- •Asked
- •1)определение
- •2) обстоятельство
- •когда его спросили
- •Having asked
- •обстоятельство:спросив
- •Свойства глагола
- •Grammar revision. Complex Subject
- •Именительный падеж с инфинитивом
- •Complex Subject (сложное подлежащее, «именительный падеж с инфинитивом») состоит из существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в именительном падеже, глагола-сказуемого и инфинитива.
- •Все предложение обычно имеет следующую структуру:
- •The delegation
- •Present
- •Past
- •A MIXED ECONOMY: THE ROLE OF THE MARKET
ажд
Culture Shock
According to some specialists, there are three stages of culture shock. In the first stage, the newcomers like their environment. Then, when the newness wears off, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, the apartment, and everything else in the new culture. In the final stage of culture shock, the newcomers begin to adjust to1 their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more.
Some of the reasons for culture shock are obvious. Maybe the weather is unpleasant. Perhaps the customs are different. Perhaps the public service systems such as the telephone, post office, or transportation are difficult to figure out, and you make mistakes. The simplest things seem difficult.
Culture shock produces a feeling of disorientation. This disorientation may be homesickness, imagined illness or even paranoia (unreasonable fear). Familiarity and experience are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock.
Grammar revision Gerund
Герундий
Герундий (Gerund) - неличная форма глагола, сочетающая в себе свойства глагола и существительного, образуется прибавлением -ing к основе глагола. I like reading. Я люблю читать.
Табл.6
Свойства глагола
1.имеет видо-временные формы
2. имеет формы залога
3.может иметь прямое дополнение
Свойства герундия
1.может быть в предложении подлежащим и выполнять другие функции, которые выполняет существительное
2.в функции обстоятельства и определения имеет предлог
3.определяется местоимением или существительным в притяжательном падеже
64
ажд
Формы герундия
Форма |
Действительный залог |
Страдательный залог |
|
Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
Simple |
Writing |
Being written |
(indefinite) |
|
|
Perfect |
Having written |
Having been written |
В русском языке нет формы, аналогичной форме герундия. На русский язык герундий переводится:
инфинитивом I hate working late on Sundays . - Ненавижу работать по воскресеньям.
отглагольным существительным I like swimming. – Я люблю плавать.
деепричастием He went out without leaving his address – Он ушел, не оставив адреса.
придаточным предложением Excuse me for interrupting you. –
Извините, что я вас прерываю.
Ex.1. People are talking about their jobs. Underline the Gerunds and translate the following sentences into Russian.
1.I enjoy meeting new people.
2.I hate working late at night.
3.I really enjoy working with figures; this kind of work is perfect for me.
4.I don’t mind travelling long distances. It’s tiring but if I don’t visit customers regularly, our competitors will.
5.I like receiving visitors. I usually only speak to them for a few seconds on the phone so I like to visit them on person.
Ex.2. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to Gerund
1.You may wait anywhere from ten minutes to an hour before engaging in business conversation.
2.Meetings are necessary in establishing relationships for future business, and in negotiating deals.
3.By learning how to approach these situations functionally, you will be able
to deal with the dynamics of any meeting.
65
ажд
4.Excuse me, would you mind repeating that, please?
5.Thank you for letting me know that.
6.I am truly grateful to you for helping me (for your advice).
7.Thank you for inviting me to your company office.
8.Thank you for contributing so much to the arranging of the meeting.
9.I wish to offer my sincere apologies for taking so long to answer your letter.
10.Thank you for advising us that you never received the 14 tons of coal covered on your purchase order No. 1239 dated S April2000.
11.I wonder if you would mind repeating that for me.
12.Would you mind spelling that (word, name) for me? 13.Don’t worry about taking notes.
14.Learning foreign words or dialogues to take a trip abroad hardly merits a big investment in time and effort.
15.Learning a foreign language leads to a better understanding of cultures and mentalities different from one's own.
16. Learning a language opens the door to great literatures and philosophies.
66
ажд
Chapter 6 / Better Business Letters
Глава 6 / Пишем деловые письма
Business correspondence is very important in any type of human activity. As with small talk and phone calls letter writing is ruled by formulas. This chapter provides a ready reference for business letters.
Once you have learned a standard way of organizing and wording a letter, you will be able to write any letter. What follows is a simplified approach to writing standard business letters: sales, introduction, follow-up, complaint, rejection, and prospecting.
Business letters are particularly important in international commerce too. Often it is the only representation of yourself and your company with a foreign counterpart. You make an impression by the tone of your letter, and by correct, tactful, and polite language.
We use standard greetings in letters in conformity with tradition, and it is essential to follow these. Whatever creativity you wish to express, do so in the body of the letter. Individualism is not appropriate in standard greetings of a formal business letter; tradition is accepted and expected.
Composition of Business Letter / Составление делового письма
Maison d’Antiquites |
АДРЕС |
29, rue Vavin |
ОТПРАВИТЕЛЯ |
Paris, XIVeme |
/ HEADING |
France |
|
July 1, 2010 |
ДАТА / DATE |
Mr. Jan Van der Reep |
АДРЕСАТ |
Estate Specialist Associates |
И |
Haarlem |
ЕГО АДРЕС |
The Netherlands |
/ INSIDE ADDRESS |
67 |
|
ажд
Dear Mr. Van der Reep: |
ОБРАЩЕНИЕ / GREETING |
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ПИСЬМА / BODY OF THE LETTER
(INTRODUCTION – ВСТУПЛЕНИЕ)
I’m writing to introduce myself and my company. My name is Jean-Paul Richard and I with an antiques company in Paris.
(ПРЕДМЕТ ИЗЛОЖЕНИЯ – SUBJECT)
Our company would like to establish ties with you for a mutually beneficial relationship. We buy and sell antiques. It is our understanding that you, as estate appraisers and consultants, are involved in the disposition of antique furnishings.
(CONCLUSION – ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ)
I am enclosing my card and our company brochure. It would be a great pleasure to meet with you personally. I will be calling you next week to see what we can arrange.
