- •Vocabulary list 3. The Judicial Systems of the usa and the uk. Legal Issues. 4
- •Unit 3 . Us ans uk judicial systems. Legal issues
- •Vocabulary list 3. The Judicial Systems of the usa and the uk. Legal Issues.
- •Lesson 6. Us legal system. Crime and criminals(1) Before you start
- •Reading for vocabulary 6. Us legal system
- •Exercises
- •1. Find equivalents of the following.
- •2. Give as many synonyms as you can.
- •3. Translate into English
- •4. Translate the underlined passage. Writing IV.
- •Types of crime Vocabulary (1) listening V.
- •2. Listen to the record and answer the question to these crime news reports.
- •Offences against law (1)
- •Crimes and Criminals (1)
- •Translate and learn vocabulary of the first column from.
- •Match definitions and the crimes. Mind the definitions are unjumbled in parts,
- •Write the name for the criminal who committed this crime and his actions.
- •3. Write what these criminals were suspected of doing/reported to do.
- •4. Which of these crimes can be regarded as felonies? Which of them are misdemeanors? Argue for your viewpoint.
- •5.Arrange these crimes into two groups: violent crimes, property crimes. Writing V.
- •Lesson 7. Uk legal system. Crime and criminals(2) Reading for vocabulary 7. Uk legal system
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Match the names of the courts within uk Legal System with their jurisdictions.
- •3. Study the two schemes presenting uk Legal system. Compare a and b which of them promotes better understnding of the point. Why?a) uk Legal System
- •Types of crime Vocabulary (2) listening VI
- •1. Look at these summaries of the crime news and fill in the gaps.
- •2. Listen to the record and answer the question to these crime news reports.
- •Offences against law (2)
- •Crimes and criminals (2)
- •Translate and learn vocabulary of the first column.
- •Match definitions and the crimes. Mind the definitions are unjumbled in parts, not inthe whole list of words.
- •Write the name for the criminal who committed this crime and his actions.
- •3. Write what these criminals were suspected of doing/reported to do.
- •4. Group the crimes mentioned above. You can group together financial and white-collar crime. Writing VI
- •Text translation IV Законодательство сша об организованной преступности
- •Lesson 8 . Legal professions: us police(1). Reading for vocabulary 8. Us Police history
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Say what these figures designate in the text.
- •3. Retell the text. Use the following words and expressions:
- •Police Vocabulary (1)
- •1. Study the first part of police vocabulary and translate the words and expressions into Russian.
- •2. Fill the gaps with the words from above.
- •3. Study these questions and statements. Entitle the columns.
- •Informing someone of laws and police procedures
- •Questions from law breakers or suspected criminals
- •Questions police may ask a suspected criminal
- •4. Make use of these sentences and compose and role-play an episode for a movie. Text translation V.
- •Полиция
- •Lesson 9. Legal professions: uk police(2). Reading for vocabulary 9.
- •Uk police history
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Fill the gaps in these sentences with some word combinations from the table above:
- •5. Retell the text. Use the following words and expressions:
- •Police Vocabulary 2
- •1. Study the second part of police vocabulary and translate the words and expressions into Russian.
- •2. Fill the gaps with the words from above.
- •Text translation VI.
- •Британская полиция поймала "грабителей века"
- •Lesson 10 . Us and uk courtrooms Reading for vocabulary 10. Us courtroom
- •Exercises
- •1. Find equivalents of the following.
- •2. Study the meaning of the names for legal professions.
- •3. Now speak about the difference in the meaning and the responsibilities of:
- •Writining VII.
- •Listening VII. The Supreme Court of the usa
- •Court Vocabulary
- •1. Study Court Vocabulary and translate the words and expressions into Russian.
- •2. Fill the gaps with the words from above. Part 1
- •3. The Bar. Read the text and guess the words. The number of “- ” is the number of omitted letters.
- •Text translation VII.
- •В зале суда
- •Lesson 11. Punishment: prisons and prisoners
- •Uk punishment
- •Community Sentences
- •Exercises
- •1. Find the equivalents to the following
- •2. Fill the table with names of penitentiaries which deal with these young offenders.
- •3. Transalte theses sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Translate from Russian into English Types of Punishment Vocabulary
- •1. Study Types of Punishment Vocabulary and translate the words and expressions into Russian.
- •2. Fill the gaps with the words from above.
