Английский язык Методические указания по выполнению контрольных работ № 4,5,6
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schools, and the installation and maintenance of the equipment involved in
these processes.
3. Постройте однокоренные слова к предложенным. (Например: vary –
variable – variant – variety).
short; combine; tense; fail; inspect; possible; direct; improve; type.
Вариант 2
1.Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод причастия.
1.Airport maintenance people use several kinds of tools helping them keep airports in good conditions.
2.The airport operations and services jobs can be general or specialized but are always demanding.
3.When doing major inspection and overhaul work the mechanics take much longer time.
2.Дайте письменный перевод текста.
Maintenance of an aircraft is of the utmost importance for safe flight. Licensed technicians are committed to perform timely maintenance functions in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and under the 14 CFR. At no time is an act of aircraft maintenance taken lightly or improvised. The consequences of such action could be fatal and the technician could lose his or her license and face criminal charges.
Airframe, engine, and aircraft component manufacturers are responsible
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for documenting the maintenance procedures that guide managers and technicians on when and how to perform maintenance on their products. A small aircraft may only require a few manuals, including the aircraft maintenance manual. This volume usually contains the most frequently used information required to maintain the aircraft properly.
The Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) for an aircraft also contains critical information. Complex and large aircraft require several manuals to convey correct maintenance procedures adequately. In addition to the maintenance manual, manufacturers may produce such volumes as structural repair manuals, overhaul manuals, wiring diagram manuals, component manuals, and more.
Note that the use of the word “manual” is meant to include electronic as well as printed information. Also, proper maintenance extends to the use of designated tools and fixtures called out in the manufacturer’s maintenance documents. In the past, not using the proper tooling has caused damage to critical components, which subsequently failed and led to aircraft crashes and the loss of human life. The technician is responsible for sourcing the correct information, procedures, and tools needed to perform airworthy maintenance or repairs. Standard aircraft maintenance procedures do exist and can be used by the technician when performing maintenance or a repair.
3. Постройте однокоренные слова к предложенным. (Например: vary –
variable – variant – variety).
construct; strong; сonsider; design; smooth; develop; govern; consult.
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Вариант 3
1.Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод причастия.
1.When signing certificates the mechanics state that planes are airworthy.
2.Maintenance people cleaning the interior of the plane go inside as soon as the passengers have left.
3.The outside of the plane is scrubbed when there is enough time between the flights.
2.Дайте письменный перевод текста.
The wings of an aircraft are designed to lift it into the air. Their particular design for any given aircraft depends on a number of factors, such as size, weight, use of the aircraft, desired speed in flight and at landing, and desired rate of climb. The wings of aircraft are designated left and right, corresponding to the left and right sides of the operator when seated in the cockpit.
Often wings are of full cantilever design. This means they are built so that no external bracing is needed. They are supported internally by structural members assisted by the skin of the aircraft. Other aircraft wings use external struts or wires to assist in supporting the wing and carrying the aerodynamic and landing loads. Wing support cables and struts are generally made from steel. Many struts and their attach fittings have fairings to reduce drag. Short, nearly vertical supports called jury struts are found on struts that attach to the wings a great distance from the fuselage. This serves to subdue strut movement and oscillation caused by the air flowing around the strut in flight.
Aluminum is the most common material from which to construct wings, but they can be wood covered with fabric, and occasionally a magnesium alloy has been used. Moreover, modern aircraft are tending toward lighter and
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stronger materials throughout the airframe and in wing construction. Wings made entirely of carbon fiber or other composite materials exist, as well as wings made of a combination of materials for maximum strength to weight performance.
3. Постройте однокоренные слова к предложенным. (Например: vary –
variable – variant – variety).
attach; apply; consider; essential; add; construct; assemble; entertain; kind
Вариант 4
1.Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод причастия.
1.The mechanics specializing on Power Plant repair are called Power Plant mechanics.
2.Aircraft mechanics do line work, a plane being parked at the airport ramp or in hangar.
3.Trying to find problems in aircraft equipment repair people keep a sharp eye out for any faults.
2.Дайте письменный перевод текста.
Transport category aircraft typically carry hundreds of passengers and fly thousands of miles each trip. Therefore, large aircraft require extremely reliable power distribution systems that are computer controlled. These aircraft have multiple power sources (AC generators) and a variety of distribution busses. A typical airliner contains two or more main AC generators driven by the aircraft turbine engines, as well as more than one backup AC generator. DC systems are
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also employed on large aircraft and the ship’s battery is used to supply emergency power in case of a multiple failures. The AC generator (sometimes called an alternator) produces three-phase 115-volt AC at 400 Hz. AC generators were discussed previously in this chapter. Since most modern transport category aircraft are designed with two engines, there are two main AC generators. The APU also drives an AC generator. This unit is available during flight if one of the main generators fails. The main and auxiliary generators are typically similar in output capacity and supply a maximum of 110 kilovolt amps (KVA). A fourth generator, driven by an emergency ram air turbine, is also available in the event the two main generators and one auxiliary generator fail. The emergency generator is typically smaller and produces less power. With four AC generators available on modern aircraft, it is highly unlikely that a complete power failure occurs. However, if all AC generators are lost, the aircraft battery will continue to supply DC electrical power to operate vital systems.
3. Постройте однокоренные слова к предложенным. (Например: vary –
variable – variant – variety).
necessary; equip; rigid; accept; apply; thick; material; mad; operate
Вариант 5
1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод
причастия.
1.Overhaul work at most airports is done by companies specializing in it.
2.It is important for planes to fly safely, seeing that the planes can do this being the job of certified mechanics.
3.When working on very small parts technicians use magnifying glasses.
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2. Дайте письменный перевод текста.
