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.pdf4.Analyzing of research object in advance.
5.Distribute predictions.
6.Principal (strategical) plan of research.
7.Prove the system of choosing units.
8.Selecting main acceptance data and scheme of making an analysis.
The program is full by the work plan. There are observed work stages, time of realizing the research, necessary resources, etc.
Steps of distributing manual research and advantages of methods: 1) specifics of manual research; 2) basic types of manual research; 3) indicators of sociological development.
1.Specific of manual research.
Theoretical-manual and manual research are defined by the main
goals' dependence, advantages are related to the depth of scientific knowledge about the sociological process or solving certain sociological problems. In theoretical-manual research, he sociological re-
commendation is people's demand and lets to research and relax. There are actual customers in manual researches. About managers, they want relief from researchers. In comparison with manual, theoretical researches are directed to analyze social problems.
As a result of it, there are interrelations of defining sociological processes and tendencies, conditional evaluation, systematization of people and formatter or barrier of developing and systems of people's interests, plan with goals of sociological politics. The practical part of such researches provides to understand the managing sociological legislations about politics. A.G. Harchev said "During the process, theoretical and manual aspects of society are indivisible. As research is meaningful and deep as it could be realized in practical plans. As it systematized by practical necessities as it is impossible to know more or have the knowledge, legislations with reacting to practical actions".
The actuality of manual research is strongly designed in localization of surrounding and time to solve sociological problems, exac-
tly "here" and "now". Manual researches are ended with servicing in managing operations and in the last there are entered new problems to sociological practices.
It is defined main features of them here.
The difference of manual research from the theoretical-manual one is the actual object is determined and its object is not clear.
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Discovering things is related to the common sociological situations and special cases of managing institutions. They could give tasks about solving actual problems to researchers. However, it could contain common things too: solving complications after entering new questions, etc.
Basic types of manual research.
Manual types could be divided into 2 kinds. It is specialized in the requirement of managers for once and usually long-termed placed problems.
Shortly, the subject area in manual researches must be defined for the sociological object; it is normal constructing and facilitating to develop.
Time for making theoretical-manual research is counted by noticing the importance and complication of problems.
It is not important how the task is complicated and responsible in additional research, the time given for solving problems should be equal to the time said by the customer.
It plays a vital role to think about opportunities for time archives in the raising confident of conclusion results and how it is possible to define data and its analysis by tools. Do not forget that few amounts of information are more useful rather than big suspect data.
The condition of sociologists in manual research is lightened by the obligation to study sociological problems and tendencies of the theoretical-manual or manual subjects. Therefore, it is good to use treated methods or modifications. In the theoretical-manual researches, ridiculously, it shows abnormality of the original program, its
analysis' logic and the first methods of selecting data.
The exception of manual researches is paying attention to experiencing solutions whilst doing sociological tasks, therefore the depth of its conception would be placed to second place in sociological degree. If economists, lawyers, psychologists, managers, other managing specialists furnish satisfied explanatory, it should be paid attention. Officials who are not working with the theoretical-manual research program, ridiculously should not think about the justification of conclusions, also he has to attempt to the strong sociological definition.
There is a defined the order of action, firstly to practical using of data for managing solutions. In theoretical-manual research first is
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using the logic of sociological legislation, after is a practical application of gotten acknowledge.
Conclusion "product" of theoretical-manual research is a scientific publishing manual-labor document, whereas it is saved little information about the object's condition and interrelation, maximum is paying attention to basics, saved data recommended methods of realization.
Stages of sorting manual research are divided into these types. In the first stage, it must observe research object and complica-
tion problem, define the most complicated from them and keep attention in most dangerous. For example, determine things that show actual factors of a relationship, compare its last parts with other segments through asking questions and display its advantages. Such kind of aimed analysis is realized by depending on archived materials and attraction managers and experts in various spheres. As specialists remark, it is asked experts about something without actual data. And according to this, it is defined as the way of solution.
