C# EnumerationsC# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition

Often it is convenient to create a set of symbolic names for underlying numerical values. For example, if

Apress © 2003 (1200 pages)

you are creating an employee payroll system, you may wish to use the constants VP, Manager, Grunt, and

This comprehensive text starts with a brief overview of the

Contractor ratherC#thanlanguageraw numericaland thenvaluesquicklysuchmovesasto{0,key1, 2,technical3}. LikeandC(++), C# supports the notion of custom enumerationsarchitecturalfor thisissuesvery reasonfor .NET. Fordevelopersexample,. here is the EmpType enumeration:

// A custom enumeration.

Table of Contents enum EmpType

C# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition

{

Chapter 4 - Object-Oriented Programming with C#

The EmpType enumeration defines four named constants, corresponding to discrete numerical values. In

Chapter 5 - Exceptions nd Object Lifetime

C#, the numbering scheme sets the first element to zero (0) by default, followed by an n+1 progression.

Chapter 6 - Interfaces and Collections

You are free to change this behavior as you see fit, thus:

Chapter 7 - Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events

Chapter 8 - Advanced C# Type Construction Techniques

Part// ThreeBegin- Programmingnumber atwith102.NET. Assemblies

enum EmpType

Chapter 9 - Understanding .NET Assemblies

{

Chapter 10 - Processes, AppDomains, Contexts, and Threads

Manager = 102,

Chapter 11 - Type Reflection, Late Binding, and Attribute-Based Programming

Grunt, // = 103

Part Four - Leveraging the .NET Libraries

Contractor, // = 104

Chapter 12 - Object Serialization and the .NET Remoting Layer

List of Figures

Grunt = 1,

List of TablesContractor = 100,

VP = 9

}

Under the hood, the storage type used for each item in an enumeration automatically maps to a System.Int32 by default. You are also free to change this to your liking. For example, if you want to set the underlying storage value of EmpType to be a byte rather than an int, you would write the following:

// This time, EmpType maps to an underlying byte.

enum EmpType : byte

{

Manager = 10,

Grunt = 1,

Contractor = 100,

VP = 9

Retrieves an array of the values of the constants in a specified

enumeration.

Part One - Introducing C# and the .NET Platform

First, System.Enum defines a static method named GetUnderlyingType(), which resolves (pardon the

Chapter 7 - Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events

redundancy) the underlying data type used to represent a given enumeration:

Chapter 8 - Advanced C# Type Construction Techniques

Part Three - Programming with .NET Assemblies

// Get underlying type (System.Byte for the current example).

Chapter 9 - Understanding .NET Assemblies

Console.WriteLine(Enum.GetUnderlyingType(typeof(EmpType)));

Chapter 10 - Processes, AppDomains, Contexts, and Threads

Chapter 11 - Type Reflection, Late Binding, and Attribute-Based Programming

Part Four - Leveraging the .NET Libraries

Of greater interest is the ability to extract the named constant behind the numerical values. How many

Chapter 12 - Object Serialization and the .NET Remoting Layer

times have you had to perform transformational logic between a C++ enumeration and the underlying

Chapter 13 - Building a Better Window (Introducing Windows Forms)

string value? Using the inherited ToString() method, the dirty work as been done on your behalf:

Chapter 14 - A Better Painting Framework (GDI+)

Chapter 15 - Programming with Windows Forms Controls

// Print out string version of 'fred'.

Chapter 16 - The System.IO Namespace

Console.WriteLine(fred.ToString());

Chapter 17 - Data Access with ADO.NET

Part Five - Web Applications and XML Web Services

ChapterIf you require18 - ASPa more.NET WebexoticPagesformatandofWebyourControlsenumerations, you can make use of the static Enum.Format() Chaptermethod19. For- ASPexample,.NET WebusingApplicationsthe EmpType variable, you may extract the corresponding string, by

specifying "G" as a parameter to Enum.Format(). You may also specify the hexadecimal value (x) or

Chapter 20 - XML Web Services

decimal value (d) of the underlying enum. System.Enum also defines a static method named GetValues().

Index

This method returns an instance of System.Array, with each item in the array corresponding to a member

List of Figures

of the specified enumeration. To illustrate these points, ponder the following:

List of Tables

// Get all statistics for the EmpType enumeration.

