2. Interaction of the industry with an environment.

Ecologically-economic principles of wildlife management:

1) Preservation of spatial value.

2) the Principle of a steering level of use.

3) the Principle of the responsibility of anthropogenous loadings of region and their conformity natural-resource potential.

4) the Nature of the caused circulation of substances.

5) the Coordination of an industrial and natural rhythm.

6) Priority of an ecological optimality.

Ecological concepts of wildlife management:

1) Technological optimism.

2) Technological pessimism.

3) Final concepts of the future. (Medoyz Forrester)

4) Zero economic growth.

5) the Consumer concept.

6) the Texnocratic concept.

7) the Concept of inexhaustibility of natural resources.

8) Ecological colonysm.

Development of processes of industrialization, urbanization and growth of a population conduct to damage of an environment.

The scheme of interaction of a society and the nature.

Arrows 1, 2, 3, 4 streams of waste are designated: gaseous, liquid, firm, power.

Production wastes are the rests of materials, raw material, the semifinished items, formed during manufacturing production and lost in full or in part useful or physical properties. An example: the products which have formed as a result of physical and chemical manufactures of raw material.

Distinguish returnable and irrevocable production wastes.

Irrevocable are waste which (it is impossible to process) cannot be used in manufacture on the given development of the industry.

Waste of industrial consumption are unsuitable for the further use on direct purpose and the machines written off when due hereunder, tools and subjects of the industrial attitude.

Exchange weights of modern industrial city

3. Characteristics of an environment. Structure of biosphere.

The biosphere is the largest biological system in which the constant life is possible.

Structure of biosphere.

The biosphere includes:

1) Alive substance.

2) Biogenic substance.

3) the Biobone substance created by alive organisms together with the lifeless nature.

Structure of biosphere:

- The atmosphere, includes a gas mix, nitrogen, oxygen of 20,95 %, argon, _CO2 0,03 %, inert gases and other gases;

- Firm particles;

- Products of a vegetative, animal origin and water pairs;

- Hydrosphere, sources of fresh waters, world ocean;

- Litosphere is the biobone system based on biological interaction between mineral components (sand, clay, water).

4. Vernadsky's doctrine about biosphere.

Substantive provisions about biosphere, its structure and development have been developed by Vernadsky.

Substantive provisions:

1. As a result of evolution of biosphere it will be transformed to a noosphere (sphere of reason). It considered unity of all processes of self-organizing of a matter.

2. Evolutionary processes are repeatedly accelerated because of increasing influence of the person on the nature. The defining factor in its development is the person.

3. The collective reason is capable to define ways of evolutionary development.

Mechanisms of evolution:

- Classical (the theory of Darwin);

- биффуркационные processes - the qualitative spasmodic changes, being one of principal causes of irreversibility of development.

The theory of accidents studies these mechanisms. Founders of the theory: Poincare, Rens Toma.

To realize the directed development it is possible under conditions of presence:

1. The Purposes: joint, harmonious development of the nature and a society.

For this purpose it is necessary to know sizes of the parameters describing biosphere and their critical values which define turning points in its evolution.

2. Presence of means:

- The new technologies, allowing to use forces of the nature;

- New technics;

- The energy made by the person.

The dialectics consists what save from catastrophic consequences of a civilization the means, created to it can only.

The Scientific forecast of ways of evolution by means:

- The system analysis;

- Mathematical modelling;

- Computer technics.