- •Тема 1 Relative Clauses
- •5. Decide if the relative clauses are defining or non-defining, choose the correct pronoun and put commas where necessary:
- •6. Grammar Revision.
- •Today’s shopping innovations
- •9. Study the following words and phrases:
- •10. Match the words with their definitions:
- •11. Match two halves of the sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •12. Fill in the gaps with one of the following words and expressions. Use the correct forms of the verbs:
- •13. Find collocations from the text:
- •14. Give the English equivalents of the following words and expressions:
- •15. Fill in the right preposition where necessary:
- •20. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones:
- •20. Choose the correct answers to the following questions:
- •21. Study the following words and phrases:
- •Reported Speech. Affirmative sentences
- •Vocabulary Study
- •8. Study the following words and phrases:
- •10. Decipher the following abbreviations:
- •11. Match the definitions:
- •12. Cross the odd word out:
- •13. Match the idiomatic expressions (1-5) with their meaning (a-e) and translation (I-V):
- •Vocabulary Study
- •21. Study the following words and phrases:
- •Indirect command and request
- •Indirect questions
- •Indirect general questions
- •Indirect special questions
- •Mechanisms of markets
- •Size parameters
- •6. Study the following words and phrases:
- •7. Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence:
- •8. A) Add the word market either before or after each of the words below:
- •10. Match the words with their definitions:
- •11. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from Ex. 10:
Тема 1 Relative Clauses
Defining relative clauses
Here is the book (which/that) I’ve bought.
Here is the man who/that sold me the book.
The underlined phrases are relative clauses. The words in bold are relative pronouns. You use ‘which’ for things, ‘who’ for people and ‘that’ for both things and people.
You can omit a relative pronoun if it is followed immediately by a noun or a pronoun. You can’t omit it if it is followed by a verb.
The relative pronoun ‘whose’ shows possession:
Peter Jones is a talented scientist whose ideas are very interesting.
A defining clause adds very important information that cannot be omitted. It is not separated by a comma.
Non-defining relative clauses
Harrods, which is one of the most famous department stores in the world, is located in London.
Charles Brown, who is the Sales Manager of the company, is going on business to France tomorrow.
A non-defining relative clause adds extra information and is separated by commas. In a non-defining relative clause you cannot omit ‘who’ or ‘which’. ‘That’ is not used in this type of clause.
Leave out ‘who’, ‘which’ or ‘that’ where possible and explain why:
I like the dress which my sister bought at this department store.
What is the name of the girl who is working at this shop?
I gave her all the money that I had.
The people who I talked to were very friendly.
Where is the money that was on the table?
5. Decide if the relative clauses are defining or non-defining, choose the correct pronoun and put commas where necessary:
Sam works for a company (who/which) makes clothes.
My brother told me about his new job (which/that) he is enjoying very much.
My office (which/whose) is on the second floor, is very small.
The office (that/where) we’re using at the moment is very small.
John (which/whose) car was stolen last week is very upset.
6. Grammar Revision.
a) Complete the sentences using a comparative form of the adjective with the opposite meaning:
The coffee is very weak. I like it a bit …
Mike doesn’t study well enough. I’m sure he can do … .
You seldom phone me. Could you call me … ?
You’re standing too near the fireplace. Could you move a bit … away?
Your brother is so young! I thought he was … than you.
b) Complete the sentences using as + adjective + as:
My salary is high but yours is higher. My salary isn’t …
Mike knows a bit about computers but Tim knows more. Mike doesn’t … .
I know the city better than her. She doesn’t … .
c) Use ‘one of’ + superlative + preposition:
It’s a very busy place. It’s … the city.
It’s a very expensive boutique. It’s … Paris.
It was a very bad experience. It was … my life.
d) Use the correct form of the adjective or adverb in brackets:
Shops in this town open (early) than in ours.
Sally isn’t as (efficient) as the salesgirl who worked before her.
Mary is (good) manager in our company!
It’s getting (hard) and (hard) to find a good job.
That was (boring) presentation I had ever listened to.