Array obj = Enum.GetValues(typeof(EmpType));

Console.WriteLine("This enum has {0} members.", obj.Length);

// Now show the string name and associated value.

foreach(EmpType e in obj)

{

Console.Write("String name: {0},", e.ToString());

Console.Write(" int: ({0}),", Enum.Format(typeof(EmpType), e, "D")); Console.Write(" hex: ({0})\n", Enum.Format(typeof(EmpType), e, "X"));

}

As you can guess, this code block prints out the name/value pairs (in decimal and hexadecimal) for the

EmpType enumeration.

Next, let's explore the IsDefined property. This allows you to determine if a given string name is a member

C# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition

of the current enumeration. For example, assume you wish to know if the value "SalesPerson" is part of

by Andrew Troelsen ISBN:1590590554 the EmpType enumeration:

Apress © 2003 (1200 pages)

This comprehensive text starts with a brief overview of the

// Does EmpType have a SalePerson value?

C# language and then quickly moves to key technical and

if(Enum.IsDefined(typeof(EmpType), "SalesPerson")) architectural issues for .NET developers.

Console.WriteLine("Yep, we have sales people.");

else

Table of Consoletents.WriteLine("No, we have no profits...");

C# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition

Introduction

It is also possible to generate an enumeration from a string literal via the static Enum.Parse() method. Given that Parse() returns a generic System.Object, you will need to cast the return value into the correct

enum type (more on casting in the next chapter):

Chapter 2 - Building C# Applications

Part Two - The C# Programming Language

// Prints: "Sally is a Manager"

Chapter 3 - C# Language Fundamentals

EmpType sally = (EmpType)Enum.Parse(typeof(EmpType), "Manager");

Chapter 4 - Object-Oriented Programming with C#

Console.WriteLine("Sally is a {0}", sally.ToString());

Chapter 5 - Exceptions and Object Lifetime Chapter 6 - Interfaces and Collections

Chapter 7 - Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events

Chapter 8 - Advanced C# Type Construction Techniques

As you might guess, this could be extremely helpful when you are prompting for user input, and wish to ParttranslateThree the- Programmingtextual datawithinto an.NETenumerationAssemblies type for use in the program.

Chapter 9 - Understanding .NET Assemblies

Last but not least, it is worth pointing out that C# enumerations support the use of various overloaded

Chapter 10 - Processes, AppDomains, Contexts, and Threads

operators, which test against the assigned values. For example:

Chapter 11 - Type Reflection, Late Binding, and Attribute-Based Programming

Part Four - Leveraging the .NET Libraries

Chapter// Which12 - Objectof theseSerializatitwonEmpTypeand the .NETvariablesRemoting Layerhas the greatest numerical value?

EmpType Joe = EmpType.VP;

Chapter 13 - Building a Better Window (Introducing Windows Forms)

EmpType Fran = EmpType.Grunt;

Chapter 14 - A Better Painting Framework (GDI+)

if(Joe < Fran)

Chapter 15 - Programming with Windows Forms Controls

Console.WriteLine("Joe's value is less than Fran's");

Chapter 16 - The System.IO Namespace

else

Chapter 17 - Data Access with ADO.NET

Console.WriteLine("Fran's value is less than Joe's");

Part Five - Web Applications and XML Web Services

Chapter 18 - ASP.NET Web Pages and Web Controls

Chapter 19 - ASP.NET Web Applications

Chapter 20 - XML Web Services

SOURCE The EnumExample project is located under the Chapter 3 subdirectory.

IndexCODE

List of Figures

List of Tables

Defining StructuresC# and the .NETin Platform,C# Second Edition

While you have already encountered structures earlier in this chapter, they do deserve a second look.

Apress © 2003 (1200 pages)

Structures in general are a way to achieve the bare bones benefits of object orientation (i.e.,

This comprehensive text starts with a brief overview of the

encapsulation) whileC# languagehaving theandefficiencythen quicklyof stackmoves-allocatedto key technicaldata. Beyondand this key point, C# structures behave very mucharchitecturallike a customissuesclassfor. .NET developers.

