Food and Meals.
1. Food: – пища, съестные припасы; nutrition – пища, питание; meals: to have a snack, to dine out, to have tea, to have a snack - перекусить; beverage – напиток = drinks (soft and strong); to eat; to swallow; to chew; cuisine- (подбор кушаний); dish - блюдо, кушанье (main dish); tray - лёгкая закуска; a speciality of the day - фирменное блюдо; for a main course (first); gourmet ['guəmeɪ] - гастроном, гурман
2. Places where we can have meals: restaurant (French, Japanese; Greek; Inalian); fast food restaurant; bar; coffee-shop; café; canteen; self-service buffet; waiter=waitress; to serve; to lay the table; table d’hote * - a restaurant meal offered at a fixed price and with few if any choices; *early 17th century: French, literally 'host's table'. The term originally denoted a table in a hotel or restaurant where all guests ate together, hence a meal served there at a stated time and for a fixed price
A
tapas [
]
bar - исп.
закусочная;
buffet
restaurant
– «шведский
стол»
a vacant seat; to sit down to table; to make an order; a table for two; a three course dinner: an appetizer (starter), for a first course; for a main course; for dessert [di'zət]; helping - порция; to pay the bill; tips; to overcharge – обсчитать; to serve – подавать; to treat smb. to smth. – угощать = радушно кормить, поить - entertain (to; at); я угощаю— (it's) my treat; it's on me
3. Cooking: to peel – снимать кожуру, чистить; to grate – натереть на терке ; clean meet from bones; to chop; to mince – молоть, сделать фарш; to mill = to grind (ground) – молоть, толочь; размельчать; to stuff - начинять, фаршировать; to boil – варить; to simmer – кипятить на медленном огне = to pouch; to stir (up) -мешать, помешивать, размешивать; взбалтывать; to fry; to roast – на огне; to smoke- коптить; to stew [stju:] - тушиться, томиться; to bake; cut; drain – дать стечь; to roll in fine breadcrumbs – обвалять в сухарях; to turn over; to probe; to taste; to whip = to beat up – взбивать = whisk; to spread - намазывать; to sprinkle - посыпать; to pour; grow cold; spill over – проливать: to add; to skim – снять пену; to sift = to sieve [sɪv] - отсеивать, просеивать; to pickle - мариновать, солить; to dress with smth.- заправлять (салат); squeeze out - выжимать; выдавливать; to pinch – солить (щепотка); откусывать, отрезать
4. Dishes: soup; broth; chicken; chops; pasta=macaroni; porridge; mashed potatoes; casserole - запеканка (кастрюля); scrambled eggs - омлет, яичница-болтунья; pizza; mushrooms; jellied fish –заливное; dumplings – клецки; meat dumplings - пельмени; solyanka (a spicy soup of vegetables and meat or fish) – солянка; jelly – студень; lasagna - лазанья
5. Quality of food: well-cooked = taste; delicious; sweet; bitter; acid; sour; salty; unsalted; stale; overdone/underdone meat; spicy =hot; fresh; eatable; tasteless; flavour – вкус, аромат. запах
sparkling - игристый, пенистый, шипучий; to sizzle – шипеть, шкварчить
Brands of Food:
6. Cereals – злаки, крупы (groats): wheat- пшеница, corn, maize [meiz]- кукуруза, rice - рис, oats - овес, barley - ячмень, millet - просо; lentil – чечевица; groats – крупа; semolina - манная, oatmeal - овсянка, pearl barley - перловая, buck wheat - гречневая, ); grain – зерно; хлебные злаки; flour – мука; rye bread; loaf (loaves) of bread; dough [dəu] – тесто; to knead = mix; flaky dough — слоёное тесто; rich - , unleavened - пресный
7. Spices: salt; pepper; mustard; vinegar; dressing - приправа соус; horseradish – хрен; yeast [ji:st] – дрожжи
8. Herbs and vegetables: dill – укроп; parsley – петрушка; celery – сельдерей; lettuce - салат-латук; bean(s) -бобы; pea(s) - горох; asparagus; marrow = squash – кабачок = zucchini; eggplant - баклажан; beet – свекла; cauliflower; cabbage; tomato, cucumber; potato; radish; turnip; carrot; pumpkin; onion; ; garlic (clove of garlic–зубчик); green or red pepper (paprika); cilantro - кинза
9. Dairy products: butter; milk; sour cream; cottage cheese; butter milk; yogurt; sour clotted milk = thick sour milk –простокваша;
10. Nuts: walnut - грецкий; peanut – арахис/земляной; hazel nut – лесной/фундук; almond - миндаль; nutmeg – мускатный; seeds – семечки: cashew; chestnut - каштан
11. Berries: grapes; strawberry; raspberry; black currant; gooseberry; blueberry = bilberry– черника; bog bilberry - голубика; blackberry – ежевика; cranberry -клюква; cowberry = fox berry - брусника; mul-berry – шелковица; cherry