C& /! &1 / K&20#.

"!02$& V—VI !"#$@C /0 20$%02 ! C&D #& .D $ #2 2$@C ;!0$C , 0;! "D 2 %" ! #20&$ &, bifurcatio tracheae. 2$" !&$$&3 /02&!C$0. ! C& /0 .! $$03 $ /&! && #& &$ &= $ ;!0$C 0;! -"& .D !&;&$4, %0 0!@3 $ @2 & .D ! C&3$03 A/0!03, carina tracheae. #20&$ & ! C& $ /! 2@3 &2@32$@& ;!0$C /!0 .C0# /0# " 0=, 2& $ %0 0!0 0 2 ! $@C 20 ! . $@C !"// C %0 &; & .D 2 /!& C 35—100°, "2& 2 D.4 /0. &/&$$0 . 20 ! . 0=.

& $ " ! #20&$ D ! C& 0;". 02 &$ %0$. "B 0$ 4$@= 0.0;&$$0. D= : " . &$ %02 0$ =&$4- A&, " / %$ %02 — ;0 4A&. !0=& 0 0, " 0 ! #20&$ D ! C& =&$D& .D /! ! $@C E C #@C $ D: "=&$4A & .D /! ";0%0= 2#0C&, "2& 2 & .D /! 2@#0C&.

( )6+ & ) 6+ 7 #, bronchus principalis dexter, 0 C0#D 0 ! C& , 0;! "& .0 .! $$03 / 0.%0. 4 " 0 2 12—40°. $ & 0 %0 &; & .D 0 10 #0 40 ( K& 20—30 ), A ! $ .0. 2 D& 12—16 . &2@32$@3 ;!0$C, bronchus principalis sinister, 0;! "& .0 .! $$03 / 0.%0. 4 " 0 23—60°. &!%0 $ - ; # & .D 0# $ %02 D 2& $ " 02 0 C01#&$ D 0;0 C ;!0$C02. )6+ & ) 6+ 7 #, 0 03#D 0 ! C& , "=&!&$$0 #" 00;! $0 0 % 0$D& .D %$ " % # . $ & 0 .0. 2 D& 50—70 ( K& 45—50 ), A ! - $ 11—14 . % = 0;! 0=, /! 2@3 2$@3 ;!0$C A !& %0!0 & &20 0, ! ./0 01&$ ;0 && 2&! % 4$0, D2 DD.4 % % ;@ /!0#0 1&$ &= ! C& . ; 2$@C ;!0$C $ /! 2 D .D % 20!0 = .00 2& . 2" K& 0 & %0 0, #& #& D .D $ #0 &2@& ;!0$C , 0/ . $ & %0 0!@C ;"#& /!. 2 &$0 2 ! #& & « & % &». . D 0;0 0 %2$@C ;!0$C02 /0 .20&=" . !0&$ $ 0 $ . . 03 ! C& .

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" &$ & ! C& 2$@C ;!0$C02 /!020# .D /0 # $$@= !&$ &$0 ! ==, 0=0 ! == %0$ ! . $0 0 .-

. $ D (! .. 191). $ =% /!0 20#D .D 2 /!D=03, %0.03 ;0%0203 /!0&%B DC. 0.%0 4%" 2 /!D=03 /!0- &%B ! C&D 2$@& ;!0$C /!0&%B 0$$0 .02/ # . .&!#& $0.0."# . 03 &$4 , A&3$@= !"#$@= /0 20$% = , B& &.00;! $0 /! ;& 4 % /&!&R%./0$ !02 $$@= .$ =% =.

( " 3. !&$ &$0 ! == C 2 /!D=03 /!0&%B ! C&D (1) 0/!& D& .D .00 2& . 2&$$0 .!&-

# $$03 / 0.%0. $&.%0 4%0 2/! 20 0 $&& $ E0$& /0 20$0 $0 0 . 0 ; 2 2 #& /!0#0 4$0 ! ./0 01&$- $03 /0 0.@ /!0.2& &$ D . !02$@= & % = %0$ "! = A ! $03 15—27 . 0 4A & ! =&!@ ! C& , ! 2$0 % % #!" C 0;! 02 $ 3, /0 .! 2$&$ . $ 0= &.% = # $$@= , 0;". 02 &$@ /!0&%B 0$$@= "2& &- $ &=. "!02$& #" 0! @ ! C&D "=&!&$$0 0 % 0$D& .D 2/! 20, $ &203 . &$%& && =&& .D $&;0 4A0& 2# 2-&$ & 0 0! @, %0 0!0& /0. &/&$$0 "2& 2 & .D /0 =&!& ! 2 D &!0= 0 /0. $&3. 0$ "!@! C& 2 2 #& ./ 0A$03 $ 0;". 02 &$@ 2$" !&$$&3 /02&!C$0. 4 && . &$% , $ !"1$ D /02&!C$0. 4 $& 2 #$ , % % % . 2 & .D . 0%!"1 K = % $D= .!. &$ D. EE&!&$B !02 $$0& 0;! 1&$ & ! C&3- $@C C!DK&3 20 $ % & /0 =&!& C 0;@ 2&. 2 &$ D (! .. 228). $ " $ "!02$& ! #20&$ D ! C& (2) .2& D /0 0. && 0 ! $ &$ ! C&3$03 A/0!03, 2# K&3.D 2 /!0.2& ! C& 2 2 #& % $ , =& K& 0 %" 1& $-&$. 2$0. 4, % % . &$% ! C& .