In the second stage is the treatment of program action. It is realized parallel in several ways:
a)directed to search original experience;
b)aimed to get data from the first stage and interview actual experts with additional expertizes;
c)by realizing different events in collectivity discussion, i.e. conceptions aimed at "research operation of whole collectivity", "turning on thinking system", etc. Program in the process of treating should show its correct address, direct actual events, be responsible for its organizations, in other words, it must be entered as a system with interrelated between direct and performer, equipped with necessary resources, affirmed practical decisions.
There are a definition work directions after treating the total event plan, entered appointment and solutions for new theoretical conceptions, also it is considered the opportunity of realizing researched parts. Afterwards, they study it with the aim to know about the actions of workers.
In the third stage, there is realized the solution of the suggested problem. First of all, there are processes related to selected practices with personal object degree, "basic" (if it is possible till the end of
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the experiment), and finally, if previous operations were successful and proved their actuality, make a process of "total entering".
So, logic in sociological manual research in the action of a logicsemantical structure is different from searching the logical-theoreti- cal plan. This innovative type's research is not only making logical decisions of data in conclusion but also defining the results of the planned research system.
Famous sociologist T.S. Batygin suggests another model of the structure in such researches. There are talked about the problems mentioned before.
The first stage ("descriptive model") – explaining problems right now. Second is a prediction relied on tendencies' extrapolation, being a distance from developing of systems, and it relies on normative prediction. The third, it prefers to be constant in a situation with opportunities. There could be counted possibilities of explorative prediction's approach to the normative condition. In the fourth stage, selecting additional information is realized. They facilitate to solve a certain problem. In the fifth stage – actual version of the decision, "tree decision", events, innovations, experimental is in the sixth, in seventh is an image of complications made by the update. The last eighth is about main enter work, i.e. treating documents (regulations, the obligation of different employees).
On the base of practical experience, the correction line is needed for clarifying resolved versions of additional materials in "tree decision" and experimental action in the solution stage. The seventh step is related to enter predictions of innovations. It could provide to enter realization of ritual, changes, and supplements.
Evaluating solutions suggested by manual researches is important. It is the hardest, but it is a significant stage of researcher work. Usually, they try to show sociological reactions only in an economic way. i.e. materials, economic conditions and people resources. Such calculations are always rude and not-reliable despite being necessary. Another emergency is the connection between sociological reaction and a list of events. Its conclusion is more bright and understandable.
Also, its "proof" could be deceptive.
Direct net of natural processes researched by the excellent and professional degree of ethnographer check the possibility of separation quality parts from sociological reactions. From the point of view
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organizations, is it possible to count right or main problem – a suggestion for the qualified reaction of sociological innovation. The best way to check the quality of innovations' sociological reaction is by preparing tests for observing by using methods to get basic research data: expertizing evaluation, questionnaires, observations, documents, and effective statistics.
To verify the conclusion, in the end, it is important to make a small choice in the stage of decision for some planned events. However, it would be effective to get quota for relentless time. Quotas prove explains objectively, and study the process of relations in researches. Social indicator changes show the mistake while counting the main information in the research, also how to evaluate sociological changes in repetitive and comparative researches.
Be careful during the evaluating line indicators of satisfying conditions by subjective evaluating in questionnaire conditions and work interpretations. Cases of satisfaction and change of indicators, i.e. differences in people's necessity and requests are ‘sociological normal' for lots of groups of subjective. Therefore, according to the rules, observing the satisfaction of labor contracts is the definition of attempts to normal life. Basic satisfactory points should be directed to research structure components. Here it must be enormous changes in conditions of events effectivity. The sociological reaction is linked to another area's problems, although it does not mean erasing and creating satisfaction.
Sociological development indicators
Sociological development indicators could be divided into groups by descriptor indicators that explain sociological processes, successful organizations and other innovation are guides for creating certain development rules and acts. The last one proved the belief in evaluating and features of other methods too.
Normative guides are made a different way. Simple version – guiding by logical "emergency" indicator, for example, the population's reaction or zero condition could be the reason for working in a certain area. Considering the probability image of sociological processes, these kinds of numbers could not be studied. So, obligated basic education would be the problem for some kinds of patients. People without middle education, also old people are suffered from the
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non-effectiveness of labor and it is not comfortable to develop in society.