Yours truly, |
ЗАВЕРШЕНИЕ / ENDING |
Jean-Paul Richard |
ПОДПИСЬ / SIGNATURE |
Executive Director |
|
Enclosures: brochure, business card. |
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ / ENCLOSURE |
Обратите внимание, что вы можете сделать отступ в начале каждого абзаца в 3-5 знаков, а можете не делать красной строки – оба способа являются грамотными.
Если вы хотите сократить написание даты, помните, что в США даты пишутся в последовательности месяц – день – год: 3/12/10 означает 12 марта
2010 года.
Greeting / Вступительное обращение
Когда письмо адресовано конкретному лицу, используйте форму Dear (Дорогой) с фамилией этого лица (укажите должность, если фамилия и пол неизвестны). Если у вас имеются какие-либо сомнения относительно правильности на писания имени и фамилии лица, то лучше заблаговременно выяснить это, чем подвергать себя риску их неправильного употребления.
В некоторых странах к лицу принято обращаться по последнему из написанных имен (в США последней пишется фамилия). В Японии,
68
ажд
например, к Тошики Иошикаве надо обращаться как к господину Тошики, а к Джерри Чану, чье имя (Джерри) западного происхождения, необходимо обращаться как к господину Чану.
В некоторых странах используются формы обращения Еngineer и Аrchitect (инженер, архитектор).
Однако в большинстве стран основными формами обращения являются Мr, Мrs, Мiss, Messrs. (Господин, Госпожа, Мисс, Господа) или ученый титул Dr. (Доктор).
Форма обращения Мs. (Миз) не является общепринятой нигде, кроме США. Для компаний и фирм приняты следующие обращения: Ladies and Gentlemen (Дамы и господа), Ladies / Mesdames (Леди / Мадам – только к женщинам), Gentlemen (Господа – только к мужчинам).
Helpful Expressions in Business Corresponence / Полезные выражения в деловой переписке
Requests / Просьбы
Could you please tell me…
I would be glad to know…
We would be obliged if you could inform us…
Would you please let me know as soon as possible whether you would be willing…
We would be pleased to hear from you concerning…
I am writing to ask you whether you might be interested in buying…
Is there anything that could be done about this?
Будьте добры, сообщите, пожалуйста…
Я был бы рад узнать…
Мы будем обязаны Вам, если Вы сможете известить нас…
Будьте добры, сообщите как можно скорее, желаете ли Вы…
Будем рады, если Вы напишете нам относительно…
Пишу для того, чтобы спросить, может ли Вас заинтересовать покупка…
Можно ли предпринять что-либо по этому поводу?
69
ажд
I would appreciate if you would send me your new catalogue (samples).
Reports / Сообщения
We hereby advise…
Please be advised that…
Let me inform you that…
This is to certify that…
Please take note that…
I am writing to confirm that…
There are no problems with regard to…
We are of a different opinion…
We wish to draw your attention to the fact that…
Please find enclosed…
As you know from previous correspondence…
We have carefully considered your proposal.
We agree to your proposal.
Был бы Вам признателен, если бы Вы прислали мне Ваш новый каталог (образцы).
Настоящим сообщаем…
Примите, пожалуйста, к сведению, что…
Позвольте сообщить,…
Настоящим удостоверяется…
Обратите, пожалуйста, внимание, что…
Пишу, чтобы подтвердить, что…
Нет проблем в отношении…
Мы придерживаемся другого мнения…
Обращаем Ваше внимание на то, что…
К письму прилагается…
Как Вы знаете из предыдущей переписки…
Мы внимательно рассмотрели Ваше предложение.
Мы согласны на Ваше предложение.
70
ажд
Hope / Надежда на что-либо
I hope you won’t mind if…
We very much hope that you will come to a positive decision on…
We expect you to use every effort to…
I hope to have further news for you before too long.
I sincerely hope you will be able to help me in this matter.
We look forward to hearing your further proposal soon.
I look forward to cooperating with you on this new venture.
Gratitude / Благодарность
Надеюсь, Вы не будете возражать, если…
Очень надеемся, что Вы придете к положительному решению относительно…
Мы полагаем, что Вы приложите все усилия для…
Надеюсь, что буду иметь для Вас новости довольно скоро.
Искренне надеюсь, что Вы сможете помочь мне в этом деле.
Мы рассчитываем получить вскоре Ваши дальнейшие предложения.
Рассчитываю на сотрудничество с Вами в этом новом предприятии.
I am writing to thank you very much indeed for…
It is very kind of you to…
May I take this opportunity of thanking you for…
Thank you for letting me know that…
Пишу, чтобы сердечно поблагодарить Вас за…
Очень любезно с Вашей стороны…
Позвольте воспользоваться случаем, чтобы поблагодарить Вас за…
Благодарю за сообщение о том, что…
71
ажд
I wish to express my appreciation for all your efforts.
I am truly grateful to you for helping me (for your advice).
Thank you for inviting me to your company office.
I am writing to thank you again for your wonderful hospitality.
Thank you for contributing so much to…
Apologies / Извинения
My apologies for…
Please accept our apologies for…
I wish to offer my sincere apologies for taking so long to answer your letter.
I wish to offer my sincere apologies for задержку, которая про изошла не по нашей вине.
I sincerely regret that…
I am sorry, but I cannot be of assistance to you in this matter.
Хочу выразить благодарность за все Ваши усилия.
Я очень благодарен Вам за помощь (за Ваш совет).
Благодарю за приглашение посетить офис Вашей фирмы
Пишу, чтобы вновь поблагодарить Вас за Ваше замечательное гостеприимство.
Благодарим за столь большой вклад в…
Приношу свои извинения…
Примите, пожалуйста, наши извинения за…
Хочу принести свои самые искренние извинения за то, что долго не отвечал на Ваше письмо.
Хочу принести свои самые искренние извинения за задержку, которая произошла не по нашей вине.
Я искренне сожалею, что…
Извините, но я не могу помочь Вам в этом деле.
72
ажд
Dissatisfaction / Недовольство
We are not happy about the terms you suggested.
I simply cannot understand why you did not tell us…
I am most disturbed that you will not be able to…
This sets up a chain involving several complications.
I am very disappointed about this fact.
This, I am sure you will agree, is not a good way to conduct business.