$ !"1 %$ " 0 # . 4$0 0 0 #& ! C& ! ./0 .D 2$@& ;!0$C (3, 4). !&$ &$02.%0=0;! 1&$ 0$ /!0&B !" .D $ "!02$& .! $$03 &$ 0;! " /0 0.@ /!0.2& &$ D, 0 C0#DK & 2 . 0-

) 3. !&$ &$0 ! == C 2 ;0%0203 /!0&%B ! C&D ! ./0 & .D /! =&!$0 $ 2—-3 %/&! 0 /0 20$0 $0 0 . 0 ; . E!0$ 4$03 / 0.%0. ! C&D 0 % 0$D& .D % # /0# " 0= 5—12°. &-

$ " 2 . 0 %0$. "B ; " B / %$ &.%0 0 & 0. 01&$ D " 0 0 % 0$&$ D ;0 4A&. .0;&$$0. 4 /0 01&$ D ! C& $&0;C0# =0 " @2 4 /! /0. 03$0= .. $ . D /0 " &$ D 0;! 1&$ D ! C&2$@C ;!0$C02 $ 0#$0= /0. 03$0= .$ =%& $&0;C0# =0 /! # 4 ;0 4$0=" %0& /0 01&$ &, /! %0 0!0=! C&D ! ./0 .4 ;@ 2 0! 0$ 4$03 / 0.%0. / ! & 4$0 / 0.%0. % ..& @. _ 0 #0. & .D /0#% - #@2 $ &= $&;0 4A0 0 2 % /0# /0D.$ $" 0; . 4.

&!$ 3 #$ 3 %0$ "!@ !"#$0 0 0 #& ! C& & % & ! ./0 01&$@ / ! & 4$0, #$ 3 %0$ "!

.00 2& . 2&$$0 /&!&/0$ 03 . &$%& /!D=03, /&!$ 3 $&.%0 4%0 20 $ . @3, 0 0;". 02 &$0 ! C&3$@= C!DK = . &!$& #$ 3 ! =&! ! C& ! 2&$ 17—25 .

! E"$%B 0$ 4$@C #@C & 4$@C /!0; C (E = %. = 4$0 0 2#0C 2@#0C ) 0/!& D& .D "=&$4A&$ & && /&!$& #$& 0 ! =&! $ 2@#0C& 2 !& " 4 & /!0 ; %/&! /&!&/0$ 03 . &$% ! C& . 2#0C&! C&D ! .A !D& .D 2 .2D . &=, 0 #$DD . &$% && . $02 .D ;0 && 2@/"% 03.

$ 1$&3 ! $ B@ #" 0! @ .00 2& . 2&$$0 ! #20&$ /!0.2& ! C& $&.%0 4%0 ."1 2 & .D. T&1#"#$&3 . &$%03 ! C& /&!$&3 /02&!C$0. 4 & 2&!C$ C !"#$@C /0 20$%02 $ C0# .D % $ @2 &=0& !& !0 ! C& 4$0& /!0. ! $. 20. 0. $&& /!. 2 D& .0;03 /0 0." ! 2$0=&!$0 0 /!0.2& &$ D A ! $03 0%0 0 2 , 0;". 02 &$$" /!0&%B &3 & 0 $03 % $ .

2$@& ;!0$C 2 ;0%0203 /!0&%B 2 2 #& /0 0.@ /!0.2& &$ D, /0. &/&$$0 ."1 2 K&3.D %$ ", ! .- /0 .D /0 /!0#0 1&$ ! C& , /!0&%B 0$$0 "%0!0 &$@, $ . 2 .D #!" $ #!" ! .C0#D .D /0# 0. !@= " 0=. !D#& . " &2 # . 4$&& ! C& 0/!& D .D #2 %0 4B&2 #$@C 02 4$03 E0!=@ /!0-

.2& &$ D =&$4A& 0 # =& ! , &= /!0.2& ! C& . @A& &1 K&& /!0.2& &$ & 0;". 02 &$0 /0/&!& $@= .& &- $ &= /! 20 0 2&!C$& 0 #0 &20 0 ;!0$C , ! ./0 01&$$0& $ 1& — &2@= 2$@= 2&!C$ = #0 &2@= ;!0$C = , 2/ .@2 K = .D #!" 2 #!" . #& 4$0& 0;! 1&$ & 2$@C ;!0$C02 ;0 && 0 & 20 0/!&-D& .D $ !&$ &$0 ! == C 2 %0.@C /!0&%B DC.

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"

& % &, pulmones, / !$@3 0! $, 0."K&. 2 D K 3 E"$%B 2$&A$& 0 #@C $ D. 1#0& & %0& =&& E0!- =" %0$". , 0.$02 $ & %0 0!0 0 &1 $ # E! =&, %!" &$$ D 2&!C"A% ! ./0 & .D $ 3—4 2@A& I !&;! , 0 .00 2& . 2"& "!02$ VII A&3$0 0 /0 20$% . & %0= ! . " K & /02&!C$0-

