11 Replace the modals by their equivalents.

a) She can walk very fast. She _____ walk very fast when she was younger.

b) I can meet you. I _____ meet you tomorrow.

c) He must pay a large fine. He _____ pay a large fine a year ago.

d) We must go there right now. We _____ go there in a year.

e) You may not visit him yet. You _____ visit him but you didn’t listen to me.

f) Maggie may eat whatever she wants. Maggie _____ eat whatever she likes after the surgery.

Remember! Для того чтобы подчеркнуть длительность или завершенность действия, выраженного фразой с модальным глаголом, используются так называемые продолженный или завершенный инфинитив. Например: He must be flying over the Atlantic now. (Должно быть он сейчас летит над Атлантикой). We can have done it already. (Мы могли бы это уже сделать).

12 Match the sentences.

a) The computer just crashed.	1) They must have painted it.
b) The cat's sick.	2) They must have gone away.
c) The grass is wet.	3) There must have been a power cut.
d) No one answered the phone.	4) She must have retired.
e) I haven't seen her for ages.	5) It must have eaten something.
f) The station's looking nice.	6) It must have rained.

13 Complete the sentences using must, mustn't, or needn't and the correct verb.

come kill read wake up wear run sunbathe hire give look

a) People _____ elephants or there won't be any left when we are older.

b) Teachers _____ uniforms, but their clothes must be neat and clean.

c) You _____ magazines in a bookshop. You must buy them first.

d) Don't worry. You _____ a car. I'll drive you.

e) You ______ too long! Too much sun is bad for you.

f) If you don't like the singer, you_____. I'll go alone!

g) Hey! You _____ in the school corridor.

h) If you want to see the sunrise, you _____ early.

i) You _____ me the money now. You can pay me later.

j) You _____ before you cross the road.

Take-home assignment

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a) How many ports are there in the USA?

b) What is the name of the biggest airport in Chicago?

c) Are there airports in all American cities?

d) What attracts tourists in New York?

e) What river in mentioned in the text?

f) What makes California one of the most visited states?

g) What are the busiest ports in the US?

h) What is the share of tourism in the US economy?

i) What are the national parks in the USA?

Transportation and tourism in the usa

About 50 ports handle 15 percent of the nation’s freight. The ports at New Orleans, New York, Houston, and Los Angeles see the most traffic. Many freighters and ships on the Mississippi River system enter the Great Lakes by way of the port of Chicago on Lake Michigan. Commercial airlines also carry freight, but most of their customers are passengers.

Airports, which are located near every sizable US city, welcome flights from throughout the country. Regional hubs provide local services, and most of the larger airports handle international traffic. Chicago’s O’Hare is the world’s busiest airport.

Nearly 40 million tourists from all over the world visit the United States every year. These vacations pump $40 billion into the US economy. The largest number of visitors comes from Canada, Mexico and Japan.

World-famous museums, cultural performances and landmarks draw about 17 million people every year to New York – one of the world’s most visited cities. The beaches and warm weather of Florida, California and Hawaii have made these states major US tourism centers for anglers, scuba divers and sunbathers. In California and Florida, amusement parks entertain millions every year.

The rugged terrain of Oregon, Washington, Montana, Idaho and Colorado challenges mountain climbers and hikers. Resorts in the Rocky Mountains and in the Sierra Nevada attract skiers of all skill levels. At national parks such as Yellowstone, Yosemite, Grand Teton, and Grand Canyon, campers enjoy scenic wilderness, some of which have been protected by federal law for more than a century.