Note Over the course of this chapter you may have noticed that I have defined all structures in capital

Table of Contentsletters. This is in no way a requirement, but is simply an old C style naming convention I can't C# and theseem.NET Platform,to get ridSecondof. As youEditionexplore the .NET base class libraries, you will not find structures Introductiondefined in all caps.

Part One - Introducing C# and the .NET Platform

As mentioned, structures can take constructors (provided they have arguments), can implement interfaces, and can contain numerous members. Furthermore, recall that C# structures do not have an identically named alias in the .NET library (that is, there is no System.Structure class), but are implicitly

derived from System.ValueType to retrofit the virtual members of System.Object to work with value-based

Chapter 3 - C# Language Fundamentals semantics. Here is a simple example:

Chapter 4 - Object-Oriented Programming with C# Chapter 5 - Exceptions and Object Lifetime Chapter 6 - Interfaces and Collections

Chapter 7 - Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events

{

Chapter 8 - Advanced C# Type Construction Techniques

Manager = 10, Grunt = 1,

Part Three - Programming with .NET Assemblies

Contractor = 100, VP = 9

Chapter 9 - Understanding .NET Assemblies

}

Chapter 10 - Processes, AppDomains, Contexts, and Threads

struct EMPLOYEE

Chapter 11 - Type Reflection, Late Binding, and Attribute-Based Programming

{

Part Four - Leveraging the .NET Libraries

public EmpType title; // One of the fields is our custom enum.

Chapter 12 - Object Serialization and the .NET Remoting Layer public string name;

Chapter public13 - Buildingshorta BetterdeptID;Window (Introducing Windows Forms)

Chapter} 14 - A Better Painting Framework (GDI+)

Chapterclass15StructTester- Programming with Windows Forms Controls

{

Chapter 16 - The System.IO Namespace

public static int Main(string[] args)

Chapter 17 - Data Access with ADO.NET

Part Five{- Web Applications and XML Web Services

// Create and format Fred.

Chapter 18 - ASP.NET Web Pages and Web Controls

EMPLOYEE fred;

Chapter 19 - ASP.NET Web Applications

fred.deptID = 40;

Chapter 20 - XML Web Services

fred.name = "Fred";

Index

fred.title = EmpType.Grunt;

List of Figures

return 0;

List of Tables

}

}

Here, you created an EMPLOYEE structure on the stack and manipulated each field using the dot operator. To be sure, if you do not denote a custom constructor, you are required to assign values to each field before making use of your stack-based variable.

To provide a more optimized construction of this type, you are free to define additional custom constructors. Recall that you cannot redefine the default constructor for a C# structure, as this is a reserved member. Given this fact, any custom constructors must take some number of parameters:

// Structs may define custom constructors (if they have args).

struct EMPLOYEE

{

// Fields.

As mentioned earlierC# aindthisthechapter,.NET Platform,boxing andSecondunboxingEditionprovide a convenient way to flip between value types and referenceby Andrewtypes. AsTroelsenyou recall, to convert a structureISBN:1590590554variable into an object reference, simply

box the value: Apress © 2003 (1200 pages)

This comprehensive text starts with a brief overview of the

C# language and then quickly moves to key technical and

// Create and box a new employee.

architectural issues for .NET developers.

EMPLOYEE stan = new EMPLOYEE(EmpType.Grunt, "Stan", 10);

object stanInBox = stan;

Table of Contents

C# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition

Because stanInBox is a reference-based data type (which still holds the internal values of the original

Introduction

EMPLOYEE data type) you can unbox the reference as needed to gain access to the members of the

Part One - Introducing C# and the .NET Platform

EMPLOYEE structure:

Chapter 1 - The Philosophy of .NET

Chapter 2 - Building C# Applications

// Because we have boxed our value data type into a structure,

Part Two - The C# Programming Language

// we can unbox and manipulate the contents.