. (! .. 192): 2@/"% " !&;&!$" , facies costalis (1), 20 $" @& — # E! = 4$" , facies diaphragmatica (2), = 4$" , facies medialis (3), %0 0!@& /&!&C0#D 0#$ 2 #!" " . T 4$ D /0- 2&!C$0. 4 .0. 0 /0 20$0 $03 . , pars vertebralis, .!. &$$03, pars mediastinalis. = 4$03 /02&!C$0. & %0 0 ./&! =&& .D .&!#& $0& 2# 2 &$ &, impressio cardiaca. &2 R 0 2# 2 &$ & ;0 && "- ;0%0& $0. $ 2 $ & .&!#& $03 2@!& % , incisura cardiaca pulmonis sinistri. B&$ ! 4$0= 0 #& & = 4$03 /02&!C$0. , $&.%0 4%0 % # %2&!C", =&& .D !0=;02 #$03 02 4$03 E0!=@ " "; &$ & — 20!0 & %0- 0, hilus pulmonis (5), &!& %0 0!@& /!0C0#D ;!0$C , & 0 $@& ! &! 2&$@, ;!0$C 4$@& ! &! 2&- $@, %1& & =E &.% & " @ 1 !02 D % & % . / . $$@& $ 0= &.% & 0;! 02 $ D .0-

. 2 D %0!&$4 & %0 0, radix pulmonis.

=&. & /&!&C0# !&;&!$03 2 = 4$" /02&!C$0. 4 & % C 0;! "& .D /&!$ 3 %! 3, margo anterior (6), !&;&!$03 2 # E! = 4$" — $ 1$ 3 %! 3, margo inferior (7). ! D & % C 0. !@&. &!$ & %! D 0;0 C & % C $ "!02$& & !"# $@ ! ./0 .D . ==& ! $0 $ ! $0= ! .. 0D$ 0 .! $$03$ . $0 # 0$% & /&!$ & %! D 0;0 C & % C C0#D .! $$" $ /&!&%!@2 #!" #!" . _ $ 0= &.% & 0.0;&$$0. /0 01&$ D /&!$ C %! &2 & % C $&0;C0# =0 " @2 4 /! " 0 $&$ 0% -

B / 0 0 &.%0 0 /!0B&.. .

& % & 0%!"1&$@ / &2!03, 2 %0 0!03 ! /! . &$0 $" , pleura parietalis, & 0 $" , pleura pulmonalis. T&1#" /! . &$0 $03 & 0 $03 / &2!03 0;! "& .D /0 0. 4 / &2!@, cavum pleurae.

0/0 ! E &.% /! . &$0 $ D / &2! .0. 0 /&!&C0#DK C #!" 2 #!" 0 #& 02: %"/0 / &2!@, !&;&!- $ D, # E! = 4$ D .!. &$$ D / &2! .

.. 192. ."$0% /!&/ ! & % C ( , 3, , ! — /0 . 02 " 3. n&;&%", , — /0 . . 0!0;4&2").

1 — !&;&!$ D /02&!C$0. 4; 2 — # E! = 4$ D /02&!C$0. 4; 3 — = 4$ D /02&!C$0. 4; 4 — .&!#& $ D 2@!& % ; 5 — 20!0 & %0 0; 6 — /&- !$ 3 %! 3; 7 — $ 1$ 3 %! 3: 8 — %0. D K& 4; 9 — 0! 0$ 4$ D K& 4; 10 — 2&!C$DD #0 D; 11 — .!$DD #0 D; 12 — $ 1$DD #0 D; 13 — &- 0 $ D .2D % ; 14 — & 0 $ D ! &! D; 15 — & 0 $@& 2&$@; 16 — ;!0$C; 17 — 2# 2 &$ & 0 !"#$03 0! @.

"/0 / &2!@, cupula pleurae, ! ./0 01&$ $ # 2&!C"A%03 & %0 0 2 0; . 2&!C$& 0 0 2&!. D !"#- $03 % & % C0# $ 3—4 2@A& I !&;&!$0 0 C!DK . H %. B D %"/0 / &2!@ 0."K&. 2 D& .D / 0 $@=

.0 $ & 4$0 % $$@= /" % = , 2/ & K = .D 20 2$" !&$$ E .B !"#$03 % & % .

&;&!$ D / &2! , pleura costalis, 2@. & 2$" !&$$ /02&!C$0. 4 . &$% !"#$03 % & % . 2$" !&$$&3 E .B /! . &$0 $ D / &2! 0 #& D& .D . 0&= 1 !0203 % & % , $&! 2$0=&!$0 2@! 1&$$03 2 ! $@C 0 #& C !"#$03 % & % .

E! = 4$ D / &2! , pleura diaphragmatica, /0%!@2 & # E! =" .% &$ &= ."C01 4$0 0 B&$-! ./&! , #& # E! = .! K&$ . /&! % !#0=.

!. &$$ D / &2! , pleura mediastinalis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lig. pulmonale (13). & 0 $ D .2D % #& .!. &$$" . 4 / &2! 4$03 /0 0. $ /&!$ 3 #$ 3 0 #& @.

=&. C /&!&C0# 0#$03 /02&!C$0. /! . &$0 $03 / &2!@ 2 #!" " 0;! " .D / &2! 4$@& " "; &$ D, 0 &. 4 / .$@& /!0. ! $. 2 /0 0. / &2!@. $ ! ./0 01&$@ 2 =&. C, .00 2& . 2" K C %! D=& % C, #& ! $ B@ & %0 0 /! . &$0 $03 / &2!@ $& .02/ # .

