8.15. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the gerund or the participle I. Point out their functions.

1. Переводить статьи с английского языка на русский необходимо каждому инженеру.

2. Мое хобби – переводить статьи.

3. Он переводит интересную статью сейчас.

4. Он любит переводить статьи.

5. Я часто читаю статьи о различных способах перевода.

6. Его способ перевода статьи не очень хороший.

7. Человек, переводящий (который переводит) статью, – наш коллега.

8. Прежде чем переводить статью, нужно как следует научиться этому .

9. Переводя статью, студент пользовался словарем.

8.16. Translate the following sentences.

1. The current entering the device is amplified by a secondary-emission multiplier.

2. The signal received by the antenna is transmitted to the radio receiver by some form of balanced line.

3. The modulated radio frequency carrier is fed to the transmitting antenna from which it is radiated.

4. All the systems discussed employed a scanning pattern which was independent on the content of the picture transmitted.

5. The energy required to remove the electron is called the impurity ionization energy.

6. Ordinary computers can remember only the data fed into them on a magnetic tape or disk.

7. The information appears on a television-like screen called computer display.

8. Being electrically neutral an atom must have an equal number of positive and negative charges.

9. Experiments conducted recently have shown that the laser can be used for welding.

10. Having solved many important problems connected with installation of the apparatus we continued our work.

11. Having received the information required they started their research work.

12. Certain materials possess the property of emitting electrons when exposed to light.

13. Scanning is produced by deflecting an electron stream periodically in two perpendicular directions.

14. The problem of turning heat directly into electricity has always attracted the attention of scientists.

15. Biologists are working hard upon the problem of using radiation to change the properties and qualities of plants.

16. The gas of hydrogen is easy for transporting and storing.

17. Reading such books you will improve your knowledge on this speciality.

18. These measures prevent the particles from leaving the interaction zone.

19. Converting heat directly into electricity without using machines is one of the complicated engineering problems.

20. Having stated the laws of gravity Newton was able to explain the structure of the Universe.

21. Being more efficient than human beings computers are used more and more extensively.

22. Having been published in 1687 Newton’s laws of motion are still the basis for research.

23. Our engineers will discuss the methods used and the results obtained.

8.17. Rewrite each of these sentences, as in the model.

Model:

An important function of the operating system is to manage the computer’s resources.

Managing the computer’s resources is an important function of the operating system.

1. One task of the supervisor program is to load into memory nonresident programs as required.

2. The role of the operating system is to communicate directly with the hardware.

3. One of the key functions of the operating system is to establish a user interface.

4. An additional role is to provide services for applications software.

5. Part of the work of mainframe operating systems is to support multiple programs and users.

6. The task in most cases is to facilitate interaction between a single user and a PC.

7. One of the most important functions of a computer is to process large amounts of data quickly.

8. The main reason for installing more memory is to allow the computer to process data faster.