- •Уважаемый читатель!
- •Table of contents:
- •Social issues
- •1. What is love
- •Impersonal love
- •Interpersonal love
- •Chemical basis
- •Psychological basis
- •Cultural views Persian
- •If you have no sympathy for the troubles of others
- •Chinese and other Sinic cultures
- •Japanese
- •Ancient Greek
- •Turkish (Shaman & Islamic)
- •Ancient Roman (Latin)
- •Religious views Judaism
- •Christianity
- •Islam and Arab
- •Eastern religions Buddhism
- •Hinduism
- •Puppy Love
- •Limerence
- •Intrusive thinking
- •Platonic love
- •Love sickness
- •Symptoms
- •Unrequited love
- •Love-shyness
- •Polyamory
- •Love tyrannises all the ages
- •Love sentence examples
- •Explanation of the idioms surrounding this irresistible subject.
- •2.Divorce Observe Courtroom Etiquette
- •Orderly Justice: The Phases of a Divorce Trial
- •Senior Divorce
- •Why Senior Divorce is on the Rise
- •3. I have family problems - Are there steps for recovery?
- •4.Types of families
- •IX. Divorce.
- •Family reunion
- •5.Religion
- •6. National identity
- •7. Human rights
- •8. Law enforcement
- •Fine Arts
- •Background
- •Calligraphy
- •Photography
- •Sculpture
- •Conceptual art
- •Theatre
- •Architecture
- •Andy Warhol’s biography
- •Impressionism: Art and Modernity
- •Van Gogh: The Church at Auvers (1890)
- •Education and training
- •Painting
- •Origins and early history
- •The Renaissance
- •Dutch masters
- •Impressionism
- •Post-impressionism
- •Symbolism, expressionism and cubism
- •Printmaking
- •European history
- •Photography
- •Filmmaking
- •Computer art
- •The Plastic arts
- •Copyright definition of visual art
- •Art Glossary
- •Russian and English Proverbs
- •Russian proverbs – Similar English proverbs
- •Business English
- •Standard Business Questions
- •Standard Business Questions
- •Is your company public?
- •Business Jargon
- •Time Idioms
- •War Idioms
- •Back Idioms
- •No Idioms
- •Memory Idioms
- •Way Idioms
- •Business Letters in English
- •Who writes Business Letters?
- •Why write Business Letters?
- •Business Letter Vocabulary
- •Business Letter Self-Assessment Test Are the following statements True or False?
- •Sample Resume/cv
- •Resignation Letter
- •Payment Request
- •Business Correspondence Glossary
- •Negotiations in English
- •The Art of Negotiating
- •Vocabulary
- •The Negotiation Process
- •Language to use to show understanding/agreement on a point:
- •Language to use for objection on a point or offer:
- •Coming to a Close or Settlement
- •Beware of last-minute strong-arm tactics.
- •Language to use in closing
- •Formalize the agreement/negotiation
- •Self-Assessment Test Are the following statements True or False?
- •Marketing
- •Banking
- •Contracts
- •Insurance
- •Company Structure
- •British and American Financial Terms
- •What is mass media
- •What is media industry?
- •Alternative media
- •Media imperialism
- •The History of Advertising
- •Introduction
- •Harper's Weekly, September 26, 1868
- •Colgate & Co. Toilet Soaps
- •Victor: The Only Perfect Lawn-Mower in the World Harper's Weekly, April 20, 1872
- •John b. Dunham Pianos Testimonials from several musicians Harper's Weekly, December 31, 1864
- •The Coca-Cola Company
- •Introduction
- •Coca-Cola’s Slogans and Images over the Years
- •Contemporary Advertising
- •Methods of advertising
- •The Impact of Advertising
- •Glossary
- •Hollywood
- •Hollywood glossary
- •Ecology
- •Global politics and current environmental condition
- •Global water use – Quick facts
- •Ecological Glossary:
- •Сто вопросов и ответов о сша one hundred questions and answers about the usa
- •2. What are the ingredients of a traditional American Thanksgiving dinner?
- •3. What do the terms "melting pot" and "salad bowl" mean to u.S. Society and culture?
- •Impressionists?
- •67. Which American President was the first to live in the White House?
- •B ritish English vs American English
- •Things Americans should not say in Britain
- •Medicine medical terms
- •Euthanasia Pros and Cons
- •Reasons for Euthanasia
- •Unbearable pain
- •Right to commit suicide
- •People should not be forced to stay alive
- •Quotations on Euthanasia
- •Right to Die Movement is Really About Euthanasia, Not Compassion
- •Sporting Trophies
- •Sporting
- •Association football
- •Championship belt
- •Weight divisions
- •Wba championship Belt Professional wrestling
- •The Big Gold Belt, an example of a championship belt in professional wrestling.