- •Listening VIII. Death Sentences In u.S. At Their Lowest Level Since 1976
- •Text translation VIII.
- •Российские милиционеры в американской тюрьме
- •Text translation IX.
- •Смертная казнь: вернуть или отменить?
- •Homereading list 3
Text translation VII.
Translate this text from Russian into English.
В зале суда
Судья обычно сидит на высокой скамье известной как «судейское место». За его спиной обычно находится изображение печати соответствующего федерального округа и флаг штата, в котором происходит судопроизводство. Судьи обычно одеты в простую черную мантию.
Рядом с судейской скамьей находится место дачи свидетельская трибуна (место дачи свидетельских показаний). Зал суда разделен на 2 части барьером, который может иметь перегородки или быть воображаемым. У одной из стен обычно стоит судебный пристав, который поддерживает порядок в зале суда.
По одну сторону судейской скамьи находятся столы истца и ответчика, за которыми они сидят со своими адвокатами. Напротив них находится скамьи для присяжных судей, где эти судьи находятся во время слушания дела.
Сотрудники суда и присяжные обычно заходят в зал заседаний в разные двери. В отличие от сторон судебного спора и присяжных, только юристы могут переходить «барьер». Обычно в зале находится небольшое возвышение, на которое защитники поднимаются и оспаривают свои дела перед судьей.
По другую сторону находятся места для публики, людей которые приходят послушать, что происходит в суде. Места для публики, как правило, имеют форму церковных скамеек.
В отличие от состязательных судов в апелляционных судах не имеется, ни скамьи присяжных, ни свидетельской трибуны. Судейская скамья, напротив, гораздо больше, так как должна вмещать большее количество судей.
Как правило, стены в зале суда покрыты деревянными панелями, но это скорее традиция, так современные суды часто выглядят иным образом.
В здании суда может находиться большое количество залов судебных заседаний.
Lesson 11. Punishment: prisons and prisoners
Before you read
-When the sentence becomes known to the criminal? Who passes verdicts? Who sentence the criminal to punishment?
-What are the possible verdicts/sentences? What are the principles according to which they are passed? What is the most and the least serious punishment ? What are the ways to avoid prison? Who is the last person to sentence a criminal?
Uk punishment
The punishment you can expect if you are convicted of a crime will depend on what crime you committed. The law in the UK allocates punishment that is linked to the severity of the crime. Therefore theft for instance carries a lesser punishment than murder.
The courts are guided as to the sentences and other punishments they can hand down to offenders. The law is regularly reviewed with sentences for some crimes increased as public pressure has indicated that the current punishment isn’t severe enough. The punishment should always fit the crime under UK law.
The vast majority of punishments are handed down by the magistrates’ court as these courts deal with most of the criminal cases in the UK. Magistrates’ do, however, have limited powers and can refer an offender to the Crown Court if they think that the offender should receive a higher fine or longer sentence than they can impose. Some crimes also have automatic prison sentences.
Offenders who are found guilty will usually get either an absolute discharge or a conditional discharge. An absolute discharge means that no further action will be taken against the offender. The offender still has a criminal record, but the court will take no action against them. A conditional discharge means that the offender will not get a punishment right away, but if they reoffend the court will hand down a punishment for the original crime and the new one they have committed.
Young Offenders
Anyone that is under the age of 21 could have a number of sentences imposed on them. In the UK there is an emphasis on rehabilitation of offenders where this is possible by sending them to institutions that can help them modify their behaviour.
Very young children between the ages of 12-16 can be sent to a secure children’s home. Local authorities run these institutions. Young Offenders Institutions (YOIs) are for offenders between the ages of 15 and 21. The prison service runs these institutions that have a focus on education. Secure Training Centres are for offenders up the age of 17. They offer vocational training and education.
If you are a repeat offender, and between the ages of 12 and 17 the court may decide that the best way to punish you and offer you rehabilitation is to use a Detention and Training Order (DTO). You will be sent to an institution for between 4 months and 2 years. Half of your sentence will be spent in the institution itself, with the second half spent in the community under the supervision of the Youth Offending Team.
If the offence that you have committed means it will be heard at the Crown Court and the offence if committed by an adult could receive a sentence of 14 years or more, you could be sentenced under Section 90/91. Section 90 is for murder, with section 91 available if the court wants to impose a longer sentence.