ВАРИАНТ 3
1. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:
Talking via Space
Communication has come a long way from the time when an Indian beat a drum in the forest to the time when a scientist receives messages from a satellite. In this space age communication has become a highly developed field. The system of communication in large countries is unthinkable today without space satellites. Besides large distances, there is a great time difference: the territories of some countries comprise up to 11 zones. Satellites help to minimize all the difficulties that may appear. They rapidly transmit TV and radio programs to different towns, cities and distant areas.
Space systems and electronic technology have made it possible to set up an automatic system of communication designed for rapid transmission of all kinds of information.
People write letters and send telegrams. But at the same time people live in various cities like to exchange news on the telephone.
Trains and cars can use mobile radio telephones to make calls. Businessmen can use teletypewriters to send messages via telephone lines to other teletypewriters in another city which automatically print them as they are received. Even photographs can be sent over telephone wires.
Practically all the population in large countries can watch TV programs via satellites. The orbital communication systems make it possible for people from different continents to see and hear one another.
The importance of space means of communication is increasing every
year.
2. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам:
1)In this space age communication has become a highly developed field.
2)Satellites help to minimize all the difficulties that may appear.
3)They rapidly transmit TV and radio programs to different towns.
4)People write letters and send telegrams.
5)The territories of some countries comprise up to 11 zones.
3.Определите время глагола-сказуемого:
1)The system of communication in large countries is unthinkable today without space satellites.
2)People write letters and send telegrams.
3)Trains and cars can use mobile radio telephones to make calls.
4)The importance of space means of communication is increasing every year.
5)In the space age communication has become a highly developed field.
4.Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста:
1)Satellites help to minimize all the difficulties that may appear.
2)The system of communication in large countries is unthinkable today without space satellites.
3)Helicopters can use mobile radio telephones to make calls.
4)Books can be sent over telephone wires.
5)People in large countries can watch TV programs via satellites.
5.Найдите английские эквиваленты для следующих слов и словосочетаний:
Средство связи, обмениваться новостями, телетайп, пространственная система, спутник.
6.Определите, к каким частям речи относятся следующие слова и переведите их:
Difficulty, communication, unthinkable, automatically, importance, exchange, transmission, highly.
7.Ответьте письменно на вопросы:
1)What is the importance of communication?
2)How do satellites work?
3)What is the history of communication?
4)How do people exchange news?
5)What can businessmen use for their work?
ВАРИАНТ 4
I.Перепишите и переведите текст.
Electricity
It is impossible to imagine our civilization without electricity: economic and social progress will be turned to the past and our daily lives completely transformed.
Electrical power has become universal. Thousands of applications of electricity such as lighting, electrochemistry and electrometallurgy are longstanding and unquestionable.
With the appearance of the electrical motor, power cables replaced transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys in the 19-th century workshops. And in the home a whole range of various time and labour saving appliances have become a part of our everyday lives.
Other devices are based on specific properties of electricity: electrostatics in the case of photocopying machine and electromagnetism in the case of radar and television. These applications have made electricity most widely used.
The first industrial application was in the silver workshops in Paris. The generator - a new compact source of electricity - was also developed there. The generator replaced the batteries and other devices that had been used before.
Electric lighting came into wide use at the end of the last century with the development of the electric lamp by Thomas Edison. Then the transformer was invented, the first electric lines and networks were set up, dynamos and induction motors were designed.
Since the beginning of the 20-th century the successful development of electricity has begun throughout the industrial world. The consumption of electricity has doubled every ten years.
Today consumption of electricity per capita is an indicator of the state of development and economic health of a nation. Electricity has replaced other
sources of energy as it has been realized that it offers improved service and reduced cost.
One of the greatest advantages of electricity is that it is clean, easilyregulated and generates no by-products. Applications of electricity now cover all fields of human activity from house washing machines to the latest laser devices. Electricity is the efficient source of some of the most recent technological advances such as the laser and electron beams. Truly electricity provides mankind with the energy of the future.
II.Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.
1)Electrical power has become universal.
2)Applicationa of electricity now cover all fields of human activity.
3)The first electric lines and networks were set up.
4)The first industrial application was in the silver workshops in Paris.
5)Electric lighting came into wide use at the end of the last century with the development of the electric lamp by Thomas Edison.
III.Определите время глагола-сказуемого и переведите предложения.
1)It is evident that electricity will be the energy of the future.
2)The transformer was invented and the first electric lines networks were set up at the end of the 19-th century.
3)Our power stations have been connected by high voltage transmission lines into several networks.
4)A combination of electric lines networks are being set up throughout the country.
5)New powerful electric stations must be built because it is electricity that offers improved standards of life and work.
IV. Перепишите вопросы и ответьте на них письменно.
1)What industrial applications of electricity do you know?
2)What home applicatons of electricity can you enumerate?
3)Where was the generator developed?
4)Can you imagine your life without electricity? Why?
5)Who invented the electric lamp?
V.Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста.
1)Since the beginning of the 19-th century the successful development of electricity has begun throghout the industrial world.
2)Truly electricity provides mankind with the energy of the future.
3)Thousands of applications of electricity such as lighting, electrochemistry and electrometallurgy are up-to-date and questionable.
4)Electric lighting came into wide use at the end of the last century with the invantion of the dynamo?
5)The consumption of electricity has doubled every eight years.
VI. Найдите английские эквиваленты для следующих словосочетаний:
1)побочные продукты;
2)электроприборы, экономящие время и труд;
3)на человека; на душу населения;
4)трансмиссионные валы;
5)поистине.
VII. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся следующие слова и переведите их, исходя из контекста:
1) Device 2) throughout 3) efficient 4) turn 5) state