The second method is anylizing the best collectivities and services.
1.6 Using of social research methods in ethnology
Features of sociological research methods
In comparison with common social theory, the space-time border of the special social theory sphere is narrow. Another feature of special social theory is kind of concluding and considers it. The sociological rule is checked by whole social experience, consideration of sociological theories and conclusions could be checked by other special empirical researches. The social experiment is one of them. The total sociological theory rule contains dynamical laws of basic ways of social development. The special sociological theory includes statistics law. It makes directly actual researches. Its aims are not only observing data but also define dependence, interrelation of factors that affect between person and society. Theories mentioned before are the part of the theoretical and methodological prerequisites of actual research.
Marx's methodological principles in scientific knowledge provide to construct social theories' function (explain, interpretation prediction) on the base of realization. As the main components of it:
a)set of empirical conclusions in the result of made research;
b)original theoretical base – promoted theory object (there is social institute or small group model as an object of family sociology); set of proof and basements emerged due to choosing a certain object as theoretical basis;
c)logical rules in the structuring main elements of promoted object – typologies, indexes, hypothesis, clarifying models,etc.
Set of theoretical considerations defined on the base of logical analysis with facilitating the working difference of promoted objects in the process of real social situations and empirical researches.
There is a small group and social institute in the research of family as social methodology. The objective process of family changes is known despite development its group signs as the institutional
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character of marriage-family relations. Here is A.G. Harchev's two comparative definitions. In his book ‘Marriage and family in USSR' he talked that family is an ‘actual historical system that studies the relationship between married couples, parent and child based on the responsibility of marriage relatives, social life and common moral'.
The article ‘Family researches: in the first stage' explained laws about family as a social institute by the author. If we say that family is a social mechanism which product people, then we can realize that "family – family of relationship – development till the social society". A.G. Harchev mentioned that it should be studied not only one, but at least three definitions. 'In Marx theory the most famous definition: family is a relationship that let to born new generation, a social mechanism that product people. Historical development of this mechanism provides to circle of social society and social institute. In its obligations, the family studies as an element of social structure and depends to the economic basis of society. Because the dominant factor in family and its service are sociological-psychological relations which define the natural base of marriage. Nowadays they consider modern family as an institutional society related to official marriage that is responsible for the upbringing and health of children'.
The understanding of social institute is widely used in foreign researches. Especially in American and European social literature use it more. In this case, F. Beits said about the following stages of defining it.
Firstly, institutes are considered as a huge social observation, preciously social experience struggled with positive and negative sanction systems (for example, personal institute or marriage institute).
Secondly, this definition is about every complicated and meaningful organization or localization (university, prison, hospital, etc.)
Thirdly, the institute is a complicated system of actions and relations which is responsible for certain social functions.
Fourthly, the institute is constructed as a normative and constant social experience, institutionalism is the process of being institute due to every social action system (including entering the person). To analyze social institutes, there are used terms like institute goals and institute functions in comparison with society and other institutions.
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The relationship between institute and society is considered by the system of social necessity and functions.
Using the main directions, explain and features related to the institute's service, social-philosophical and social analysis and the start of people's necessity provisions facilitate to connect total sociological and special social theories.
Norms and traditions change after time, and family could also change in a different stage of life. Necessary analysis of values and norms of family relationships, also damaging non-official sanctions are the reason for tracking. Usually they are done because of wrong opinions about traditions, added resources and religion. Care, relativity, parents and even marriage and divorce are specified in a certain level. Family institute is changeable due to social development and necessity. Features of values, norms, sanctions and family relations are affected by social-economic, ideological, historical factors. Analyzing the family from the social point of view provides questions like these: 1) how does the development and differentiation of social necessity affect to family relations and lifestyle?; 2) which types of family characteristics is depend on social necessity?; 3) how family norms and values are specified in a different ideological, political and social-economic situation? 4) what is the main system of changing it and which direction they change? 5) how it works the social observation of family relation?; 6) how it is linked couples relation with norms relation, values, images of characters and other social ideological elements' role in family relation?