C!DK&3. &2 %0. D K& 4 $ $ & .D $ 0# $ /0 20$0% 2@A& #& ;0 && 0 2&.$0, 0$ #& % 1#0& & %0& $

7 ++, lobus superior (10), 2 ++, lobus inferior (12), #0 . 0! 0$ 4$ D K& 4 /! 20 0 & %0 0 $ $ -

& .D 0 /0#=@A& $03 $ $ "!02$& III—IV =&1!&;&!$0 0 /!0. ! $. 2 , ! ./0 01&$ /0 2 0! 0$-

4$03 / 0.%0. #0C0# #0 %0!$D & %0 0. $ 0 ! $ 2 & 0 2&!C$&3 #0 /! 20 0 & %0 0 % $0-

2 #$@3 " . 0%, 0;! " K 3 ++ #0 , lobus medius (11).

% = 0;! 0=, 2 /! 20= & %0= =& .D ! #0 : 2&!C$DD, .!$DD $ 1$DD; 2 &20= — #2& #0 : 2&!C$DD $ 1$DD.

!D#" . /0 $03 2@! 1&$$0. 4 =&1#0 &2@C K& &3 $ 2.&= C /!0 D1&$ 2. !& & .D $&/0 $ D K& 4,

# $ %0 0!03 =01& ;@ 4 =&$&& /0 02 $@ 0;@ $03.

!0=& "% $$@C K& &3, D2 D K C.D /0. 0D$$@= , 2 & % C 2. !& .D $&/0. 0D$$@&, #0; 20 $@& K& , %0 0!@& 0;! " #0; 20 $@& #0 .

8 ", lobus posterior, 0;! "& .D /! $ #0; 20 $03 0! 0$ 4$03 K& , 0 #& D K&3 2&!- C"A%" $ 1$&3 #0 . /! 20= & %0= #$DD #0 D 2. !& & .D 2 19%, 2 &20= — 2 2% . " &2.

9&" " , ", lobus paracardiacus,— !&" 0 4$03 E0!=@ " . 0% $ 1$&3 #0 , 0.$02 $ & %0 0!0 0&1 $ # E! =&, 2&!C"A% — " %0!$D & %0 0. %0 0.&!#& $ D #0 D $ ; # & .D ./! 2 2 5—20%,

. &2 — 2 1 %.

: ,&" ", lobus lingularis, D @ 0%, lingula pulmonalis sinistri,— /&!$&$ 1$DD . 4 2&!C$&3 #0 &20 0 & %0 0 $ "!02$& .&!#& $03 2@!& % . $ 0 #& &$ 0 /&!$& 0 0 #& 2&!C$&3 #0 #0; - 20 $03 /&!$&3 0! 0$ 4$03 K& 4 , %0 0! D 2. !& & .D 2 45% . " &2 =01& ;@ 4 2@! 1&$ /0 $0-

. 4 . $0. % $$ D K& 4 =&& /! =&!$0 %0& 1& ! ./0 01&$ &, % % 0! 0$ 4$ D K& 4 /! 20 0 & %0 0 &1 $&.%0 4%0 %0.0.

;" 5 " , lobus venae azygos, 0 #& &$ #0; 20 $03 K& 4 0 = 4$03 . 2&!C$&3 #0

./! 2 . ;! 02 $ & && .2D $0 . $0= &3 /0 01&$ D $&/ !$03 2&$@. ;@ $0 2 /!0B&..& R=;! 0 &$& $&/ !- $ D 2&$ , 2/ # K D 2 #$ . &$%" 2&!C$&3 /0 03 2&$@, .0.% 4 @2 & . 2&!C"A% & %0 0 /0 & 0 = 4- $03 /02&!C$0. 0/".% & .D 2$ . ! $0= /0 01&$ D $&/ !$ D 2&$ /0 =&!& 0/".% $ D .&!#B .0."# .-0 0 /" % 2$!D& .D 2 & %0&, "2 &% D .0;03 /! . &$0 $" & 0 $" / &2!" 0 A$"!02@2 & = 4- $" . 4 2&!C$&3 #0 . % = 0;! 0=, #0; 20 $ D #0 D 0 ! $ &$ & @!4=D . % = / &2!@. 0 D $&/ !- $03 2&$@ 2. !& & .D 2 0,5—1%.

& 0 $ D /! . &$0 $ D / &2! 2 $0!=& 2/ 0 $" /! &1 #!" % #!" ". % D K& 4, ."K&. 2" K D =&1#" $ = ,— /0 0. 4 / &2!@ 0; # & .203. 2 = % / D!$0. . $&3 $ C0# .D $&;0 4A0& %0 &. 20 1 #%0. (10—20 ), /! ." . 2 & %0 0!03 0;&./& 2 & / 2$0. 4 .%0 41&$ D & %0 0 /! #@C $ .

!0&$ & /! . &$0 $0 0 & 0 $0 0 . %02 / &2!@ ! $0. . " R 0 0 0; . % 0; # $&0# $ - %0203 2@#& & 4$03 2. .@2 K&3 E"$%B &3: 2 & 0 $03 / &2!& .0 # .D ; 0/! D $@& ". 02 D # D! $.."# B , 2 /! . &$0 $03 — # D !& 0!;B 1 #%0. .

2 &$ & 2 /0 0. / &2!@ =&$4A& =0.E&!$0 0 $ 2& $" # 2 &$ D, %0 0!0& 0;". 02 &$0 R . &-

.%03 D 03 & %0 0. . /! $D 4 =0.E&!$0& # 2 &$ & $" &203 "!02&$4 0 . & , 2.& 2& $@, &1 K & $ 1& =0.E&!$0 0, =01$0 /! $D 4 ". 02$0 0 ! B & 4$@®. 0 4%0 2 R 0= .=@. & # 2 &$ & 2 /0 0. / &2!@ 0;0 $ & .D % % 0 ! B & 4$0&, =&D 2 2 #", 0 2 $0!=& 0$0 2.& # $ 1& =0.E&!$0 0.

