TENSE FORMS - TABLES!!!
.docTENSE FORMS TABLE |
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ACTIVE VOICE |
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P R E S E N T
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SIMPLE |
CONTINUOUS |
PERFECT |
PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
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“+ “ SUBJECT + V/V+S (he, she, it) … I go to the swimming pool every day. My mother works 5 days a week. “-” SUBJECT + DO NOT/DOES NOT (he, she, it) + V … I don’t go to the swimming pool every day. My mother doesn’t work 5 days a week. “?” DO/DOES (he, she, it) +“ SUBJECT +V…? Do you go to the swimming pool every day? Does your mother work five days a week?
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“+ “ SUBJECT + TO BE in the Present +V/V+ing … I am looking at the sky now. My mother is washing up. “-” SUBJECT + AM NOT(I) /IS NOT(he, she, it) /ARE NOT (you, they, we) + V ing… I am not looking at the sky now My mother isn’t washing up. “?” AM (I) /IS (he, she, it) /ARE (you, they, we)+“ SUBJECT +Ving…? Are you looking at the sky now? Is your mother washing up?
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“+ “ SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS (he, she, it) + V3/Ved… Kate has just read this book. We have already cleaned our flat. “-” SUBJECT + HAVE NOT/HAS NOT (he, she, it) + V3/Ved … Kate has not read this book. We have not cleaned our flat. “?” HAVE/HAS (he, she, it) +“ SUBJECT + V3/Ved …? Has Kate read the book? Have they cleaned their flat?
SINCE (A CERTAIN MOMENT IN THE PAST) Since 1999; since I was a child; FOR (A PERIOD OF TIME) For a week; for a month; for 5 years;
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“+ “ SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS (he, she, it)+ BEEN + Ving… I have been working at the problem for three years. He has been speaking over the telephone long enough. “-” SUBJECT + HAVE NOT/HAS NOT (he, she, it) + BEEN+ Ving … I haven’t been working at the problem for three years. He hasn’t been speaking over the telephone long enough. “?” HAVE/HAS (he, she, it) + SUBJECT +BEEN + Ving …? Have you been working at the problem for three years? Has he been speaking over the telephone long enough?
NB! Sometimes Present Perfect can be used instead of Present Perfect Continuous in the same meaning:
Present Perfect is used instead of Present Perfect Continuous with the stative verbs:
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P A S T |
“+ “ SUBJECT + Ved/V2 … I went to the swimming pool yesterday. My mother worked 5 days last week. “-” SUBJECT + DID NOT + V … I didn’t go to the swimming pool yesterday . My mother didn’t work 5 days last week. “?” DID +“ SUBJECT +V…? Did you go to the swimming pool yesterday? Did your mother work five days last week?
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“+ “ SUBJECT + TO BE in the Past + V+ing … We were looking at the sky. My mother was washing up. “-” SUBJECT + WAS NOT(I, he, she, it,) /WERE NOT(we, they, you) + V ing… We were not looking at the sky. My mother was not washing up. “?” WAS (I, he, she, it, ) /WERE (you, they, we) + SUBJECT +Ving…? Were they looking at the sky? Was your mother was washing up?
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“+ “ SUBJECT + HAD + V3/Ved… Kate was reading the book that she had bought two days ago. “-” SUBJECT + HAD NOT + V3/Ved … Kate was reading the book that she had not bought two days ago. Her mother had bought it. “?” HAD +“ SUBJECT + V3/Ved …? Had you read this book before you started a new one?
NB! Inversion appears there: Hardly/scarcely had she laid the table when she heard the telephone ring. Some ten minutes had no sooner passed than it stopped raining and the sun appeared in the cloudless sky again. |
“+ “ SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN + Ving… He had been working too much and he was tired. “-” SUBJECT + HAD NOT + BEEN+ Ving … He hadn’t been working too much and he wasn’t tired. “?” HAD +“ SUBJECT +BEEN + Ving …? Had he been working too much and was he tired?
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F U T U R E |
“+ “ SUBJECT + WILL+V … I’ll go to the swimming pool tomorrow. “-” SUBJECT + WILL NOT (WON’T) + V … I won’t go to the swimming pool tomorrow “?” WILL +“ SUBJECT +V…? Will you go to the swimming pool tomorrow?
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“+ “ SUBJECT + WILL + BE +V+ing … I’ll be translating this article from 4 till 6 tomorrow. “-” SUBJECT + WILL NOT (WON’T) + BE+ V ing… I’ll not be translating this article from 4 till 6 tomorrow. “?” WILL + SUBJECT+ BE +Ving…? Will you be translating this article from 4 till 6 tomorrow?
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“+ “ SUBJECT + WILL + HAVE+V3/Ved… We will have been married by next August. “-” SUBJECT + WILL NOT (WON’T) + HAVE + V3/Ved … We will not have married by next August. “?” WILL+ SUBJECT + HAVE + V3/Ved …? Will you have married by next August?