During the learning family institute, there are such definitions as "family relation in social necessity", "social family structure", "norms and values about family marriage relation", "character types in different families", "success in family structure", etc.
Group explains is interesting for marriage, parents and children relations researchers in the family institute. Group processes affect to structure of different group norms, define its family characters. During the explain group characteristic you should stop on the term "small social group". They use it in sociological-psychological works of Soviet literature. According to social psychologist G. Andreev: "small groups contain not big groups, family members are united by social service and be basic of relations group norms and emotional relations of group processes". Family is a small social unit when we
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talk about personal relations with family members. This kind of method let to set relationships between parents and children, dynamic of marriage couple relation. However, interpersonal problems show that its set norms, values and image of characteristics are tightly linked. Group characteristic changes due to social-economic and socialcultural lifestyle.
During the analyze family as a small social group, there are three types:
1.Whole explain of the family: aim and task of a family group, contain and structure, social-demographical structure, group unity, group service and interrelation of a family group, management structure, family relationship, etc.
2.Explain of the group in the social structure in compare with big group and relation. It is important to consider the relation of family structure with society.
3.Goals and tasks about a person, group observation of person in the family, group sanctions, etc., family values, norms, characters, relation with family, the satisfaction of his requirements by family.
There are lots of interpretations to discover a family in group theory. Therefore soviet and foreign literature started to study also small groups to understand the family relationships. Group unity, group dynamic, directed unity, group empathy, the interrelation between persons in the group, entering the person to the group, cooperation, constant, manage structure, role relation, role character, etc. meanings could have a referent in family theory and became the understanding of knowledge. Do not forget that every method has own structure. The paradigm of the sociological institute is related to research understandings of small groups. The first method is sociological; the second is close to a social psychology. Nowadays shown two methods are enough for creating questions as social system of family. Also, let is stop on the "sociological system" meaning. There are lots of definitions for "system", "social system", "systematic method" in V.G. Afanasyev, I.V. Blauberg, V.N. Sadovskyi and others' work. Features of the system are considered by its main components and relationship. There are researched specifies of analyze in the process of work. A systematic method is used in different scientific spheres: economic, international relations, psychology and pedagogy. Aim and tasks of the systematic method is supported by different social
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publishes. It is important to mention about work of G.S.Antipina that related to our scientific work. Usually, it is defined following specifies: unity, two or more than relation types (functional and genetic), structure (organization), hierarchy steps, aim, management, organization, structure, development, etc. Main components:
1)object, parts of a system;
2)object's feature;
3)interior and exterior relations of the researched object;
4)relationship (interior and exterior);
5)phase condition of structure object;
6)different stages, steps, degrees in object development.
As a subject of sociological research it is characterized by a systematic description of the systematic approach, i.e. relation of the main components of the system to their internal and external relations, the structural purpose, genesis and development of the system. Different methods of research on the system in question arise in various terms of the system. The combination of the apparatus of understanding is crucial based on a systematic approach. Their attitudes follow specific difficulties: it is not enough to combine different concepts. Different contradictions provide to logical unity. The results of such work are gradually shown. The first column displays the main components of the social system. The following two columns contain Soviet and foreign literary explanations, structural features of the social institutions and subgroups. Then, in the first one are the relationships with the basic components of the social system. In the last column, the main definitions of the basic monographic concepts and methods of research on marital issues are shown. They are compared to the previous three columns. There are also complemented, defined, compiled on this basis, all the terms in the table. For example, in the literature the concept of "personal family structure" was disseminated, while Soviet literature did not have the appropriate understanding within the framework of group theory. Therefore, based on the basic characteristics of the group, we have considered the concept of the "individual group structure" of subgroups as right. Similarly, the concept of "joining a family to an individual," "family sanctions," "family behavioral patterns" that describes the family has been formed. All of this leads to the systematization of group family characteristics and a step towards integration.
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