I am afraid we’ll have to cancel the agreement.
Answers to Proposals / Ответы на предложения
Мы не удовлетворены предложенными условиями.
Я просто не могу понять, почему Вы не предупредили нас…
Меня очень беспокоит то, что Вы не сможете…
Это вызывает цепь определенных затруднений.
Я очень огорчен данным обстоятельством.
Это, уверен, Вы согласитесь, не лучший способ вести дела.
Боюсь, нам придется расторгнуть договор.
We can promise delivery within four weeks if we receive your order immediately.
We are obliged for your letter of 12 May in which you enquire…
In reply to request for our catalogue, we enclose a copy herewith, and we hope it will be helpful to you.
Мы можем обещать поставку в течение четырех недель, если получим Ваш заказ незамедлительно.
Мы признательны за Ваше письмо от 12 мая, в котором Вы спрашиваете…
В ответ на просьбу прислать Вам наш каталог прилагаем к письму экземпляр каталога и надеемся, что он будет Вам полезен.
73
ажд
We were very pleased to receive your letter in reply to our advertisement.
Мы были очень рады получить от Вас письмо в ответ на наше объявление.
Ending / Завершение
Письмо можно закончить при помощи:
Yours truly, Sincerely yours (Искренне Ваш), Very truly yours, Very sincerely yours (С самым искреннем уважением Ваш) или Cordially (Сердечно).
Если вы хорошо знакомы с адресатом, можно использовать:
Best regards или Best personal regards (С наилучшими пожеланиями).
Иногда, если вы обращаетесь к человеку, занимающему очень высокое положение, – судье, полицейскому, профессору, – можете использовать выражение: Respectfully submitted, а также Respectfully или Respectfully yours (С уважением Ваш – официально).
В этих выражениях первое слово пишется с большой буквы.
The Simplest Business Deal
A series of business letters leading to the conclusion of a transaction usually includes the following sorts of letters: enquiries, replies to enquiries, offers, orders, order confirmations, advice of shipment, complaints and adjustment letters, and agency letters.
All these types of letters will be discussed in detail below, but to give a schematic idea of a business transaction, the following simple transaction with short letters has been selected.
transaction – сделка
agency letters – письма об агентских услугах
offer n – предложение enquiry n – запрос
reply to enquiry – ответ на запрос complaint – претензия, рекламация
order n – заказ
order confirmation – подтверждение заказа
advice of shipment – сообщение об отгрузке
adjustment letters – письма по исправлению претензий
74
ажд
Full-Block Letter Format / Полноформатное письмо
INTERNATIONAL SUIT DISTRIBUTORS
100 KENNEDY CIRCLE
CAMDEN, NJ 08103
U.S.A.
phone 609-555—0101 / fax 609-555—0102
May 1, 2010
Your reference 00012
Mr. Li Hao Chung, President Taipei Suit Company Ltd. 2121 Fu Hsing Road, 6th Floor Taipei 11549, Taiwan
Dear Mr. Li:
Thank you for your kind invitation to visit the Taipei Suit Company June 6 and 7, 2010.
Mr. Roier and I are pleased to accept your invitation to learn more about your company’s products. Taipei apparel is admired both in the offices of International Suit Distributors and throughout the United States.
We look forward to meeting you on June 6 and will send you details about our arrival when our travel arrangements are complete.
Sincerely yours,
(Ms.) Deanne Sidwell
General Manager
75
ажд
Prospecting Letter / Рекламное письмо-предложение
Asian Beauty Products
450 Sutter Street Suite 102
San Francisco
March 12, 2010
Chan’s Beauty Spa
125 Maiden Lane
San Francisco
Dear Ms Chan:
My name is Sondra Kim and I am an account representative with Asian Beauty Products, Inc. in San Francisco.
The reason I am writing to you is that we have an exceptional new line of cosmetic products that give long-lasting improvement in skin and hair, and that have been good sellers in many salons.
I am enclosing a brochure and price list for your consideration. I would like to call on you next week, give you some samples, and see if you have an interest in learning more about our products. I look forward to talking to you at that time.
Sincerely, Sondra Kim
Enclosures: brochure, price list.
Follow-up Letter / Письмо-напоминание
India Silks
Bombay, India
April 12, 2010
M. Meurice Joubert
Moroccan Trading Company
Marrakesh, Morocco
76
ажд
Dear M. Joubert:
I would like to say what a pleasure it was to have met you last Thursday. My thanks for having given me that opportunity
As you know, we are looking for an exporter for our uniquely designed dresses. We think your company would best represent us.
Let me add that I hope we will have a profitable business relationship, and I look forward to working with you in the future.
Yours truly,
Ravi Patel
Account Executive
Complaint Letter / Рекламационное письмо
Tom Brown 189-9 Kent Street
Smithville, Ohio 37703 February 15, 2011
Software Unlimited, Inc.
2233 Connection Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20008
Attn: Customer Service
To Whom It May Concern:
Please cancel my account and give me a full refund on my credit card. I was unable to use your software on my computer and loading it onto my computer gave me problems with other existing software.
When requesting a refund, I was told by one of your phone assistants that I could not cancel my account by fax without losing $50 set-up fee. I was also informed that I needed to write a letter of explanation to the Customer Service Department in order to get my money back.
I find this system extremely frustrating. I should be able to receive an approval of my refund by fax or phone call. I must say I am disappointed with your software and your company.
Yours truly,
Tom Brown
77
ажд
Response to a Complaint Letter / Oтвет на рекламационное письмо
Software Unlimited, Inc.
2233 Connection Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20008
February 25, 2011
Tom Brown
189-9 Kent Street
Smithville, Ohio 37703
Dear Sir:
We have received your letter, and I am writing to you on behalf of our company. We appreciate your having taken the time to write us about your problem. We are always trying to improve our product and services.
We have cancelled your account as you requested and are sending you a refund. We apologize for the lengthy process in recovering the set fee; we are in the process of changing our policy so that refunds will be made more quickly.
We are sorry for any inconvenience this situation may have caused you. Should you have any further questions, please call me.
