Dialogue 2

Т. Now, we'll consider another type of construction machines – machines for earth-moving and transporting. This type includes graders (грейдери), bulldozers, scrapers (скрепери) and excavating machines. So, what is the Ukrainian term for this group of construction machinery?

S. It's «машини для землерийно-транспортних робіт».

Т . That's right. First let's consider graders. Look at figure IX.3. It's a motor grader (автогрей-дер).

S. We know that motor graders are the main earth-moving and transporting machines.

T. Yes, These self-propelled (само-хідні) machines are widely used for construction operations Fig. IX.3

and repair of airport pavements.

S. Are they used for construction of pavement subgrade?

T. Yes, they are. Do you remember the meaning of the term «pavement subgrade»?

S. It's «земляне покриття», isn't it?

Т. Quite so. To come back to the use of motor graders we should mention that they are also used for mixing (змішування) ground, gravel and crushed rock materials with binding ones. Do you remember the meaning of the term «gravel and crushed rock»?

S. It is «гравійно-щебневі матеріали». We met them when learning the theme «Construction Materials».

T. Correct. And now let's pass to another kind of earth-moving machines. What is shown in figure IX.4?

S . It is a bulldozer.

T. That's right. And what is it used for?

S. It is designed for cutting and levelling

the ground as well as for transporting it

at short distances.

T. And besides bulldozers are used for Fig. IX. 4

clearing runways and taxiways of snow. What is the principal part of a bulldozer?

S. It's a blade (лезо), which can be of roratory or non-rotatory design.

T. Thank you. Quite so. And now we'll consider a scraper (скрепер).

Look at figure IX.5.

Scraper is a highly efficient earth-moving and transporting machine. What is it used for?

Fig. IX.5

S. It is used for moving the ground layer by layer and transporting it to the place of its dumping (вивантажування) and placing (укладання).

Т. Scrapers are also used for grading the ground (нівелювання грунту) and for its preparatory partial compaction. And what is the main element or workpiece of a scraper?

S. It is a bucket (ковш) with cutting knives.

T. Where is it installed?

S. It is installed on pneumatic tyres (пневматичні шини) and is equipped with a device for dropping (звалювання), lifting and unloading the ground.

T. Quite so. And now let's consider the last type of the machines belonging to this group. I think you'll guess what it is. Look at figure IX.6.

6 . It's an excavating machine.

T. There are many types of excavating machines. Power shovel (or backhoe) corresponds to the Ukrainian term «одноковшeвий екскаватор».

S. It is widely used for digging (викопування), loading, moving and unloading the ground. We know that they Fig. IX.6

are widely used for different operations

in the airport vicinity.

Вправа 14. Прочитайте, звертаючи увагу на наголос:

а) наголос на першому складі:

pavement, dropping, distance, heavy, levelling, necessary, mixing, rotatory, shovel, weight, thickness, backhoe, tyre, crawler;

б) наголос на другому складі:

constructed, directly, repairing, compaction, propelled, preparatory, pneumatic, material, efficient, unloading, capacity, combined.

Вправа 16. Перекладіть назви машин для землерийно-транспортних робіт:

grader, motor grader, backhoe, bulldozer, pull-type grader, crawler-mounted power shovel, scraper, elevating grader, wheel-mounted power shovel, excavating machine, combined backhoе.

Вправа 18. Прочитайте і перекладіть, текст 2.