- •198097, Санкт-Петербург, а/я № 67
- •129224, Москва, п. Шокальского, д. 67, корп. 2
- •Isbn 5-8168-0059-0
- •The infinitive
- •1. Forms
- •2. Structures with the infinitive
- •3. Functions
- •3.1. Subject
- •3.2. Predicative
- •3.3. Part of a compound verbal modal predicate
- •3.4. Part of a compound verbal aspect predicate
- •3.5. Object
- •3.6. Attribute
- •3.7. Adverbial modifier
- •2) Adverbial modifier of result
- •3) Adverbial modifier of comparison
- •4) Adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances
- •3.8. Parenthesis
- •4. The split infinitive
- •The gerund
- •1. Forms
- •2. Structures with the gerund
- •3.1. Subject
- •3.2. Predicative
- •3.3. Part of a compound verbal aspect predicate
- •3.4. Object
- •2) The gerund is used after a number of verbs with prepositions:
- •3) The gerund is used after the following prepositional expressions:
- •4) There are a number of verbs which can be followed by either the infinitive or the gerund:
- •3.5. Attribute
- •3.6. Adverbial modifier
- •The participles
- •1. Forms
- •2. Structures with the participles
- •Objective Participial Construction;
- •Subjective Participial Construction;
- •Absolute Participial Construction;
- •2.1. Objective participial construction (opc)
- •2.2. Subjective participial construction (spc)
- •2.3. Absolute participial construction (apc)
- •3. Functions
- •3.1. Attribute
- •1) Participle I
- •3.2. Adverbial modifier
- •1) Adverbial modifier of time
- •2) Adverbial modifier of cause
- •3) Adverbial modifier of comparison
- •4) Adverbial modifier of manner (attendant circumstances)
- •5) Adverbial modifier of condition
- •6) Adverbial modifier of concession
- •3.3. Predicative
- •4. Misrelated participle
- •Practice section the infinitive
- •Participles
- •Revision
3.4. Object
The gerund, like the infinitive, is widely used in this function after a great number of verbs and expressions.
1) Verbs always admit |
followed by dislike |
the gerund: justify |
recollect |
|
adore |
endure |
mention |
report |
|
appreciate |
enjoy |
mind |
require |
|
avoid |
entail |
miss |
resent |
|
burst out |
excuse |
necessitate |
resist |
|
cannot help |
fancy |
need |
risk |
|
contemplate |
forgive |
postpone |
stand |
|
consider |
give up |
practice |
stop (=' |
prevent') |
defer |
grudge |
put off |
suggest |
|
delay |
imagine |
prevent |
tolerate |
|
deny |
include |
propose |
want |
|
detest |
involve |
recall |
|
|
He grudged doing extra work.
She missed having somebody to find fault with.
■ |
|
|
|
|
. |
He contemplated buying a villa in the West Country.
She risks losing all her money.
I appreciated hearing from them.
He considered moving to another district.
How do I stop the tap dripping?
Nothing could stop Tim from being a lawyer.
He resented having to explain.
Notes:
1) The verbs admit, imagine, mention, propose, recall, recollect, report, suggest are rarely used with a gerundial construction, a that-
clause is preferred, so that we normally have two options — a gerundial phrase or a clause. Compare:
The girl admitted being his accomplice.
The girl admitted that she was his accomplice.
He suggested getting up early.
He suggested that we should get up early.
2) Two options are possible with excuse:
Excuse те/my being late.
Excuse me for being late.
Note that excuse also has the meaning 'exempt': • The headmaster excused him from doing gym.
3) An active gerund with need means the same as the passive infinitive:
The room needs redecorating = The room needs to be redecorated. Require and want are also sometimes used in this way:
The dress wants cleaning.
4) Prevent can be used both with and without from:
The man was instructed to prevent people entering.
It prevented me from coming in time.