Sincerely,
Noelle Randall
Customer Service
Rejection Letter / Отказное письмо
2500 North Fruitridge Road
Terre Haute, Indiana 47811
October 9, 2009
Ms. Andrews
109 Glimmer Circle
Larchmont, New York 10107
78
ажд
Dear Ms. Andrews
Thank you for taking the time to submit your bid to do the construction and installation for our Happy Homes project. We appreciate the time and effort you spent in preparing this.
Unfortunately we must decline your bid at this time, as we have awarded the job to another company that has considerable experience in this type of project.
We thank you for your participation and hope we will be able to use your services at some time in the future.
Sincerely,
Michael Ellsworth, Manager
Happy Homes
Collection Letter / Инкассационное письмо
GLEASON’S DEPARTMENT STORE
2297 Front Street
Phoenix, Arizona 99075
April 24, 2010
Dear Madam:
Two months ago you purchased a physical fitness and training program from our gym. This program is a twelve-week, four-times-a-week intensive course with one of our expert trainers. At that time, you promised to pay $500 for this service, which we allowed you to begin without a deposit.
Five weeks have passed and we are disappointed that we have not received any money from you. Perhaps it has slipped your attention, and we would like to give you the opportunity to fulfill your obligation to us.
Please call our Accounting Department immediately and let us when we can expect payment.
Yours truly,
Ms. Sarah Lambert, Manager Accounting Department
cc. (carbon copy) Collections Office
79
ажд
Practice Drills
1.Give some variations of Yours truly.
2.What is the difference between Yours truly and Best regards?
3.What does the expression I look forward to mean?
4.What is the abbreviation for carbon copy?
5.What is the abbreviation of electronic mail?
6.Most business letter salutations begin this way: ___________.
7.When you are sending a letter to a superior, such as a judge, a teacher, or diplomat, you might sign your letter: ____________submitted.
8.Friends and relatives usually sign off this way: ____________.
9.When you are sending regards, you say: __________regards.
10.What is a common way to end a business letter?
11.Read and translate the following business letters, give brief summaries of them:
BUSINESS LETTER 1
UNITED DENTAL CARE CORP.
208 Eastside Road
Columbus, Ohio 37891
November 9, 2011
Mrs. F. Jones
Marcus Drugstore
15 Ellison Place
Mansfield, Ohio 37048
Re: CLAIM ON TOOTHPASTE QUALITY
Dear Mrs. F. Jones
It is upsetting to learn that you have problems with our toothpaste.
Tony Mailer, our representative, will meet you on Wednesday morning, 15 November to investigate the problem. He will take the samples which will be forwarded to our Quality Control Department for analysis.
We assure you that the problem will be promptly resolved to your satisfaction. Please accept our apologies for inconvenience.
80
ажд
MICHAEL RAINBOW,
VICE-PRESIDENT
MR
BUSINESS LETTER 2
FLANAGAN’S DEPARTMENT STORE
12207 Sunset Strip
LosAngeles, California 91417
June 7, 2011
Ketchum Collection Agency
1267 Hollywood Boulevard
Los Angeles, California 91401
ATTENTION: MRS. TERRY ROBERTS
Gentlemen:
Subject: Mr. Gary Daniels, Account #69 112 003
We would like to turn over to your services the account of Mr. Gary Daniels, 4441 Natick Avenue, Sherman Oaks, California 91418. The balance on Mr. Daniels’ account, $829.95, is now 120 days past due; and, although we have sent him four statements and five letters, we have been unable to collect his debt.
Mr. Daniels is employed by West Coast Furniture Showrooms, Inc. He banks at the Natick Avenue branch of Third National City Bank and has been a customer of ours for four years. We have enclosed his file for your reference.
We are confident that we can rely on Ketchum as we have in the past. Please let us know if there is any further information with which we can furnish you.
Sincerely yours,
FLANAGAN’S DEPARTMENT STORE Martha Fayman
Credit Manager MF/wg Enclosure
cc Mr. Norman Hyman
81
ажд
BUSINESS LETTER 3
ROUGUSONS ELECTRONICS
21 Mead Road
Swansea, Glamorgan 3ST 1DR
January 15, 20_
Mr. R. Brown
Homemakers Ltd.
54-59 Riverside
Cardiff CFI IJW
Dear Mr. Brown,
Thank you for inquiry about our new tape-recorder. I am enclosing our brochure, which general information about the product.
In answer to your specific questions: I. It costs £ 300 + VAT at 13.5%.
2.We offer a discount of 5% on orders of 5 units or more.
3.We will be able to deliver your order within 10 days of receiving it.
4.Unless you already have an account with us, we will require payment with your order.
If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely Yours,
Robert Roughson
General Manager
RR
Enc: Brochure
BUSINESS LETTER 4
STATE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
Preston New Road
Denver, Colorado 61043
82
ажд
July 14, 20_
Mr. C. Bennett
Glaston Potteries Inc.
20-13 Vorley Road
Little-Rock, Arkansas 46678
Subject: Request for Marketing Information
Dear Mr. Bennett,
Thank you for your letter of 2 July. The provision of a list of commercial and industrial wholesalers and distributors will constitute a chargeable enquiry. The approximate cost of this service will be $300. The list will be sent to you approximately six weeks from the date of payment receipt.
If you wish to pursue the inquiry, you should contact the nearest branch of our information department.
I should be grateful if you could send trade literature on you products and company.
Faithfully yours,
Tony Dillman
Office Manager
TD
BUSINESS LETTER 5
JASONS COAL MINING LTD.
Head Office, Bruce House
Bruce Street, Aberdeen AB9 1FR
March 25, 2000
Mr. J. Simpson
Claims Department
Kent, Clarke & Co. Ltd.
South Bank House
Borough Road
London SE1 OAA
83
ажд
Dear Mr. Simpson,
Thank you for advising us that you never received the 14 tons of coal covered on your purchase order No. 1239 dated S April2000.
The coal was shipped on 16 April2000. A tracer is being initiated and we will notify you as soon as the information becomes available.
If we are unable to determine the status, we will immediately release a duplicate shipment.
We are sorry for this situation and assure you of our prompt attention.