& $ # 2 &$ D $ 2.&= /!0 D1&$ /0 0. / &2!@ $&0# $ %02 . ! B & 4$0& # 2 &$ & $ ! . &

.2&!C" 2$ .00 2& . 2&$$0 "2& &$ R . $0. & 0 $03 % $ 0 2&!C"A% % 0.$02 $ & %0 0. - ;0 && $ % & B E!@ # 2 &$ D 2 /0 0. / &2!@ 0 =& .D 2 /!0. ! $. 2& =&1#" 0.$02 $ &= & %0 0 # - E! =03. =&$$0 R = 0;YD.$D& .D $ ;0 && ! $$&& .%0/ &$ & 1 #%0. $ # # E! =03. 2 &$ & 2 /0 0.

/ &2!@ =&$D& .D /! #@C $ . %, % %0$B" 2@#0C 0$0 $ 1& =0.E&!$0 0 $ 1,5—2 ! . . ., % %0$B" = %. = 4$0 0 2#0C — $ 10—15 ! . . .

!0$C (! .. 194). 2$@& ;!0$C , /0#03#D % 20!0 = % 1#0 0 & %0 0, # C0 0= &.% #& D .D $ #0 &- 2@&: 2&!C$ 3 #0 &203 $ 1$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C.

! 2@3 2&!C$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C, bronchus lobaris superior dexter (3), 0 C0# 0 2$0 0 /0 /0# /!D=@= " 0= $ ! .. 0D$ 2—3 0 ! #20&$ D ! C& &1 0! 0$ 4$0.

! 2@3 $ 1$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C, bronchus lobaris inferior dexter (4), D2 D& .D /!0#0 1&$ &= 2$0 0, ! ./0-01&$ %0.0 /0 0 $0A&$ % .! $$03 / 0.%0. .

! 2@3 .!$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C, bronchus lobaris medius dexter (5), 0 C0# 0 /&!$&$ !"1$03 . &$% $ 1- $& 0 #0 &20 0 $ 2,5—4 # . 4$&& 2&!C$& 0 #0 &20 0.

.. 194. &$ &$0 ! == /!&/ ! ! C& ;!0$C 4$0 0 #&!&2 . %0$ ! . !02 $$@= ;!0$C = 2/ 0 4 #0 #0 4%02@C.

1 _ ! C&D; 2 — 2$@& ;!0$C ; 3 — /! 2@3 2&!C$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C; 4 — /! 2@3 $ 1$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C- 5 — /! 2@3 .!$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C; —&2@3 2&!C$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C; 7 — &2@3 $ 1$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C; 8 — .& =&$ !$@& ;!0$C .

&2@3 2&!C$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C, bronchus lobaris superior sinister (6), $ $ & .D 0 $ !"1$02&!C$&3 /&- !$&2&!C$&3 . &$% 2$0 0 ;!0$C , ! ./0 01&$ /0 0! 0$ 4$0 $ /! 2 &$ $&.%0 4%0 %0.0 %2&!C".

&2@3 $ 1$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C, bronchus lobaris inferior sinister (7), 0 C0# 0 $ !"1$0$ 1$&3 . &$% 2- $0 0 ;!0$C , /!0#0 1 & .D %$ " %$ !"1 0 $& 0.

&/0.!. 2&$$0 2 0 K& & %0 0 0 #0 &2@C ;!0$C02 0 C0# !D# ;0 && =& % C ;!0$C02 !& 4& 0 /0!D#- % , $ @2 &=@C .& =&$ !$@= (8).

k . 4 & %0 0, 2&$ !"&= D .& =&$ !$@= ;!0$C0=, $0. $ 2 $ & ;!0$C0- & 0 $0 0 .& =&$ . !0$C

.00 2& . 2" K & .& =&$ @ =& $0& $ 2 $ &. & =&$ =&& E0!=" / ! = #@, $ /! 2 &$$03 2&!A - $03 % %0!$ , 0.$02 $ &= — % /02&!C$0. & %0 0 (! .. 195). ./0 01&$ & .& =&$ 02 2 /!& C % 1#03 #0-

=&& 0/!& &$$" %0$0=&!$0. 4 %0 &. 20 C 0 & .D 2&. $@= /0. 0D$. 20=.

0 .$0 =&1#"$ !0#$03 $ 0= &.%03 $0=&$% "!& 2 /! 20= & %0= ! 11, 2 &20= — 10 ;!0$- C0- & 0 $@C .& =&$ 02.

0 " 7 ! 5 "!" !&"!". &!C$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C #& .D $ ! .& =&$ !$@C ;!0$C , 2&$ -

!" K C .00 2& . 2" K & .& =&$ @: 2&!C"A& $@3, segmentum apicale, #$ 3, segmentum posterior, /&- !$ 3, segmentum anterior.

!$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C #& .D $ #2 .& =&$ !$@C ;!0$C , 0# $ %0 0!@C $ /! 2 &$ %$ !"1 , #!" 03 %$" ! , 0 0/!& D& $ 2 $ & .& =&$ 02: &! 4$@3 (;0%0203), segmentum laterale, = 4$@3, segmentum mediale. 1$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C #& .D $ 5 6 .& =&$ !$@C ;!0$C02.

.. 195. C&= &.%0& 0;! 1&$ & .& =&$ 02 & % C (2 # .;0%").