Chapter 3 - C# Language Fundamentals

public static void UnboxThisEmployee(object o)

Chapter 4 - Object-Oriented Programming with C#

{

Chapter 5 - Exceptions and Object Lifetime

EMPLOYEE temp = (EMPLOYEE)o;

Chapter 6 - InterfacesWriteLine(tempand Collec ions

Console. .name + " is alive!");

Chapter} 7 - Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events

Chapter 8 - Advanced C# Type Construction Techniques

Part Three - Programming with .NET Assemblies

Defining CustomC# and theNamespaces.NET Platform, Second Edition

To this point, you have been building small test programs leveraging existing namespaces in the .NET

Apress © 2003 (1200 pages)

universe (System in particular). When you build real-life applications, it can be very helpful to group your

This comprehensive text starts with a brief overview of the

related types intoC#customlanguagenamespacesand then .quicklyIn C#,movesthis is accomplishedto key technicalusingand the "namespace" keyword.

architectural issues for .NET developers.

Assume you are developing a collection of geometric classes named Square, Circle, and Hexagon. Given their similarities, you would like to group them all together into a shared custom namespace. You have two

TablebasicofapproachesContents . First, you may choose to define each class within a single file (shapeslib.cs) as follows:

C# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition

Introduction

// shapeslib.cs

PartusingOne -System;Introducing C# and the .NET Platform

Chnamespacept r 1 - TheMyShapesPhilosophy of .NET

Chapter{ 2 - Building C# Applications

Part Two//- TheCircleC# Programmingclass. Language

Chapter public3 - C# Languageclass Circle{Fundamentals// Interesting methods... }

// Hexagon class.

Chapter 4 - Object-Oriented Programming with C#

public class Hexagon{ // More interesting methods... }

Chapter 5 - Exceptions and Object Lifetime

// Square class.

Chapter 6 - Interfaces and Collections

public class Square{ // Even more interesting methods... }

Chapter 7 - Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events

}

Chapter 8 - Advanced C# Type Construction Techniques

Part Three - Programming with .NET Assemblies

Chapter 9 - Understanding .NET Assemblies

Notice how the MyShapes namespace acts as the conceptual "container" of each type. Alternatively, you

Chapter 10 - Processes, AppDomains, Contexts, and Threads

can split a single namespace into multiple C# files. To do so, simply wrap the given class definitions in the

Chapter 11 - Type Reflection, Late Binding, and Attribute-Based Programming same namespace:

Part Four - Leveraging the .NET Libraries

Chapter 12 - Object Serialization and the .NET Remoting Layer

// circle.cs

Chapter 13 - Building a Better Window (Introducing Windows Forms)

using System;

Chapter 14 - A Better Painting Framework (GDI+)

namespace MyShapes

Chapter 15 - Programming with Windows Forms Controls

{

Chapter 16 - The System.IO Namespace

// Circle class.

Chapter 17 - Data Access with ADO.NET

class Circle{ // Interesting methods... }

Part} Five - Web Applications and XML Web Services

Chapter 18 - ASP.NET Web Pages and Web Controls

Chapter// hexagon19 - ASP.cs.NET Web Applications

Chapterusing20System;- XML Web Services

namespace MyShapes

Index

{

List of Figures

// Hexagon class.

List of Tables

class Hexagon{ // More interesting methods... }

}

// square.cs

using System; namespace MyShapes

{

// Square class.

class Square{ // Even more interesting methods... }

}

As you already know, when another application you are building wishes to use these fine objects from within its namespace, simply use the "using" keyword:

// Make use of objects defined in another namespace

C# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition using System;

{This comprehensive text starts with a brief overview of the

C# language and then quickly moves to key technical and class ShapeTester

architectural issues for .NET developers.

{

public static void Main()

{

Table of Contents

// All defined in the MyShapes namespace.

C# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition

Hexagon h = new Hexagon();

Introduction

Circle c = new Circle();

Part One - Introducing C# and the .NET Platform

Square s = new Square();

Chapter 1 - The Philosophy of .NET

}

Chapter}2 - Building C# Applications

Part Two - The C# Programming Language

}

Chapter 3 - C# Language Fundamentals

Chapter 4 - Object-Oriented Programming with C#

Chapter 5 - Exceptions and Object Lifetime

Resolving Name Clashes Across Namespaces

Chapter 6 - Interfaces and Collections

Chapter 7 - Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events

A namespace can also be used to avoid nasty name clashes across multiple namespaces. Assume the

Chapter 8 - Advanced C# Type Construction Techniques

ShapeTester class wishes to make use of a new namespace termed My3DShapes, which defines three

Part Three - Programming with .NET Assemblies

additional classes capable of rendering a shape in stunning 3D:

Chapter 9 - Understanding .NET Assemblies

Chapter 10 - Processes, AppDomains, Contexts, and Threads

// Another shapes namespace...