Yours sincerely,
Emily Snake
Shipment Department
ES
BUSINESS LETTER 6
MAHONEY AND MILLMAN, INC
1951 Benson Street
Bronx, New York 10465
May 2, 20_
RBM Manufacturing Company, Inc.
4022 Ninth Avenue
New York, New York 10055
Dear Sirs
We intend to purchase a new office copier before the end of the fiscal year. We would like to consider an RBM copier and wonder if you have a model that would suit our needs.
Our office is small, and a copier would generally be used by only three secretaries. We run approximately 3,000 copies a month and prefer a machine that uses regular paper. We would like a SCX-4200 Model, but rarely need to run off more than 25 copies at any one time.
We would also like to know about your warranty and repair service. Since our fiscal year ends June 30,20__, we hope to hear from you soon.
84
ажд
Sincerely yours,
William Wilson
Office Manager
WW
BUSINESS LETTER 7
Donald Paton
183-9 Kent Street
Smithville, Ohio 37703
10 June, 20__
Mr. M. Greenbaum
Marketing Manager
Austin Motors Pty.
21 Mead Road
Birmingham B3 3EL
UNITED KINGDOM
Dear Mr. Greenbaum:
I am taking a course in Principles of Advertising at Smithville Community College in Smithville, Ohio, and am doing my term project on the ways in which British automobile manufacturers are now competing in the small-car market.
I would therefore greatly appreciate your sending me the following specifications on the new RX-7:
1.Fuel economy statistics.
2.Technological advances (such as steering system, brake system, and engine capacity).
3.Available options.
I would also find it very helpful if you told me in which magazine (or other mass media) you began your advertising campaign.
I am certain my classmates will find this information extremely interesting. I will be sure to send you a copy of my report as soon as it is complete.
Respectfully yours,
D. Paton
85
ажд
BUSINESS LETTER 8
CONDO CORPORATION
209 West Street
Kingston, Jamaica, W.I.
October 2, 20_
The Executive Inn
2 Main Street
Evansville, Illinois 60821
Dear Sirs,
Please reserve a double room with bath for Mrs. Linda Lettman for October 2729. Mrs. Lettman, executive of the Condo Corporation, will arrive at the hotel at approximately 6P.M. on October 27.
While in Evansville, Mrs. Lettman will meet with six members of the local Chamber of Commerce. She would, therefore, like to reserve the use of a small conference room for the morning of October 28, from about 9 A.M. until noon.
Please let us know the rates for both Mrs. Lettman’s accommodations and the conference room, and confirm this reservation.
Truly yours,
M. Stewart, Manager
BUSINESS LETTER 9
THE COMMITTEE TO KEEP MINNESOTA GREEN
24 North Main Street
Blackduck, Minnesota 56630
July3, 20_
Mrs. Christine Solars
Solars and Wright
62 Onigum Road
Walker, Mihnesota 56484
86
ажд
Dear Mrs. Solars:
We are pleased that you will be participating in the Ecology Colloquium sponsored by the Committee to Keep Minnesota Green. As we discussed in our recent conversation, the Colloquium will take place on June 29 in the convention room at the Blackburn Inn.
The Colloquium will begin with the keynote address at 10:30 A.M. At 11:00, you will join our other guests of honor in a debate on the topic, «The Cost of Conservation: Public or Private Responsibilities?»
Along with the other members of the Committee, I am looking forward to our meeting on the 29th.
Sincerely yours,
David Marston
Chairman
BUSINESS LETTER 10
THE BARCLAY
5500 South 96th Street
Omaha, Nebraska 68127
August 10, 20_
Mr. Albert Dunnell
2233 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington DC 20008
Dear Mr. Dunnell,
This letter will confirm your reservation for a single room with bath for August 2427. Your room will be available after 2 P.M. on the 24th.
Since you will be arriving in Omaha by plane, you may want to take advantage of The Barclay’s Shuttle. Our limousine departs from the domestic terminal every hour on the half hour, and the service is free for guests of the hotel.
Cordially yours,
M. Allison, Manager
87
ажд
BUSINESS LETTER 11
OLSEN’S UPHOLSTERY LTD.
72 Preston New Road
Blackpool, Lancashire FY4 4UL
7 August 20_
Mr. D. Norton
Tib Street
Maidenhead
Berks SL65D2
Dear Mr. Norton,
Thank you for your order of October 22 for 6 rolls of black nylon webbing. We are eager to deliver Order 129 to your store as soon as possible.
But first, please let us know whether you’d like the webbing in 1-, 1.3- or 1.5- inch widths. If you note your preference on the bottom of this letter and mail it back to us today, we can have your order ready by the beginning of next week.
Olsen’s Upholstery products are among the finest made, and we’re sure you’d like to receive your purchase without further delay.
Sincerely yours,
K. Winford
Sales Manager
BUSINESS LETTER 12
SILVER IMPORTS, LTD.
609 San Anselmo Avenue
San Anselmo, California 94960
March 4, 20_
Mrs. Bonnie Comm
Bonnie’s Baubles
4091 West Ninth Street
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27102
88
ажд
Dear Mrs Corum,
Thank you for your recent order, number 622. We are always especially delighted to serve an old friend.
Your six pairs of Chinese Knot earrings (item 15b) and one dozen Primrose pendants (item 8a) have been shipped by United Parcel and should arrive at your boutique within the week.
Unfortunately, our stock of bracelets (item 9d) has been depleted because of a delay in shipments from China. Our craftsmen have been at great pains to keep up with the demand for these bracelets. We have put your one dozen bracelets on back order and hope to have them on their way to you before the end of the month.
Very truly yours,
Chun Lee
Manager
BUSINESS LETTER 13
BOOKS-BY-MAIL
P.O. Box 799
Dallas, Texas 75220
April 10, 20_
Mrs. Donna Phillips
Crosby, Texas 77532
Dear Mrs. Phillips,
Thank you so much for ordering Indra Masher’s outstanding book «An Introduction to Indian Cooking». As you know, in the fifteen years since its first publication, Mr. Masher’s book has become a classic and a standard for great cooks everywhere.