— /! 20& & %0&; 2&!C$DD #0 D: 1 — 2&!C"A& $@3, !— #$ 3, 3 — /&!$ 3; .!$DD #0 D: 4 — &! 4$@3, 5 — = 4$@3, $ 1$DD #0 D: 6 — 2&!C"- A& $@3, 8 — /&!$ 3 0.$02$03; 9— &! 4$@3 0.$02$03, 10— #$ 3 0.$02$03, 11— /0#2&!C"A& $@3; ;— &20& & %0&; 2&!C$DD #0 D: 1—2 2&!C"-A& $0-#$ 3, 3—/&!$ 3, 4— 2&!C$ 3 D @ %02@3, 5 — $ 1$ 3 D @ %02@3; $ 1$DD #0 D: 6— 2&!C"A& $@3, 8— /&!$ 3 0.$02$03, 9 — &! 4$@3 0.$02$03, 10 — #$ 3 0.$02$03, 11 — /0#2&!C"A& $@3. ( ! =& $ &. 7 — = 4$@3 (.&!#& $@3) 0.$02$03 .& =&$ 2 #&$ 0 4%0 /0 2$" !&$$&3 /02&!C$0. & - % C).

;0 && 2@.0%0 0 #$&3 . &$% $ 1$& 0 #0 &20 0 ;!0$C , $ "!02$& 0 C01#&$ D .!$& 0 #0 &20 0

$&.%0 4%0 $ 1& ;&!& $ 0 ;!0$C, %0 0!@3 2&$ !"& 2&!C"A& $@3 .& =&$ $ 1$&3 #0 , segmentum apicale. . 4$@& 4—5 .& =&$ !$@C ;!0$C02 0 C0#D 0 #0 &20 0 /0# 0 &$4 0. !@= " = , $ /! 2 &$@ %$ " $0.D $ 2 $ & 0.$02$@C, 2 . =0. 0 . /02&!C$0. #0 & %0 0, %0 0!" $ = .& - =&$ @, 0$ =&$" .D: = 4$@3 (.&!#& $@3) 0.$02$03 .& =&$ , segmentum basale mediale (cardiacum), /&- !$ 3 0.$02$03 .& =&$ , segmentum basale anterius, &! 4$@3 (;0%0203) 0.$02$03 .& =&$ , segmentum basale laterale, #$ 3 0.$02$03 .& =&$ , segmentum basale posterius. /0. $& 0 $&!%0 0 C0# % # %!"/$ D 2& 24 ($&/0. 0D$$ D), %0 0! D 2&$ !"& /0#2&!C"A& $@3 .& =&$ , segmentum subapicale (subsuperius), ! ./0 K 3.D /0# 2&!C"A& $@= .& =&$ 0= $ 1$&3 #0 .

0 " 7 ! "!" !&"!". &!C$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C #& .D $ 4 .& =&$ !$@C ;!0$C , 2&$ !" - K C . " K & .& =&$ @: 2&!C"A& $0- #$ 3, segmentum apicoposterius, (;!0$C =01& 0 C0# 4 0#$ = . 20-0= ! #& 4$0 # D 2&!C"A& $0 0 #$& 0 .& =&$ 02), /&!$ 3, segmentum anterius, 2&!C$ 3 D @ %02@3, segmentum lingulare superius, $ 1$ 3 D @ %02@3, segmentum lingulare inferius. ; D @ %02@C .& =&$ /0

.20&=" ! ./0 01&$ .00 2& . 2" .!$&3 #0 & /! 20 0 & %0 0, D @ %02@3 .& =&$ !$@3 ;!0$C #0 #& &- $ D $ 2&!C$ 3 $ 1$ 3 $ 0 &$ .!$&=" #0 &20=" ;!0$C".

&2@3 $ 1$ 3 #0 &203 ;!0$C #& .D $ & 1& .& =&$ !$@& ;!0$C , 0 /! 2@3. 0R 0=" 2 $ 1$&3 #0-& ! 5 6 .& =&$ 02, $ 0 $@C .& =&$ = $ 1$&3 #0 /! 20 0 & %0 0 =& K C & 1& $ 2 $ D: 2&!C"A& $@3 (2&!C$ 3), segmentum apicale (superius), = 4$@3 (.&!#& $@3) 0.$02$03 .& =&$ , segmentum basale mediale (cardiacum). & =&$ !$@3 ;!0$C /0. $& 0 2 83% $ $ & .D 0;K = . 20 0= . /&!$ = 0.$02$@= ;!0$C0=. 0R 0=" .&!#& $@3 .& =&$ . &2 D2 D& .D $&/0. 0D$$@=, 0$ .0. 2 D& . 4 /&!$& 0 0.$02$0 0 .& =&$ , segmentum basale anterius. . 4$@& 0.$02$@& .& =&$ @: &! 4$@3 (;0-

%0203) .& =&$ , segmentum basale laterale, #$ 3, segmentum basale posterius, /0#2&!C"A& $@3, segmentum subapicale (cubsuperius), =& 0 1& ! ./0 01&$ &, 0 ./! 2 . @2 D $&/0. 0D$. 20 /0#2&!C"A& $0 0

.& =&$ . 0;& C . 0!0$ .&!#& $0 0 . &2 , T&1#"$ !0#$@3 %0$ !&.. 0 0! $0 ! $ 0 0 02 2 1949 . " ! $" &!= $0 0 $"=&! B .& =&$ 02, .0 .$0 %0 0!03 2 /! 20= & %0= 2@#& D 10, 2 &20= — 9

