In February 2011 the Constitution was amended to establish the constitutional foundations of the destination and extraordinary presidential elections in the country

And last one is United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelan (commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.

The Constitution of the United Kingdom

Historical features of the development of the state led to a non-standard nature of the British constitution. Britain did not know at once established as a constitutional act. Features of the Constitution refer to the form, but do not relate to its content or substance. The shape of the British constitution has a combined, systematized character, it is composed of two parts - written and unwritten. This character has all the branches of English law, therefore, constitutional law does not seem very clear, definite. Britain's unwritten constitution is often called, referring to the fact that she had never been "written" in a single act, write and unwritten parts of it are, in turn, different, very diverse sources.

Pissing part includes the right to a status that is taken in different years, and even the era of Parliament governing the constitutional nature, but none of these laws is the fundamental law, and court decisions (precedents), having as its subject matters which are of the same constitutional nature. Although court decisions have painted an objective, ie recorded on paper, the character, yet the doctrine classifies them as part of the unwritten law. the phrase "painted" the law means the law is formally adopted by the Parliament, whether it is recorded on paper or not, and the term "unwritten" law is used to refer to the law, not accept the Parliament. Court decisions constitute a system of "common law", and they mainly affect the rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as the relationship of various government agencies. Judicial precedents myriad, the most important of these are solutions of the higher courts, especially the House of Lords - the supreme court of the country. Its decisions are binding on all courts.

To actually apply the unwritten part of the constitutional agreement is not legally documented anywhere, but regulators are generally the most important issues of public life. These agreements, or a system of customary law are dealt with in the UK as the basis of constitutional law. Custom are established in practice, the rules do not enjoy legal protection. Royal prerogative, for example, are part of customary law. These include rules governing the appointment of Ministers, the collective responsibility of cabinet ministers, dissolve parliament, the conclusion of international treaties, declare war, etc. In practice, these prerogatives are made crown (monarch), upon receipt of approval of the government in power. The sovereignty of parliament - the fundamental principle of British constitutional law - is also a principle of customary law. It has been repeatedly recognized by the courts, in particular, in 1840 the court reaffirmed the right of Parliament to judge of its members for violation of their rights and privileges, in 1884 the court confirmed the full right of Parliament to manage their internal affairs.

Historically, the constitutional arrangements have different origins. They arise because of the circumstances as a result of inter-party struggle, and plays the role of the slow evolution of current practices, adapting it to changing conditions. No one can make to comply with the constitutional tradition, this is not any - or an ad hoc body. Parliament - the keeper of the theoretical sovereignty - at any time, may offer a new rule revoking or abolishing the previous custom. There is no accurate list of constitutional arrangements. Practically, they are all elements of the British political system.

The status is entitled to fragmental character, acts of Parliament on constitutional issues, there are about four thousand, and this number is constantly increasing. Some Acts of Parliament can be considered as a purely constitutional, devoted entirely to what - or the issue of constitutional regulation. These include, in particular, a number of laws on the composition, powers and relationships Houses of Parliament (Act of Parliament in 1911 and 1949., Perah Act of 1963), laws on the legal status of the individual - for example, Habeas Corpus Act 1679 , Bill of Rights 1689, (though these acts are now more historical character, as they were gradually replaced almost completely by later laws in criminal law and criminal - procedural law), the Voting Rights Act (Representation of the People Acts of 1949, 1969, 1974., etc.), laws on local government (Local Government Acts 1972 and 1985.). The constitutional provisions are contained in the laws that regulate these standards is part of the act along with other issues, for example, the ministers of the Crown Act 1975 along with the questions of a constitutional nature contains many provisions relating to administrative law. The constitutional provisions may be contained in the act of delegated legislation.

The peculiar system of English constitutional law in general, of course, covers all aspects of this regulation, but each member is the right components - court decisions, the law or what - or custom - does not claim to be the general principles, all of them, usually owe their the origin of particular cases, individual needs that caused the need to complement, adapting the existing order of resolution of certain issues to the new circumstances.