Sadly, «An Introduction» is no longer in print, and I am returning your check for $15.95. But to satisfy your interest in Indian cuisine, I would like to suggest an alternative, Purnamattie Jaffrey’s «Indian Gourmet». Mrs. Jaffrey was a student of Mr. Masher, and her recently published volume has been widely hailed by both food and cookbook critics.
If you would like a copy of «Indian Gourmet», which costs only $13.95, please let me know, and I will immediately send it to you.
89
ажд
Cordially,
David Ewing
Order Department
BUSINESS LETTER 14
Lindon’s Co
Kernigan, Jakarta 12950 Indonesia
March 25, 2011
Bridges & Co. Ltd.
32 Highgate, West hill, London SE
England
Dear Messrs Fox and Hill,
With reference to your letter of 5 February, 2011 and further to our telephone conversation I’m pleased to inform you that our deal has been successfully completed. In accordance with our preliminary arrangement I’ll report you periodically about any changes.
I would be grateful if you could send a reply at your earliest opportunity. Please find enclosed our latest catalogue.
Sincerely yours,
Jack Grey
Grammar revision. Infinitive
Инфинитив
Инфинитив (Infinitive) - это неличная форма глагола, обладающая свойствами как существительного, так и глагола. Инфинитив имеет 3 временные формы, выражающие одновременность или законченность действия, а также залог. Признаком инфинитива является to перед глаголом. В предложении инфинитив выполняет функции подлежащего, дополнения, обстоятельства цели, составного сказуемого.
To read is interesting. Читать - это интересно.
90
ажд
I like to read very much. Я очень люблю читать.
Табл.7.
|
Группа времен |
Действительный |
Страдательный |
|
|
залог |
залог |
|
|
Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
Indefinite(Simple)выражает |
to write |
to be written |
|
действие, одновременное |
писать |
быть написанным |
|
с действием глагола-сказуемого |
|
|
|
Continuous |
выражает длительное |
to be writing |
- |
действие, |
продолжающееся |
писать ( в определенный |
|
одновременно с действием глагола- |
момент) |
|
|
сказуемого |
|
|
|
Perfect выражает действие, |
to have written |
to have been written |
|
предшествующее действию глагола- |
уже написать (до |
уже быть |
|
сказуемого |
|
какого-то определенного |
написанным(до какого- |
|
|
момента) |
то определенного |
|
|
|
момента) |
Ex.1. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the Infinitive. Underline the Infinitives and say what form of the Infinitive is given.
1.I was surprised to see Ann there.
2.I wasn’t able to understand the timetable.
3.I got up early in order to be ready to leave at eight.
4.The computer needs to be repaired.
5.She was so sorry not to have seen Bill.
6.I seem to have disappointed Mr Dick yesterday.
7.Try not to be late.
8.She may be travelling in Europe now.
9.Your printer will be repaired by Tuesday.
10.You could have been promoted if you hadn’t been so easy-going.
11.It’s important to listen to people.
12.You should have told me you were ill.
13.I’d like to go home early today.
14.I have to work right now.
15.Your advertisement will be posted today.
16.She must be preparing for the tomorrow’s presentation now – I can see the light in her office.
17.We don’t allow people to smoke here.
18.Sorry – I forgot to post the letters.
19.I regret to have told you that I have failed my examinations.
20.I ‘m happy to have a chance to talk to you.
Complex Object
Винительный падеж с инфинитивом
91
ажд
глагол |
+ |
дополнение |
+ |
инфинитив |
Инфинитивный оборот Complex Object (сложное дополнение, винительный падеж с инфинитивом) употребляется после глаголов, выражающих восприятие посредством органов чувств (to see - видеть, to hear – слышать, to fell – чувствовать и т.д.), желание (to want – хотеть, to like – нравиться и т. д.), предположение (to expect – предполагать, to consider - считать , to find – находить, to know – знать и т. д.) просьбу, приказ (to ask - просить и т.д.)
He asked her to help him. – Он попросил ее помочь ему.
I saw him crossing the street. Я видел, как он переходил улицу.
Ex.1 Translate into Russian paying attention to the Complex Object.
1.I want Ms Watson to help me. I expect her to come soon.
2.I expect the goods to be delivered in a month.
3.I saw her enter the office at 3 pm.
4.I heard him mention her name during the meeting.
5.I wish the work to be done by Friday.
6.I saw the luggage put into the car.
7.I suppose him to be suitable for the position of the manager.
8.I consider him to be a clever man.
9.I know them to be right.
10.The director found the terms of the delivery to be unsatisfactory.
11.I expect George to be promoted soon.
12.Mrs Black heard the flight announced.
13.I had my luggage weighted.
14.He had his luggage registered half an hour ago.
15.I watched him packing the luggage.
16.I saw him waiting for the taxi.
17.She wants Mrs Stevenson to look through the report before the presentation.
18.He advised me to try to find a new job.
19.Mr Dickenson made me apologize for my unprofessional behavior.
92
ажд
Chapter 7 / Contracts and Their Performance
Глава 7 / Контракты и их исполнение
A Contract is a business agreement on work to be done, rates to be paid, goods to be sold or bought. It is also a document embodying such an agreement.
Contracts are concluded either between companies in one and the same country, or internationally, i.e. between organizations of different countries. Every international contract has several standard parts which are obligatory. Most frequently these necessary parts of the contract include the following:
–legal addresses of the contracting parties;
–the subject matter of the contract, i.e., what this business agreement is about. Usually this also includes the total amount of money involved and the denomination of goods bought or sold under the provision of this contract (or the type of service agreed upon);
–the detailed description of goods: their price, quality and quantity, packing and marking, etc.,
–the terms of delivery (the most usual ones being F.O.B., F.O.R., C.I.F., C. & F., F.I.O.S., F.I.O., and others);
–the length of duration of the contract, i.e. over what span of time the obligations arising out of it are valid;
–the terms and procedure of payment, banking details;
–arbitration;
–claims and their settlement;
–guarantee period (if any);
–other conditions.
All contracts consist of clauses, which are numbered, and sometimes of subclauses, and even of sub-subclauses as well. In the negotiations or correspondence one can refer to the specific clause and subclause, e.g. «according to the clause 7.5. of the contract number…», or «as specified by clause 5.4.3. of the present contract ...».