Chapter 11 - Type Reflection, Late Binding, and Attribute-Based Programming

using System;

Part Four - Leveraging the .NET Libraries

namespaceMy3DShapes

Chapter 12 - Object Serialization and the .NET Remoting Layer

{

Chapter 13 - Building a Better Window (Introducing Windows Forms)

// 3D Circle class.

Chapter 14 - A Better Painting Framework (GDI+)

class Circle{ }

Chapter 15 - Programming with Windows Forms Controls

// 3D Hexagon class

Chapter class16 - TheHexagon{System.IO Namespace}

Chapter //17 -3DDataSquareAccess withclassADO.NET

Part Fiveclass- Web ApplicationsSquare{ }and XML Web Services

Chapter} 18 - ASP.NET Web Pages and Web Controls

Chapter 19 - ASP.NET Web Applications

Chapter 20 - XML Web Services

If you update ShapeTester as was done here, you are issued a number of compiletime errors, because

Index

both namespaces define identically named types:

List of Figures

List of Tables

// Ambiguities abound!

using System;

using MyShapes;

using My3DShapes;

namespace MyApp

{

class ShapeTester

{

public static void Main()

{

// Which namespace do I reference?

}

}

As one would hope, these errors are caught at compile time. Resolving the ambiguity is simply a matter of

architectural issues for .NET developers. using "fully qualified names:"

// We have now resolved the ambiguity.

Table of Contents

public static void Main()

C# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition

{

Introduction

My3DShapes.Hexagon h = new My3DShapes.Hexagon();

Part One - Introducing C# and the .NET Platform

My3DShapes.Circle c = new My3DShapes.Circle();

Chapter 1 - The Philosophy of .NET

MyShapes.Square s = new MyShapes.Square();

Chapter 2 - Building C# Applications

}

Part Two - The C# Programming Language

Chapter 3 - C# Language Fundamentals

Chapter 4 - Object-Oriented Programming with C#

Defining Namespace Aliases

Chapter 5 - Exceptions and Object Lifetime

Chapter 6 - Interfaces and Collections

An alternative approach to resolving namespace ambiguity is accomplished through the use of aliases.

Chapter 7 - Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events

For example:

Chapter 8 - Advanced C# Type Construction Techniques

Part Three - Programming with .NET Assemblies

using System;

Chapter 9 - Understanding .NET Assemblies using MyShapes;

Chapter 10 - Processes, AppDomains, Contexts, and Threads using My3DShapes;

Chapter 11 - Type Reflection, Late Binding, and Attribute-Based Programming

// Make an alias to a class defined in another namespace.

Part Four - Leveraging the .NET Libraries

using The3DHexagon = My3DShapes.Hexagon;

Chapter 12 - Object Serialization and the .NET Remoting Layer namespace MyApp

Chapter 13 - Building a Better Window (Introducing Windows Forms)

{

Chapter 14 - A Better Painting Framework (GDI+)

class ShapeTester

Chapter{15 - Programming with Windows Forms Controls

Chapter 16 - The System.IO Namespace

public static void Main()

Chapter 17 -{Data Access with ADO.NET

Part Five - Web ApplicationsMy3DShapesand XML.HexagonWeb Servicesh = new My3DShapes.Hexagon();

Chapter 18 - ASP.NETMy3DShapWeb P ges.andCircleWeb Controlsc = new My3DShapes.Circle();

Chapter 19 - ASP.NETMyShapesWeb Applications.Square s = new MyShapes.Square();

// Create a 3D hex using a defined alias:

Chapter 20 - XML Web Se vices

Nested Namespaces

When organizing your types, you are free to nest namespaces within other namespaces. The .NET base class libraries do so in numerous places to provide an even deeper level of type organization. For example, if you wish to create a higher-level namespace that contains the existing My3DShapes namespace, you can update your code as follows:

// The Chapter3Types.My3DShapes namespace contains 3 classes.

using System;

namespace Chapter3Types

{

namespace My3DShapes

}

}

Table of Contents

C# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition

Introduction

Do note that you are also able to define a nested namespace using the following shorthand (which as you

Part One - Introducing C# and the .NET Platform

may guess, helps decrease the use of the moving horizontal scrollbar within the VS .NET code window):

Chapter 1 - The Philosophy of .NET

Chapter 2 - Building C# Applications

// The Chapter3Types.My3DShapes namespace contains 3 classes.

