Просяновская о.А.

Учебные материалы по самостоятельной работе.

Задания по основам теории английского языка.

Часть 1

Просяновская О.А.. Учебные материалы по самостоятельной работе. Задания по основам теории английского языка. Часть 1.

В пособии представлены задания для самостоятельной и аудиторной работы, справочный материал, предназначенные для студентов II курса, обучающихся по программе ПСПК.

Task 1.

Complete the table with the help of a dictionary

(e.g. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English).      

      

Слово	Денотативное значение	Коннотация
	chair (n)
	machine (n)
	barrier (n)
	nervous (adj)
	quiet (adj)
	drink (v)
	laugh (v)
	make(v)

Animal Expression Quiz

This animal expression quiz focuses on expressions and words commonly used with animals. Match three related expressions or words to each animal.

Animals

bat

elephant

lion

cow

horse

sheep bird

fish

cat

dog Related Words

bark kitten saddle beak lamb scales blind leather school calf mane shoe cub meow sonar feather mutton trunk fin nine lives tusks flock pie vampire house puppy wool ivory ride roar kennel

Task 2.

1. Use a word from the box in the correct form to complete each collocation.

shine dark light up sunny lighten darken

1. I could tell Maria was in a good mood by the………….smile on her face.

2. The little boy’s eyes……………..when he saw his daddy approaching.

3. Let’s put some happy music on to……….the atmosphere. Everyone’s too serious.

4. My grandparents lived through the…………days of civil war from 1936 to 1939.

5. The girl’s eyes…………with excitement as she prepared for the party.

6. Mr Garnham’s expression………….as he was told the terrible news.

2. Put these words in order to make sentences.

1. with / cheeks / embarrassment / burning / were / my

2. city / up / has / in / capital/ flared/ the / violence

3. flowed / the / during / discussion / ideas / the

4. divorce / was / footballer’s / the / publicity / surrounded / famous / a / by / blaze / of

3. Answer the questions.

1. What is most likely to be fiery:

(a) someone’s intelligence (b) someone’s temper?

2. Which is the most typical collocation:

a blaze of (a) temper (b) glory (c) joy?

3. What is most likely to be heated:

(a) discussions (b) cheeks (c) troubles?

4. What is most likely to flare up:

(a) love (b) interest (c) violence?

4. Use a dictionary to find collocations using these words in a metaphorical way.

1. bright 2 warm 3 cold

5. Complete the table with metonyms.

word	original meaning	metonymic use
china	China, the country
Manchester	the city in England
microwave	electromagnetic wave of wavelength 1 mm to 1 m
press	printing press
Hollywood	District of Los Angeles, California, historically the primary center of…
Silicon Valley	geographic region of the San Francisco Bay Area
Strasbourg	Alsatian city, which is the official seat of the…

Task 3.

The Spell-Checker Poem

More than an exercise in homophonous humor, "Candidate for a Pullet Surprise" endures as a cautionary tale for all those who place too much trust in spell checkers.

1. Rewrite this poem with appropriate homophones.

Candidate for a Pullet Surprise by Mark Eckman and Jerrold H. Zar

I have a spelling checker, It came with my PC. It plane lee marks four my revue Miss steaks aye can knot sea.

Eye ran this poem threw it, Your sure reel glad two no. Its vary polished in it's weigh. My checker tolled me sew.

A checker is a bless sing, It freeze yew lodes of thyme. It helps me right awl stiles two reed, And aides me when eye rime.

Each frays come posed up on my screen Eye trussed too bee a joule. The checker pours o'er every word To cheque sum spelling rule.

Bee fore a veiling checker's Hour spelling mite decline, And if we're lacks oar have a laps, We wood bee maid too wine.

Butt now bee cause my spelling Is checked with such grate flare, Their are know fault's with in my cite, Of nun eye am a wear.

Now spelling does knot phase me, It does knot bring a tier. My pay purrs awl due glad den With wrapped word's fare as hear.

To rite with care is quite a feet Of witch won should bee proud, And wee mussed dew the best wee can, Sew flaw's are knot aloud.

Sow ewe can sea why aye dew prays Such soft wear four pea seas, And why eye brake in two averse Buy righting want too pleas.

2. Select the word that completes the sentence.

1. She wanted to effect/affect the students in a way they'd never forget.

2. He stood outside in the rain completely bear/bare.

3. He used the brake/break to stop quickly.

4. There are two prisoners per cell/sell in that prison.

5. The scent/cent/sent in the air is fabulous!

6. The full payment is dew/due by the end of the month.

7. We took the ferry/fairy to Sardinia last summer.

8. He was fined/find $50 for illegal parking.

9. The X gene/jean is responsible for eye colour.

10. We had a marry/merry time at the pub.

11. She was the soul/sole person to understand him.

12. I don't know whether/weather he will come or not.

Task 4.