.& =&$ 02. _ .C&= /0 " $ ;0 4A&& ! ./!0. ! $&$ & .! C !"! 02, E !02, !&$ &$0 0 02.& =&$ !$@& ;!0$C 2 /!& C .& =&$ 02 2 .20 0 &! # C0 0= &.% #& D .D $ .";.& =&$ !$@&

;!0$C , % ;! %0 0!@C % /&! E&! /0. &/&$$0 ";@2 & 2 !& " 4 & /0. & 4$0 0 #& &$ D C $ ;0-&& =& % & ;!0$C 2/ 0 4 #0 #0 4%02@C ;!0$C02. 1#@3 #0 4%02@3 ;!0$C ! 2& 2 D& .D 2$" ! #0 4% $

12—18 %0$& $@C ;!0$C 0 , bronchioli terminales.

0. $ &, # C0 0= &.% 2& 2D.4, # $ 0 #@C & 4$@= ;!0$C 0 =, # =& ! %0 0!@C $& /!&2@A & 0,3—0,4 . C . &$% C /0D2 D .D & 0 $@& /" @!4% , 42&0 @, alveoli pulmonis, # =& ! %0 0!@C " 2 !0. @C .0. 2 D& 0,2 . % 1#03 #@C & 4$03 ;!0$C 0 @ ! # !$0 0 C0#D 42&0 D!$@& C0#@, ductuli alveolares, %0 0!@& % $ 2 .D 42&0 D!$@= =&A0 % = , sacculi alveolares.

&$% %!"/$@C ;!0$C02 .0. 0 C!DK&20 0 .%& & , #% C =@A& $@C 20 0%0$ . . 03 0;0 0 - % , /0%!@ 03 =&!B & 4$@= R/ & &=. &$% 42&0 D!$@C C0#02 =&A0 %02 /0%!@ 0#$0. 03$@= #@- C & 4$@= R/ & &=. 0# R/ & &= 2 =&1 42&0 D!$@C /&!& 0!0#% C $ C0#D .D %!02&$0.$@& % / D!@, =$0 0 . &$$@& R . &.% &, %0 &$02@& !& %" D!$@& 20 0%$ .

% = 0;! 0=, 2.& ;!0$C 0 2$@C #0 %0$& $@C ;!0$C 0 .0. 2 D $0& ;!0$C 4$0& #&!&20,

. "1 K&& /" &= # D /!02&$ D 20 #"C /! 2#0C& 2@#0C&.

@C & 4$@& ;!0$C 0 @, 42&0 D!$@& C0#@, =&A0 % 42&0 @ .0. 2 D $0& 42&0 D!$0& #&!&20

#@C & 4$" / !&$C =" & %0 0; E"$%B 0$ 4$0- $ 0= &.% D $ B && $ @2 & .D B $".0=, . 0 %0 0!@C #0. & 800 @.., 42&0 — 500—700 = $. 0K #4 #@C & 4$03 /02&!C$0. & % C .0. 2 D& 0 30 2 /! 2@#0C& #0 100 ! /! ";0%0= 2#0C&. 020%"/$0. 4 12—18 B $".02 .0. 2 D& #0 4%" & %0 0, lobuli pulmones. 1# D #0 4% /!. 2 D& .0;03 $&;0 4A &, ! =&! = 0%0 0 1—2 , =$0 0" 0 4$03

E0!=@ " . % & 0 $03 / !&$C =@, 0 #& &$$@& #!" 0 #!" .0 $ & 4$0 % $$@= /&!& 0!0#% = ../0 .D #0 4% 2 $&.%0 4%0 !D#02. ";0%0 ! ./0 01&$$@& #0 4% =& =&$4A & ! =&!@, /02&!C- $0. $@& — $&.%0 4%0 ;0 4A &. #0 &% . .D .& =&$ @ & % C, %0 0!@& 0 #& &$@ #!" 0 #!" = 0-

.0."# . @= .0 $ & 4$0 % $$@= /&!& 0!0#% = . & =&$ @ 0;! " #0 , ! #& &$$@& =&1#0 &2@= K& D= . 0 .0. 2 D & %0& 2 B& 0=.

* 6 , arteriae pulmonales (! .. 196). & 0 $@3 . 20 (2), D2 DD.4 /!0#0 1&$ &= ! &! -

4$0 0 %0$". /! 20 0 1& "#0 % , %/&! %$ " 0 ! #20&$ D ! C& , $ "!02$& V—VII !"#$@C /0 20$- %02, 2$" !3/&! % !# 4$0 #& .D $ /! 2" &2" & 0 $@& ! &! . 0 #& &$ D . 20 .0. 2 D& 0%0 0 138°.

6 !", , arteria pulmonalis dextra (2), $ /! 2 DD.4 % 20!0 = & %0 0, /!0C0# /0# #"- 03 0! @, /0 # 20.C0#DK&3 0! @ 2&!C$&3 /0 03 2&$@, %/&! 0 /! 20 0 2$0 0 ;!0$C , ! ./0 - D.4 $ "!02$& VII—VIII !"#$@C /0 20$%02. $ && %0 &; & .D 2 /!& C

.. 196. $ 0 ! ==@ /!&/ ! 02 & % C.