FUTURE
Certain period of time in the Future
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“+ “ SUBJECT + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + Ving… By this time next year I’ll have been studying English for over 2 years.. “-” SUBJECT + WILL NOT (WONT)+ HAVE + BEEN+ Ving … By this time next year I won’t have been studying English for over 2 years.. “?” WILL + SUBJECT + HAVE + BEEN + Ving …? Will you have been studying English for over 2 years by this time next year?
NB! This tense form is extremely seldom used in English.
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F U T U R E
I N
T H E
P A S T |
“+ “ SUBJECT + WOULD+V … She said she would go to the swimming pool the next day. “-” SUBJECT + WOULD NOT + V … She said she wouldn’t go to the swimming pool the next day. “?” WOULD + SUBJECT + V…? She asked me if I would go to the swimming pool the next day.
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“+ “ SUBJECT + WOULD + BE +V+ing … He promised he would be translating that article from 4 till 6 the following Monday. “-” SUBJECT + WOULD + NOT + BE+ V ing… .He promised he wouldn’t be translating that article from 4 till 6 the following Monday. “?” WOULD + SUBJECT+ BE +Ving…? The professor wanted to know if he would be translating that article from 4 till 6 the following Monday.
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“+ “ SUBJECT + WOULD + HAVE+ BEEN + V3/Ved… They promised they would have been married by the following August. “-” SUBJECT + WOULD NOT + HAVE + BEEN + V3/Ved … They promised they would not have been married by the following August. “?” WOULD + SUBJECT + HAVE + BEEN+ V3/Ved …? They were asked if they would have been married by the following August.
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“+ “ SUBJECT + WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + Ving… Mark assured us that by that time the following year he would have been studying English for over 2 years. “-” SUBJECT + WOULD NOT + HAVE + BEEN+ Ving … Mark assured us that by that time the following year he wouldn’t have been studying English for over 2 years. “?” WOULD + SUBJECT + HAVE + BEEN + Ving …? I asked Mark if he would have been studying English for over 2 years by that time the following year.
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TENSE FORMS TABLE |
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PASSIVE VOICE |
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PRESENT |
PAST |
FUTURE |
FUTURE-IN-THE-PAST |
SIMPLE |
AM/IS/ARE + V3/Ved
New houses are built every year. |
WAS/WERE + V3/Ved
A new house was built a year ago. |
WII BE + V3/Ved
A new house will be built in a year. |
WOULD BE + V3/Ved The local authorities promised that a new house would be built in a year. |
CONTINUOUS |
AM/IS/ARE + BEING + V3/Ved
New houses are being built in our district now. |
WAS/WERE + BEING + V3/Ved A new house was being built in our district during 6 months last year. |
- |
- |
PERFECT |
HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V3/Ved
New houses have been built this year. |
HAD + BEEN + V3/Ved
This new house had been built before my family moved to it. |
WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V3/Ved
A new house will have been built by the year of 2011. |
WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + V3/Ved The local authorities promised that a new house would have been built by the year of 2011. |
PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
- |
- |
- |
- |
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
VERBS WE DO NOT USE
IN CONTINUOUS TENSES:
Глаголы, обозначающие чувства восприятия:
To see |
Видеть |
To feel |
Чувствовать |
To notice |
Замечать |
To hear |
Слышать |
To taste |
Быть на вкус |
Глаголы, обозначающие эмоции:
To adore |
Поклоняться |
To care for |
Нравиться что-то, интересоваться чем-то |
To detest |
Ненавидеть |
To dislike |
Не любить |
To hate |
Ненавидеть |
To like |
Любить, нравиться |
To love |
Любить |
To respect |
Уважать |
Глаголы, обозначающие желания:
To desire |
Желать сильно |
To want |
Хотеть |
To wish |
Желать |
Глаголы, обозначающие умственные процессы:
To admire (to be of high opinion) |
Одобрять |
To appreciate |
Ценить |
To assume |
Принимать |
To believe (to consider) |
Полагать |
To doubt |
Сомневаться |
To imagine |
Представлять, воображать |
To know |
Знать |
To recognize |
Узнавать |
To recollect |
Вспоминать |
To recall |
Вспоминать |
To remember |
Помнить |
To trust |
Доверять |
To understand |
Понимать |
Глаголы, обозначающие принадлежность к чему-то либо взаимоотношения:
To be |
Быть |
To belong |
Принадлежать |
To consist |
Состоять |
To contain |
Содержать |
To depend |
Зависеть |
To deserve |
Заслуживать |
To differ |
Отличаться |
To have |
Иметь |
To include |
Включать |
To lack |
Не хватать |
To own |
Владеть, обладать |
To posses |
Владеть, обладать |
Некоторые другие глаголы:
To agree |
Соглашаться |
To allow |
Позволять, разрешать |
To claim |
Заявлять |
To envy |
Завидовать |
To displease |
Раздражать, сердить |
To find |
Искать, находить |
To forbid |
Запрещать |
To forgive |
Прощать |
To mean |
Иметь в виду, подразумевать |
To object |
Возражать |
To prefer |
Предпочитать |
To prevent |
Предотвращать |
To seem |
Казаться |