10) Laser Light
Laser light is more intense, directional, monochromatic and coherent than ordinary light.
light emitted by an ordinary source, consisting of uncoordinated waves of many different lengths, that is, it is incoherent and more or less white.
The scientists found the waves of laser light to be coordinated in space and time and to have nearly the same length.
These properties of laser light suggest many uses for it both in technology and in physics.
(By means of some instruments it has become possible to examine materials and physical phenomena in new ways. For example: probing of materials by the study of their scattering of light should be mentioned.)
Laser light is applied in many fields such as medicine, biology industry and so on.
Soon laser is to be used to cut a wide range of materials wood and paper.
The scientists work hard to use laser in all fields of science and life.
11) Mercury in the Environment
Mercury is known to be a rare element. The element is found in trace amounts throughout the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere and the biosphere. In the rocks and soil mercury is found to be measured in fractions of one part per million. In the hydrosphere it occurs only in parts per billion. In the atmosphere mercury is present both as vapour and in the form of particles. The situation is somewhat different in the biosphere. Plants and animals tend to concentrate mercury. Mercury is stable in the liquid state at a temperature of about 20°C, has a bright silvery luster, tarnish at normal temperature, being a good conductor of both heat and electricity
Liquid mercury itself is not toxic to man, but mercury vapour, however, can be injurious. Mercury today is used on a substantial scale in chemical industries as well as in agriculture. Mercury being very important, it is useful to continue investigating its properties very closely.
12) Pollution
Pollution is a great concern to both science, industry and humanity as a whole. There has always been pollution, even when man was not present. Pollution increase on earth by three ways: through the numbers of persons, through industrial activity and through mans use of devices that cause pollution. The study of pollution can be divided on three main parts: air pollution, water pollution and earth pollution. Every smoking chimney and home furnace turns out to be a source of air pollution The use of natural gas or oil that have negligible mineral content is a great in reducing pollution. Some cities simply run their sewage water into nearby natural waters. Another type of water pollution is oil spills. It should be noted that there is as yet no satisfactory cleaning method. The solid part of earth is also in danger from pollution. Russia plans to protect mineral, water resources and animals, plants. Extensive measures taken to set up reservations and carry through biotechnical measures for protecting rare species of animals.
There will never be complete success unless human beings are taught to use nature with care