Selected References

Normal Development and Anatomy of the Skull Base

Conley LM et al: Imaging of the central skull base. Radiol Clin North Am. 55(1):53-67, 2017

Bernard S et al: The human occipital bone: review and update on its embryology and molecular development. Childs Nerv Syst. 31(12):2217-23, 2015

Blaser SI et al: Skull base development and craniosynostosis. Pediatr Radiol. 45 Suppl 3:S485-96, 2015

Rijken BF et al: The formation of the foramen magnum and its role in developing ventriculomegaly and Chiari I malformation in children with craniosynostosis syndromes. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 43(7):1042-8, 2015

Zhang Q et al: Morphological and morphometric study on sphenoid and basioccipital ossification in normal human fetuses. Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 51(3):138-48, 2011

Cephaloceles

Yucetas SC et al: A retrospective analysis of neonatal encephalocele predisposing factors and outcomes. Pediatr Neurosurg. 52(2):73-76, 2017

Ramdurg SR et al: Pediatric encephaloceles: a series of 20 cases over a period of 3 years. J Pediatr Neurosci. 10(4):317-20, 2015

Occipital Cephaloceles

Ivashchuk G et al: Chiari III malformation: a comprehensive review of this enigmatic anomaly. Childs Nerv Syst. 31(11):2035-40, 2015

Frontoethmoidal Cephaloceles

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Alatzoglou KS et al: SOX3 deletion in mouse and human is associated with persistence of the craniopharyngeal canal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99(12):E2702-8, 2014

Craniosynostoses

Craniosynostosis Overview

Lattanzi W et al: Genetic advances in craniosynostosis. Am J Med Genet A. 173(5):1406-1429, 2017

Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis

Lee BS et al: Management options of non-syndromic sagittal craniosynostosis. J Clin Neurosci. 39:28-34, 2017

Syndromic Craniosynostoses

Lee BS et al: Management options of non-syndromic sagittal craniosynostosis. J Clin Neurosci. 39:28-34, 2017

Fernandes MB et al: Apert and Crouzon syndromes-cognitive development, brain abnormalities, and molecular aspects. Am J Med Genet A. 170(6):1532-7, 2016

Hwang SK et al: Update of diagnostic evaluation of craniosynostosis with a focus on pediatric systematic evaluation and genetic studies. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 59(3):214-8, 2016

Saal HM: Genetic evaluation for craniofacial conditions. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 24(4):405-425, 2016

Wang JC et al: Syndromic craniosynostosis. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 24(4):531-543, 2016

Meningeal Anomalies

Lipomas

Zabsonre DS et al: Frontoethmoidal cephalocele: our experience of eleven cases managed surgically. Pediatr Neurosurg. 50(1):7-11, 2015

Tirumandas M et al: Nasal encephaloceles: a review of etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(5):739-44, 2013

Parietal Cephaloceles

Mazzucchi E et al: Parietal intradiploic encephalocele in an adult: a delayed complication of pediatric head injury? Childs Nerv Syst. 33(2):217-219, 2017

Shi C et al: Symptomatic parietal intradiploic encephalocele-a case report and literature review. J Neurol Surg Rep. 78(1):e43-e48, 2017

Demir MK et al: Atretic cephaloceles: a comprehensive analysis of historical cohort. Childs Nerv Syst. 32(12):2327-2337, 2016

Santos SF et al: Atretic parietal encephalocoele. BMJ Case Rep. 2016, 2016

Skull Base Cephaloceles

Ogiwara H et al: Surgical treatment of transsphenoidal encephaloceles: transpalatal versus combined transpalatal and transcranial approach. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 11(5):505-10, 2013

Persistent Craniopharyngeal Canal

Atallah A et al: Limitations and pitfalls in prenatal diagnosis of pericallosal curvilinear lipoma based on a specific imaging pattern. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. ePub, 2017

Agostini A et al: Molecular characterization of the t(4;12)(q27~28;q14~15) chromosomal rearrangement in lipoma. Oncol Lett. 12(3):1701-1704, 2016

Niwa T et al: Interhemispheric lipoma, callosal anomaly, and malformations of cortical development: a case series. Neuropediatrics. 47(2):115-8, 2016

Yilmaz MB et al: Pericallosal lipomas: a series of 10 cases with clinical and radiological features. Turk Neurosurg. 26(3):364-8, 2016

Yilmaz MB et al: Lipoma of the quadrigeminal cistern: report of 12 cases with clinical and radiological features. Turk Neurosurg. 25(1):16-20, 2015

Erol FS et al: How innocent is corpus callosum dysgenesis? Pediatr Neurosurg. 49(1):24-8, 2013

Mehemed TM et al: Fat-water interface on susceptibility-weighted imaging and gradient-echo imaging: comparison of phantoms to intracranial lipomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(4):902-7, 2013