- •Tom Morris, Jr. Wearing the Championship Belt.
- •7 World Famous Sporting Trophies …
- •1. The Superbowl Trophy
- •1 England finds a new way to lose the World Cup
- •2 American College Football Trophies - a pork chop
- •3 The Ashes - great balls of fire
- •4 Classic golf trophy - getting rub of the green
- •5 The Stanley Cup - forget about putting it on the mantelpiece
- •6 The Ranfurly Shield - rugby is moved by goalposts
- •7 The Calcutta Cup - it could have saved a lot of bad blood
- •8 The Borg-Warner - knobs and knockers
- •9 The America's Cup - breaking tradition
- •10 The Also Rans
Harper's Weekly, September 26, 1868
In 1880 businessmen employed the best creator of advertising texts – D. E. Powers. Powers started to develop advertisements using brand-new information. This strategy had become very popular in American trade circles and by the 20th century advertising had become a form of science.
“In the 1880s a new era of advertising began: New methods of manufacturing led to greatly increased output and decreased the costs for the producers of consumer goods. The products now could be packaged at the plant. Moreover the telegraph network was in place and the continent has been crisscrossed by a network of railroads….” All these were assumptions that now allowed nation-wide distribution and nation-wide advertising. This state supported the growth of advertising agencies and dictated their activities.
The most widely advertised consumer products at this time had been patent medicines.
In 1893 more than half of over a hundred firms spending more than fifty thousand dollars annually on advertising were patent medicine manufacturers. But only 20 years later, most of these firms were no patent medicine manufacturers anymore but manufacturers of food, soap, cosmetics and automobiles. These firms began to market their packaged goods under brand names. Some of the first brands were firms like Ivory, Colgate, Wrigley and Coca Cola.
Colgate & Co. Toilet Soaps
Previously such everyday household products like milk, sugar, soap, rice and candles had been sold in neighborhood shops from bulk packages.
Victor: The Only Perfect Lawn-Mower in the World Harper's Weekly, April 20, 1872
During 19th century the majority of advertisements were published in the newspapers and advertising leaflets. Although newspapers were a prerogative of well-off class of community but the situation began to change in the early 1860’s when people got the opportunity of receiving publications by post. First magazine advertisements appeared in The Southern Messenger. For a few years the editor of this magazine was Edgar Po. Many of the magazines that began to publish advertisements as the separate charter in the 19th century have continued doing it nowadays. Such editions are Cosmopolitan, Ladies’ Home Journal, Readers Digest and some others.
Despite of the popular brands of newspapers the majority of information in the advertisements was unreliable and apocryphal. Moreover advertisements sometimes were immoral and absurd. For example in the countryside of one American city advertisement was placed in the monument of a non-existent person and it stated: “This person killed himself with the handgun with Colt system”. Then “publishers” enumerated the value of this handgun. As the result of such inhuman actions people stopped trusting advertisements and began to consider advertising as something negative.
John b. Dunham Pianos Testimonials from several musicians Harper's Weekly, December 31, 1864
The situation radically changed in the 20th century, the heyday of legal regulations in advertising, a process that the U.S.A. was very influential in.
Advertising agencies today are highly specialized companies which employ a large number of people in a variety of business and creative skills, including advertising and marketing specialists, designers, copy writers, artists, economists, psychologists, researchers, media analysts, product testers, librarians, accountants, bookkeepers, and mathematicians. This business sector makes billions of dollars each year, depending on the economical growth and development of a country but also enhancing exactly this.
The agencies make money in different ways, buying time for an ad on radio or television for a customer or space for an ad in a newspaper of magazine. They always keep up to 15% of the cost as a commission, which has become a standard in the advertising industry and covers a huge part of the agency’s income. Of course, the range of offers of an agency is much bigger than simply providing space or time for ads on TV, radio, newspapers or magazines. They offer their customers whole packages of approaches for a specific population group.
The first radio-advertisement was broadcast in 1922 in New York on the WEAF radio station.
Thus in the 1920s advertisers and their agents had come to realize radio's possibilities. With its drama and immediacy, radio could convey their message directly to the consumer who would not need to purchase a publication or even need to be literate.
In the 1950s television was introduced and quickly developed into THE advertising-media. In the 1950’s common income from the advertising industry rose to $ 10 billion a year. In 1980’s this index was $ 100 billion! Now advertisers could demonstrate the use of their products and present well-known figures to praise it. They could also affect emotions through television.
Today advertisers spend millions of dollars for their campaigns, although they don't always know how effective their advertising dollars really are.