1. Select the word in each set that completes the sentence appropriately.

aisle - isle

He grew up on the …… of Elba.

I quickly walked down the ……… and took my seat.

bass - base

He sang …… in the church choir.

I think we need a new …… for that lamp.

blew - blue

Her house is painted …….

She …….a lot of bubbles at her birthday party.

coarse - course

The fabric is rather ……..

The English ……. will begin next week.

creak - creek

The ……. winds through the beautiful valley.

The doors in the house all ……..

dear - deer

My ……. Richard, you just don't understand!

We saw three ……on our hike in the mountains.

foreword - forward

We moved ………. in the line.

Timothy Leary wrote the ………. to Ken's book.

Greece - grease

He put some …….. on the wheel.

……… is considered the birthplace of western philosophy.

heal - heel

I hurt my …… playing tennis.

Doctors …… thousands of patients a year.

knot - naught - not

He tied a ……. to secure the rope.

His efforts came to ……..

leased - least

She was the …… successful of the candidates.

They ……. the office for three months.

mail - male

His ….. friends are crazy!

I got a lot of ….. today.

patience - patients

Success requires a lot of ……...

There are too many ……. waiting in the emergency room.

plain - plane

The ……… took off at six in the morning.

The food was rather ……. in England.

still - steal - steel

I think there should be no punishment for people who …….. food to survive.

Most cars have some ……. in their body.

2. Choose the word in parentheses that completes each sentence correctly.

1. She worked harder (than, then) she had ever worked before.

2. If I had known your number, I would (have, of) called.

3. The bingo game has (all ready, already) started.

4. (Whose, Who's) shorts are hanging from the flagpole?

5. Britney has (a lot, a lot) of problems.

6. The program changes will not (affect, effect) you.

7. What is your (principal, principle) reason for wearing a parrot on your head?

8. (Whose, Who's) hiding in your closet?

9. Last year Beckham (lead, led) the league in goals.

10. Get your facts first, and (than, then) you can distort them as much as you please.

11. The ultimate result of shielding men from the (affects, effects) of folly is to fill the world with fools.

12. There cannot be a crisis next week: my schedule is (all ready, already) full.

13. Computers are being called on to perform many new functions, including the consumption of homework (formally, formerly) eaten by the dog.

14. Kate (implied, inferred) that she had a good alibi, but Jack (implied, inferred) otherwise from her nervous behavior.

15. Many are predicting that the TV series Lost won’t last much longer because (fewer, less) people are watching these (days, daze).

16. Although the recording (device, devise) was primitive, (you're, your) voice came across clearly.

17. I was (conscience, conscious) after the collision but (to, too) frightened (to, too) move.

18. (Quiet, Quite, Quit) was restored, and the judge (preceded, proceeded) with the case.

19. Following the ice storms, (there, their, they're) (maybe, may be) a plague of locusts and a swarm of frogs.

20. The handle was (lose, loose) and could (have, of) fallen off at any moment.

3. Select the word in each set that completes the sentence accurately and appropriately (Commonly confused words).

1. adverse or averse A recent study found that many air fresheners are high in chemicals that have been linked to _____ health effects in high doses.

2. allude or elude The young hockey star was dubbed "the phantom" for his ability to _____ defenders.

3. complement or compliment The malty flavor of buckwheat honey makes it a nice _____ to blue cheese.

4. device or devise Amazon unveiled the Kindle, its digital-book reading _____, at the end of 2007.

5. discreet or discrete The genes, _____ bits of DNA on the chromosomes in each cell, control all body activities by directing the production of essential chemicals.

6. floundered or foundered When his ship _____ on the coast of Scotland in 1883, the Danish captain thought he saw a seven-pointed star in the sky.

7. historic or historical In 1958, a Spanish photographer accompanied Fidel Castro and his band of revolutionaries during their ____ push to Havana.

8. imply or infer "The fact that some geniuses were laughed at does not _____ that all who are laughed at are geniuses." (Carl Sagan)

9. incredible or incredulous All births are _____ moments, but some are more momentous than others.

10. later or latter Facebook has about 300 million users and Twitter a tenth of that number, but the _____ has been winning the headline battle in recent months.

11. pored or poured Night after night, the president _____ over memos arguing for and against the choice that confronted him.

12. principal or principle A higher salary was Sol's _____ reason for accepting the job offer.

13. racked or wracked He _____ his brains to remember, but he could not call to mind a single thing!

14. sensual or sensuous "The beauty of Moroccan palaces is made up of details of ornament and refinements of _____ delight too numerous to record." (Edith Wharton)

15. shear or sheer "English usage is sometimes more than mere taste, judgment, and education--sometimes it's _____ luck, like getting across a street." (E.B. White)

16. simple or simplistic Much of what we thought we knew about the evolution of dinosaurs turns out to be _____ or out-and-out wrong.

17. stationary or stationery The train passengers spent the night in the makeshift hotels of ____ carriages parked on railway sidings.