— = . ! 4$@3 / #& &$ D .0."#02 2 0;0 C & % C; ; — .=&A $$@3 /: ! ..@/$03 — 2 2&!C$&3 #0 & &20 0 & %0 0, = . ! 4$@3 — 2 /! - 20= & %0= $ 1$&3 #0 & &20 0 & %0 0; 1 — & 0 $@3 . 20 ; 2 — /! 2 D & 0 $ D ! &! D; 3 — &2 D & 0 $ D ! &! D; 4 — 0.$02$ D . 4 & 0 - $03 ! &! ; 5 — .& =&$ !$@& ! &! .

27 — 50 , A ! $ 20—28 . K& 2 .!. &$ , $& #0C0#D #0 20!0 & %0 0, /! 2 D & 0 $ D ! &! D 0 # & /&!2" %!"/$" 2& 24 # D 2&!C$&3 #0 , %0 0! D ! ./0 & .D %/&! $&.%0 4%0 $ 1& 2&!C$& 0 #0-&20 0 ;!0$C . $ && 2 !4 !"& 0 8 #0 30 , A ! $ #0. & 7 . !D#& . " &2 ! &! 4$@& .0."- #@ # D 2&!C$&3 #0 /!. 2 &$@ $& 0#$03, $&.%0 4% = 2& 2D= , %0 &. 20 =&. 0 0 C01#&$ D %0 0!@C $&/0. 0D$$0&. 2&!C$&3 #0 & ! 2&!C"A& $" 2& 24, $ .C0#DK" 20.C0#DK" /&!$ & #$ & 2& 2 (5).

0. & 0 C01#&$ D 2& 2 % 2&!C$&3 #0 & & 0 $ D ! &! D /020! 2 & %$ " %$ !"1 , 0;! "D #" 00;- ! $@3 ;. /!0%. = 4$0 0 0 #& .0."# 0 C0# 2& 24 # D .!$&3 #0 , %0 0! D ! 2& 2 D& .D $

&! 4$" = 4$" 2& 2 . R 0= 1& "!02$& % # 0 C0# 2&!C"A& $ D 2& 24 $ 1$&3 #0 .. 4$&& 0 C01#&$ D "% $$@C 2& 2&3 & 0 $ D ! &! D /0 " & $ 2 $ & 0.$02$03 . , pars basalis

(4). 0. $DD #& .D $ 0.$02$@& 2& 2 , =& K & % & 1& $ 2 $ D, % % .& =&$ !$@& ;!0$C : .!$DD (.&!#& $ D), /&!$DD, &! 4$ D, #$DD 0.$02$ D /0#2&!C"A& $ D 2& 2 (5).

/ !", , arteria pulmonalis sinistra (3), #" 00;! $03 E0!=@, 0 C0# 0 & 0 $0 0 . 20 /0 /0# /!D=@= " 0=, $ /! 2 &$ %0.0 %2&!C", % # 2 &20. 4$ D . 4 &203 & 0 $03 ! &! &- 1 /0# #" 03 0! @ .0 $&$ . $&3 ! &! 4$03 .2D %03, 0;! " K&3.D 2 !& " 4 & 0; &! B ! &- ! 4$0 0 /!0 0% . &2 D & 0 $ D ! &! D #& 2/&! &20 0 2$0 0 ;!0$C , " =&. 0 C01#&$ D 2&!C- $& 0 #0 &20 0 ;!0$C /&!&;! .@2 & .D &!& $& 0 , $ /! 2 DD.4 %$ ", ! ./0 & .D %$ !"1 % # 0 $ 1- $& 0 #0 &20 0 ;!0$C . $ &203 & 0 $03 ! &! 24—44 , A ! $ && 2 $ 4$0= 0 #& & #0. &

20—26 .

2&!C$&3 . &203 & 0 $03 ! &! 2 2&!C$ #0 0 C0#D 2&!C"A& $ D, $ .C0#DK D 20.C0#DK D /&!$DD #$DD 2& 2 . @ %02 D 2& 24 0 C0# $ 1& =&. 0 2& 2 &$ D /&!$&3 ! &! . R 0= 1& "!02$& . # 0 C0# 2&!C"A& $ D 2& 24 $ 1$&3 #0 . # . 4$0 0 0 #& &203 & 0 $03 ! &! , $ -@2 &=0 0 % 1& % % ./! 2 — 0.$02$03 . 4 , pars basalis (4), 0 C0#D /D 4 2& 2&3: .!$DD, /&!$DD, -&! 4$ D, #$DD 0.$02$ D /0#2&!C"A& $ D 2& 24 (5). & 2 & 0 $@C ! &! 3 2 /!& C .& =&$ 02 #!&20- 2 #$0 #& D .D $ ;0 && =& % & .0."#@, %0 0!@& /0. &/&$$0 . 0$ .D % /&! E&! /&!&C0#D 2 ! &! 0 @ % / D!$" .& 4, ". 0 0/ & K" 42&0 @. 2& 2 &$ D & 0 $@C ! &! 3 $ C0#D .D !D#0= . 0#$0 =&$$@- = ;!0$C = .

2& 2 &$ D & 0 $@C ! &! 3 2 ! ;& 4$@. 2 . =0. 0 "!02$D #& &$ D %0 &. 2 0 C0#DK C

.0."#02 C % ;! , ! = . ! 4$@3, ! ..@/$03 .=&A $$@3 /@ #& &$ D. / #& &$ D .0."- #02 2 0;0 C & % C 2 0 #& 4$@C #0 DC % 1#0 0 & %0 0 =01& ;@ 4 ! $@=. ! $ @ 2& 2 &$ D& 0 $@C ! &! 3 /!. 2 &$@ $ ! .. 196.