Part Two - The C# Programming Language

using System;

Chapter 3 - C# Language Fundamentals

namespaceChapter3Types.My3DShapes

Chapter 4 - Object-Oriented Programming with C#

{

Chapter 5 - Exceptions and Object Lifetime

// 3D Circle class.

Chapter 6 - Interfaces and Collections

class Circle{ }

Chapter 7 - Callback Interfaceclass, Delegates, and Events

// 3D Hexagon

Chapterclass8 - AdvancedHexagon{C# Type} Construction Techniques

Part Three// -3DProgrammingSquare classwith .NET Assemblies

Chapterclass9 - UnderstandingSquare{ }.NET Assemblies

Chapter} 10 - Processes, AppDomains, Contexts, and Threads

Chapter 11 - Type Reflection, Late Binding, and Attribute-Based Programming

Part Four - Leveraging the .NET Libraries

ChaptTher"Default12 - Object SeriNamespace"lization and the .NETofRemotingVS .NETLayerIDE

Chapter 13 - Building a Better Window (Introducing Windows Forms)

ChapterOn a final14 -namespaceA B tter Painting-relatedFrameworknote, it is(GDI+)worth pointing out that by default, when you create a new C# Chapterproject15using- ProgrammingVS .NET, thewithnameWindowsof theFormstopmostControlsnamespace in your application will be identical to that of

the name you gave your initial project. As you have seen, as you insert new types into your project using

Chapter 16 - The System.IO Namespace

the various IDE Wizards, they will automatically be wrapped within this default namespace. If you wish to

Chapter 17 - Data Access with ADO.NET

change the name of this default namespace after the fact, simply access the Default Namespace option

Part Five - Web Applications and XML Web Services

of the project's Properties dialog (Figure 3-21).

Chapter 18 - ASP.NET Web Pages and Web Controls Chapter 19 - ASP.NET Web Applications

Chapter

Index

List of

List of

Figure 3-21: Configuring the default namespace

With this update, any new item inserted into the project will be wrapped within the Intertech.MyNamespaces namespace (and obviously, if another namespace wishes to use these types,

the correct using directive must be applied).

C# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition

SOURCE by AndrewThe NamespacesTroelsen project is located underISBN:1590590554the Chapter 3 subdirectory.

CODE Apress © 2003 (1200 pages)

This comprehensive text starts with a brief overview of the C# language and then quickly moves to key technical and architectural issues for .NET developers.

Table of Contents

C# and the .NET Platform, Second Edition

Introduction

Part One - Introducing C# and the .NET Platform

Chapter 1 - The Philosophy of .NET

Chapter 2 - Building C# Applications

Part Two - The C# Programming Language

Chapter 3 - C# Language Fundamentals

Chapter 4 - Object-Oriented Programming with C#

Chapter 5 - Exceptions and Object Lifetime

Chapter 6 - Interfaces and Collections

Chapter 7 - Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events

Chapter 8 - Advanced C# Type Construction Techniques

Part Three - Programming with .NET Assemblies

Chapter 9 - Understanding .NET Assemblies

Chapter 10 - Processes, AppDomains, Contexts, and Threads

Chapter 11 - Type Reflection, Late Binding, and Attribute-Based Programming

Part Four - Leveraging the .NET Libraries

Chapter 12 - Object Serialization and the .NET Remoting Layer

Chapter 13 - Building a Better Window (Introducing Windows Forms)

Chapter 14 - A Better Painting Framework (GDI+)

Chapter 15 - Programming with Windows Forms Controls

Chapter 16 - The System.IO Namespace

Chapter 17 - Data Access with ADO.NET

Part Five - Web Applications and XML Web Services

Chapter 18 - ASP.NET Web Pages and Web Controls

Chapter 19 - ASP.NET Web Applications

Chapter 20 - XML Web Services

Index

List of Figures

List of Tables