18. temerity or timidity Jay-Z always sounds bold and confident, but then of course _____ is rarely a character trait in the world of hip-hop.

19. veracious or voracious Be it a Jeep Cherokee or a Ford Explorer or supersized to a Humvee, the SUV soon became the _____ and luxurious symbol of boomer excess throughout the 1990s.

20. Who or Whom "_____ the gods wish to destroy they first call promising." (Cyril Connolly)

Task 5. Synonyms and confusable words

1. Choose the correct collocation.

2. The dentist told me to shut/close my mouth.

3. I didn’t know what to do when I got into my car and couldn’t start/begin the engine.

4. I want to buy a sweater for my dad. He needs one in a big/large size.

5. I haven’t finished/ended my essay yet. I can’t decide how to finish/end it.

6. At what time do you plan to shut/close the conference?

7. All societies develop their own stories about how the world started/began.

8. It’s far too big/large a problem for you to solve on your own.

9. It’s never easy to finish/end a relationship.

2. Complete each phrase with a word meaning either “old” or “alone” (old, ancient, antique, elderly, single, lonely, alone, solitary, sole, only, unique).

1. a………………figure on the horizon

2. a shop selling………………furniture

3. to be an…………………..child

4. the………….survivor of the accident

5. to study………………history

6. to live…………..

7. to feel desperately…………………

8. to catch up with………………friends

9. support for………………….parents

10. a home for………………..people

3. Correct these sentences.

1. Were many people damaged in the earthquake?

2. Single parents growing children without a partner’s support are entitled to financial help from the government.

3. My mobile isn’t working. I need to load the battery.

4. She has a lot of beautiful elderly jewellery.

5. When we moved house, two men helped us to charge the van.

6. That’s not news – it’s antique history!

7. I don’t know how to charge a gun, let alone fire one.

8. I’ve never been very successful at raising plants.

4. Use the following verbs in the correct form to complete each collocation.

achieve beat earn gain make win

1. I don’t have ambitions to………….a lot of money, I just want to be happy in life.

2. Jack has already…………….a very good reputation as a talented lawyer.

3. Kim has…………. several prizes for her singing.

4. It is important to have goals even if you do not always………….them.

5. Chris………….a lot of money when he sold some old shares on the stock exchange.

6. In the tournament Hannah………………all her opponents and………….the gold medal.

7. Nowadays John………………a very good salary.

8. In the cycle race, Henry………………an advantage when several of his opponents had punctures.

5. Correct collocation errors in this paragraph.

Last year I got a new job and started gaining a lot more money. I realized I could afford to use more money on my holiday than I usually do and decided to pass a month in Australia. I knew it would be hot there and so I wouldn’t need to carry warm clothes with me. In fact, I used a t-shirt and jeans all the time I was there. I carried a hat all the time too, of course, to protect me from the sun. It was fantastic there. I passed a week sightseeing in Sydney and then stayed the rest of the time traveling round the country. I even did my lifelong ambition of stroking a koala.

6. Change the underlined words so that each sentence has the opposite meaning.

1. The Democratic Party lost the election.

2. The ruling power has lost control of the situation.

3. Our team was defeated in the match.

4. I spent a lot of money last month.

5. Our company made a loss last year.

7. Look up BIG and LARGE in a good learner’s dictionary of English and see what collocations it suggests for them.

Task 6.

1. Choose the opposite word.

high	deep, little, small, low
wide	tiny, small, tall, narrow
dangerous	Safe, nervous, anxious, exhausted
modern	new, historical, smooth, advanced
intelligent	stupid, bright, smart, difficult
rough	light, small, soft, smooth
shy	patient, lazy, outgoing, honest
permit	forbid, encourage, allow, get
success	loss, failure, fall, mistake
loose	small, easy, wide, tight
powerful	weak, lazy, slow, soft
ugly	pretty, clean, expensive, rich
pass	beat, enter, fail, lose
noisy	thoughtful, silent, loud, wild
full	light, open, empty, heavy
sharp	shiny, dull, dark, stupid
accept	reject, reply, allow, excuse
steep	flat, low, high, sharp
liquid	solid, dense, hot, safe
enter	escape, exit, proceed, vanish
considerate	selfish, dumb, deaf, blind
private	public, own, state, closed

2. Give the opposite word.

dead old big senior student on light hard hairy.

3. Change the underlined words so that each sentence has the opposite meaning.

The Democratic Party lost the election.

The ruling power has lost control of the situation.

Our team was defeated in the match.

I spent a lot of money last month.

Our company made a loss last year.

4. Write the opposite of these expressions.

sweet wine

a soft drink

a strong accent

a light smoker

strong coffee

a soft voice

get on the bus

get in the car

tell the truth

catch the bus

dry weather

light rain

Task 7.

1. Write numbers next to these suffixes according to which part of speech they usually indicate. A few belong in more than one category. Give examples.