93
ажд
Contract No. 1
Moscow
May 22, 2010
Russian Foreign Trade Association «Almazjuvelirexport», Moscow, hereinafter referred to as the Sellers, on the one part, and ABC, Inc. hereinafter referred to as Buyers, on the other part, have concluded the present Contract to the following effect:
I. Subject Matter of Contract
The Sellers have sold and the Buyers have bought c.i.f. airport Stuttgart, Germany as per Specifications Nos. 120874-77 attached to the present Contract. The above Specifications form an integral part of the present Contract. The total value of the goods under the present Contract makes 105200 US dollars. Partial shipments are not allowed.
II. Price of Goods
The price of the goods is fixed in US dollars.
III. Quality of Goods
The quality of the goods sold under the present Contract shall conform to the State Standards and Technical Conditions existing on Russia for these goods.
The Sellers guarantee the high quality of the materials used in the manufacture of the equipment.
Контракт № 1
Москва
Maй 22, 2010
Российское хозрасчетное внешнеторговое Объединение «Алмазювелирэкспорт» Москва, именуемое в дальнейшем Продавец, с одной стороны, и корпорация ABC, именуемое в дальнейшем Покупатель, с другой стороны, заключили контракт о нижеследующем.
1. Предмет контракта
Продавец продал, а Покупатель купил на условиях СИФ аэропорт Штутгарт, Германия, согласно спецификациям № 120874-77, прилагаемым к настоящему контракту. Указанные спецификации являются неотъемлемой частью настоящего контракта. Общая стоимость товаров по контракту составляет 105200 американских долларов. Частичная отгрузка товаров не разрешается.
II. Цена товара
Цена на товар установлена в американских долларах.
III. Качество товара
Качество товара, проданного по настоящему контракту, должно соответствовать государственным стандартам и техническим условиям, существующим в России на эти товары. Продавец гарантирует высокое качество используемых для изготовления оборудования материалов.
94
ажд
IV. Packing and Marking
The goods will be packed in wooden cases or millboard boxes and marked as follows:
1)gross weight;
2)name and address of the Receiver;
3)Sender’s name and address.
V. Delivery and Acceptance of Goods
The goods will be considered as delivered by the Sellers and accepted by the Buyers:
1)as regards the gross weight and the number of cases – in accordance with the weight and the number of cases stated in an airway bill;
2)as regards the net weight and the quality – in accordance with the Sellers’ Specification. The date of an airway bill is to be considered as the date of delivery. The goods are to be shipped to the address: ABC, Inc., Beethovenstrasse 17, 2104 Stuttgart 10, Germany.
VI. Insurance
Goods shall be insured by the Sellers with the Ingosstrakh of Russia on conditions «against all risks» subject to paragraph 2. clause 1 of the Transport Insurance Rules.
Insurance Policy to be issued in the name of the Buyers for 10 % of the c.i.f. value of the goods.
Insurance from war and strike risks to be made at the Buyers’ request and for their account.
95
IV. Упаковка и маркировка
Товары упаковываются в деревянные ящики или ящики из толстого картона, на которых маркируется следующее:
1) вес брутто; 2) наименование и адрес Получателя; 3)наименование и адрес Отправителя.
V. Сдача и приемка товара
Товар считается сданным Продавцу и принятым Покупателем:
1)по весу брутто и количеству мест – согласно весу и количеству мест, указанным в авиагрузовой накладной;
2)по весу нетто и качеству – согласно спецификации Продавца. датой поставки считается дата авиагрузовой накладной. Товар отправляется по адресу: корпорация ABC, Бетховенштрассе 17, 2104 Штутгарт 10, Германия.
VI. Страхование
Товары должны быть застрахованы Продавцом в Ингосстрахе России на условиях «с ответственностью за все риски» в соответствии с Правилами транспортного страхования грузов Ингосстраха России § 2, пункт 1.
Страховой полис выдается на имя Покупателя на 10 % от стоимости СИФ товаров.
Страхование от военных и забастовочных рисков производится по просьбе Покупателя и за его счет.
ажд
VII. Terms of Payment
Payment for the goods will be made by the Buyers within 15 days from the date of the present Contract by way of remitting to the account of B V/O «Almazjuvelirexport» with the Russian Bank for Foreign Trade, Moscow, the full value of the goods to be shipped against the present Contract.
Not later than 10 days after receipt of payment the Sellers shall effect shipment of the goods to the Buyers. All expenses connected with payment as well as bank commission will be paid by the Buyers.
Should the Buyers fail to observe the terms of payment stipulated in the Contract, the Buyers shall have to pay to the Sellers a fine in the amount of 0.1 per cent of the value of the goods to be delivered under the present Contract for each day of delay within 30 days.
After the expiry of 30 days no further fine will be charged, but the Buyers in addition to the sum of the fine charged will pay to the Sellers a penalty amounting to 10 per cent of the goods’ value to be delivered under the Contract.
In this case the Sellers will be relieved of their obligations to deliver the goods under the present Contract and the Buyers shall have no right to submit to the Sellers any claim with regard to non-fulfilment of the Contract.
VII. Платеж
Платеж за товар будет производиться Покупателем в течение 15 дней с даты подписания настоящего контракта путем перевода на счет В/О «Алмазювелирэкспорт» в Банке для Внешней Торговли России в Москве полной стоимости товара, который должен быть отгружен по настоящему контракту.
Не позднее 10 дней от даты получения платежа Продавец произведет отгрузку товара Покупателю. Все расходы, связанные с платежами, и банковская комиссия будут оплачиваться Покупателем.
В случае если Покупатель не произведет денежного перевода в установленный контрактом срок, Покупатель обязан уплатить Продавцу пеню в размере 0,1% стоимости товара, подлежащего поставкё по контракту, за каждый день просрочки в течение 30 дней.
По истечении 30 дней начисление пени прекращается и сверх начисленной пени Покупатель обязан уплатить Продавцу неустойку в размере 10% от стоимости товара, подлежащего поставке по настоящему контракту.
В этом случае Продавец освобождается от обязанности поставить товар по контракту без права предъявления ему какихлибо претензий за невыполнение контракта.
