2. Identify the infinitive constructions with the “Complex Object”

and give equivalents as shown in the example

Example: Most scientists expect major development in the near future

to take place in biology.

Большинство ученых ожидает, что основные открытия

в ближайшем будущем произойдут в биологии.

1. We expect a successful scientist to be full of curiosity – he wants to find

out how and why the universe works.

2. One can expect the scope of research to expand steadily.

3. Most scientists regard biology, rather than physics, to become a central

ground of scientific advance in the near future.

4. An efficient laboratory head always knows how to make his people do

their work properly and on time.

5. Nowadays we see many new areas of research to come into being as a

result of unexpected breakthroughs.

6. Scientists don’t consider this effect to be an experimental error of any

kind.

7. We may assume the composition of the sun and stars to be similar to that

of the earth.

8. They considered all water on the surface of this planet to have been

liberated by volcanic action.

9. One can hardly expect a true scientist to keep within the limits of one

narrow long-established field, leaving most fascinating problems out of

the scope of his inquiry.

10. We expect entirely new properties to develop when these molecules or

molecular aggregates interact with water, forming with it a new and

unique system.

3. Identify the infinitive constructions with the “Complex Subject”

and give equivalents as shown in the examples

Examples:

– Nowadays science is known to contribute to every aspect of

man’s life.

a) Известно, что в наши дни наука вносит свой вклад во

все аспекты нашей жизни.

b) Как известно, в наши дни наука вносит свой вклад во

все аспекты нашей жизни.

c) В наши дни наука, как известно, вносит свой вклад во

все аспекты нашей жизни.

– With the advent of nuclear weapon some people seemed to

be disappointed in science.

С появлением ядерного оружия некоторые люди, по-

видимому, разочаровались в науке.

– Molecular biology is likely to dominate science in the years

to come.

– Весьма вероятно, что молекулярная биология займет в

будущем доминирующее положение в науке.

1. A yawning ozone hole is reported to have been identified over the

Antarctic.

2. Harmful effects of pollution seem to have been in the news for a long

time.

3. One more type of pollution proves to have appeared recently.

4. All of us are certain to know very well what environmental pollution is.

5. You seem to have taken advantage of the favourable conditions.

6. The research is supposed to lead to a better understanding of the progress.

7. Molecular biologists are known to borrow their techniques from other

sciences, mainly from physics.

8. This phenomenon does not appear to be studied.

9. There does appear to be some correlations between these data.

10. This compound is sure to contain admixtures.

4. Identify the infinitive constructions with “for-phrases” and give

equivalents as shown in the examples

Example: It is important for the model to be accurate but simple

enough.

Важно, чтобы модель была точной, но достаточно

простой.

1. For any scientific gathering to be a success, the organizing committee

must be firm on more than one point.

2. For scientific development to be of benefit for man, scientists must study

the problems that have direct bearing on our lives.

3. For an original idea to be a product of one man’s genius is quite natural.

4. For an idea to be transformed into a product, many people’s effort is

required.

5. Some experiments prove that it is physically possible for the ground ice

of Alaska to have been formed by a process of segregation.

PROGRESS TEST

TASK 1: Identify the infinitive and infinitive constructions and translate

the sentences into Russian

1. To understand this phenomenon is to understand the structure of atoms.

2. To understand the phenomenon the laws of motion should be considered.

3. There seems to be some confusion of terms in the paper.

4. In an effort to overcome these difficulties a great deal of experimental

work has been carried out by both researchers and engineers.

5. This method was so accurate as to give reliable results.

6. He was considered to have a strong affinity for both chemistry and

mathematics.

7. It required some more experiments for the scientist to prove the correctness

of the results obtained.

8. There are many examples to illustrate the rule.

9. Science is known to affect the lives of people.

10. The terms to be insisted on are as follows.

TASK 2: While reading papers on the subject of your research, highlight

the infinitive constructions and translate them into Russian.

Unit 3. The Gerund