Damage to metal aircraft is often caused by corrosion, erosion, normal stress, and accidents and mishaps. Sometimes aircraft structure modifications require extensive structural rework. For example, the installation of winglets on aircraft not only replaces a wing tip with a winglet, but also requires extensive reinforcing of the wing structure to carry additional stresses.
Numerous and varied methods of repairing metal structural portions of an aircraft exist, but no set of specific repair patterns applies in all cases. The problem of repairing a damaged section is usually solved by duplicating the original part in strength, kind of material, and dimensions. To make structural repair, the aircraft technician needs a good working knowledge of sheet metal forming methods and techniques. In general, forming means changing the shape by bending and forming solid metal. In the case of aluminum, this is usually done at room temperature. All repair parts are shaped to fit in place before hey are attached to the aircraft of component.
Forming may be a very simple operation, such as making a single bend or a single curve, or it may be a complex operation, requiring a compound curvature. Before forming a part, the aircraft technician must give some thought to the complexity of the bends, the material type, the material thickness, the material temper, and the size of the part being fabricated. In most cases, these factors determine which forming method to use. The aircraft technician also needs a working knowledge of the proper use of the tools and equipment used in forming metal.
3. Постройте однокоренные слова к предложенным. (Например: vary –
variable – variant – variety).
thick; design; locate; vertical; determine; primary; strong; detect; present
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Контрольная работа 6
Вариант 1
1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод
“should”, “would”.
1.The safety standards demand that every aircraft should be properly maintained.
2.It is necessary that the equipment and tooling should have a clear system of labeling.
3.It was reported that the maintenance would be carried out on schedule.
2.Дайте письменный перевод текста.
No aircraft when used for Commercial Air Transport may fly unless a certificate of release to service has been issued by an organization for maintenance carried out on the aircraft or an aircraft component intended for fitment to such an aircraft.
No organization may certify for release to service an aircraft used for Commercial Air Transport unless either approved in accordance with this JAR145 or accepted in accordance with the JAR-145.10(c) alternative. No organization may maintain such an aircraft unless either appropriately approved in accordance with this JAR-145 or accepted in accordance with the JAR 145.10(c) alternative, or working under the quality system of an appropriately approved or accepted JAR-145 maintenance organization.
No organization may certify for release to service an aircraft component intended for fitment to an aircraft used for Commercial Air Transport unless either approved in accordance with this JAR-145 or accepted in accordance with the JAR-145.10(c) alternative. No organization may maintain such an aircraft component unless either appropriately approved in accordance with this
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JAR-145 or accepted in accordance with the JAR-145.10(c) alternative, or working under the quality system of an appropriately approved or accepted JAR-145 maintenance organization.
A maintenance organization approval may be granted for maintenance activity varying from that for an aircraft component to that for a complete aircraft or any combination thereof.
3. Переведите следующие словосочетания.
Complete maintenance records; maintenance instructions; line aircraft maintenance; twelve month period; base aircraft maintenance; aircraft component workshop instructions.
Вариант 2
1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод
“should”, “would”.
1.At the completion of any package of maintenance it is necessary that a certificate of release should be issued.
2.The certificate should include the following information.
3.It was found out that the next check would be carried out a month later.
2.Дайте письменный перевод текста.
A senior person or group of persons acceptable to the JAA full member Authority, whose responsibilities include ensuring that the JAR-145 approved maintenance organization is in compliance with JAR-145 requirements, must be nominated. Such person(s) must ultimately be directly responsible to the accountable manager who must be acceptable to the JAA full member Authority.
The accountable manager is responsible for establishing and promoting
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the safety and quality policy specified under JAR 145.65(a).
The accountable manager must nominate a senior person, with responsibility for monitoring the JAR 145.65(c) quality system including the associated feedback system. Such senior person must have right of direct access to the accountable manager to ensure that the accountable manager is kept properly informed on quality and compliance matters.
The JAR-145 approved maintenance organization must have a maintenance man-hour plan showing that the organization has sufficient staff to plan, perform, supervise, inspect and quality monitor the organization in accordance with the approval. In addition the organization must have a procedure to reassess work intended to be carried out when actual staff availability is less than the planned staffing level for any particular work shift or period.
The competence of personnel involved in maintenance and/or quality audits must be established and controlled in accordance with a procedure and to a standard
acceptable to the JAA full member Authority.
3. Переведите следующие словосочетания.
Aircraft components; computer release to service system; certification stamp; aircraft maintenance programs; life/overhaul lamination; a personal identity number; base or line maintenance.
Вариант 3
1. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод
“should”, “would”.
1. The maintenance records should be stored in a safe way.
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2.It is necessary that maintenance should be properly executed.
3.The company declared that it would retrain its employees.
2.Дайте письменный перевод текста.
The JAR-145 approved maintenance organisation must establish
procedures
acceptable to the JAA full member Authorityto ensure good maintenance practices and compliance with all relevant requirements in this JAR-145 which must include a clear work order or contract such that aircraft and aircraft components may be released to service in accordance with JAR 145.50. (c) The JAR-145 approved maintenance organisation must establish a quality system that includes;
1)Independent audits in order to monitor compliance with required
aircraft/
aircraft component standards and adequacy ofthe procedures to ensure that such procedures invoke good maintenance practices and airworthy aircraft / aircraft components. In the smallest organisations the independent audit part of the quality system may be contracted to another JAR-145 approved maintenance organisation or a person with appropriate technical knowledge and proven satisfactory audit experience acceptable to the JAA full member Authority, and;
2)A quality feedback reporting system to the person or group of persons specified in JAR 145.30(a) and ultimately tothe accountable manager that
ensures proper and timely corrective action is taken in response to reports resulting from the independent audits established to meet JAR-145.65(c).
3. Переведите следующие словосочетания.
Maintenance organization; base maintenance manager; aircraft component