96
ажд
VIII. Force Majeure
Should any circumstances preventing the complete or partial fulfilment by either party of the obligations under this Contract, arise, namely: fire, acts of elements, wars, military operations of any character, blockades, prohibition of import or export, or any other contingencies beyond the parties’ control the time stipulated for the fulfilment of the obligations shall be extended for period equal to that during which such circumstances will remain in force.
If the above circumstances continue to be in force for more than 3 months, each party shall have the right to refuse any further fulfilment of the obligations under this Contract and in such case neither of the parties shall have the right to make a demand upon the other party for compensation for any possible losses.
IX. Arbitration
All disputes or differences which may arise out of the present Contract and/or in connection herewith are to be referred for settlement without recourse to the courts of law, to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission at the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Moscow in accordance with the Rules of Procedure of the said Commission, the awards of which are final and binding upon both parties.
VIII. Форс-мажор
При наступлении обстоятельств невозможности полного или частичного исполнения любой из сторон обязательств по настоящему контракту, а именно: пожара, стихийных бедствий, войны, военных операций любого характера, блокады, запрещения экспорта или импорта или других, не зависящих от сторон обстоятельств, срок исполнения обязательств отодвигается соразмерно времени, в течение которого будут действовать такие обстоятельства.
Если эти обстоятельства будут продолжаться более трех месяцев, то каждая из сторон будет иметь право отказаться от дальнейшего исполнения обязательств по контракту и в этом случае ни одна из сторон не будет иметь права на возмещение другой стороной возможных убытков.
IХ. Арбитраж
Все споры или разногласия, могущие возникнуть из настоящего контракта или в связи с ним, подлежат, с исключением подсудности общим судам, разрешению в арбитражном порядке во Внешнеторговой арбитражной комиссии при Торгово-промышленной палате, Москва, в соответствии с Правилами о производстве дел в указанной комиссии. Решение этого арбитража будет окончательным и обязательным для обеих сторон.
97
ажд
X. Other Conditions
All expenses, taxes, customs and other dues connected with the conclusion of the present Contract levied on the territory of the Sellers’ country are borne by the Sellers, and those levied on the territory of the Buyers’ country and transit territory are borne by the Buyers.
Neither party of this Contract shall have the right to assign to any third party their rights and obligations under this Contract without the written consent of the other party.
98
Х. Другие условия
Все расходы, налоги, таможенные пошлины и сборы, связанные с заключением данного контракта, на территории страны Продавца оплачиваются Продавцом, а на территории страны Покупателя и транзитной территории – Покупателем.
Ни одна из сторон по настоящему контракту не имеет права передавать права и обязательства по данному контракту какой-либо третьей стороне без письменного согласия другой стороны.
ажд
Practice Drills
Read and translate Contract No.2 using the above translation of the Contract No.1.
Contract No. 2
Moscow
April 11, 2010
Objedinenije «Russoimport», Moscow, hereinafter referred to as the «Seller» on the one part, and Messrs. _________, hereinafter referred to as the «Buyer» on the other part, have concluded the present contract whereby it is agreed as follows:
1. SUBJECT OF THE CONTRACT
The Seller has sold and the Buyer has bought CIF (FOB, FOR) the goods specified in the enclosed appendix, showing specifications, quantities, prices and delivery times of the goods and constituting an integral part of the present contract.
2. PRICES
The prices are fixed in__________________ and understood CIF (FOB, FOR)____________ export packing and marking included.
All expenses incurred on the territory of ______________ in connection with the present contract (duties, taxes, customs, etc.) are to be paid by the Buyer.
3. QUALITY
The quality of the goods sold under the present contract shall be in full conformity either with the State standards existing in Russia or with the technical conditions ruling at the manufacturing works.
4. TIME OF DELIVERY
The goods sold under the contract shall be delivered within ________ months
99
ажд
after the signing of the contract.
The date of the Bill of Lading (or: Railway Bill) shall be considered as the date of delivery.
5. DELIVERY AND ACCEPTANCE OF GOODS
The goods are considered to be delivered by the Seller and accepted by the Buyer:
a)in respect of quantity – according to the number of cases and the weight as shown on the Bill of Lading (or on the Railway Bill);
b)in respect of quality – according to the Manufacturer’s certificate issued by the manufacturing works or by the Seller.
6. TERMS OF PAYMENT
Payment for the goods to be delivered under the present contract is to be effected in ____________________________ in accordance with the Trade Agreement between the Governments of Russia and ________________________ dated the
__________________________ by an irrevocable confirmed Letter of Credit to be opened by the Buyer with the Bank for Foreign Trade of Russia Moscow, in favour of the Seller within 10 days of receipt of the Seller’s notification of the readiness of the goods for shipment The Letter of Credit to be valid _______days
The payment of the credit is to be made against the following documents: 1) Invoice; 2) Bill of Lading (or Railway Bill).
All expenses connected with the opening of the Letter of Credit are to be borne by the Buyer. Part shipments and transhipment are permitted. Insurance to be made to the amount of 110 per cent of the value of the goods.
7. PACKING AND MARKING
The goods shall be secured and properly packed to withstand both overseas and overland transport as well as transhipment.
Each package shall be provided with marking showing the place of destination, name of Consignee, description of goods, contract number, case number, gross and net weight.
100
ажд
8. ARBITRATION
All disputes and differences which may arise out of the present contract and/or in connection with it are to be referred for settlement to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission at the Russian Chamber of Commerce in Moscow in accordance with the Rules of Procedure of the said Commission the awards of which are final and binding upon both parties. Application to State Courts is excluded.
9. OTHER CONDITIONS
Neither party is entitled to transfer their rights and obligations under the present contract to third persons without a written consent thereto the other party.
Any alterations and additions to the present contract will be valid only if made in writing and duly signed by both parties.
After the signing of the present contract all preceding negotiations and correspondence pertaining to it become null and void.
10. LEGAL ADDRESSES OF THE PARTIES
Seller_____________________________________________________________
Buyer_____________________________________________________________
SELLER |
BUYER |
(Signature) |
(Signature) |
101