Commonly Used Abbreviations

Adsd (addressed) – адресовано;

adse (addresse) – адресат, отримувач;

ad (advertisement) – рекламне оголошення;

app. (appendix) – додаток;

CEO (chief executive officer) – виконавчий директор;

cf. (confer) – порівняти;

Co. (company) – компанія;

Corp. (corporation) – корпорація;

CV (curriculum vitae) – біографія;

FY (fiscal year) – фінансовий рік;

h.a. (hoc anno) – у поточному році;

id. (idem) – той самий;

i.e. (id est) – тобто;

Inc., inc (incorporated) – зареєстровано як юридична особа (корпорація);

LLC (limited liability company) – компанія з обмеженою відповідальністю;

p.a. (per annum) – за рік;

VAT (value added tax) – ПДВ;

v.s. (vide supra) – див. вище;

vs (versus) – проти;

v.v. (vice versa) – навпаки;

e.g. (exempli gratia) – наприклад;

etc – і так далі.

CONTENT c.

Unit 1 The beginning of the newspaper ……………………………4

Section 1 Listening comprehension. «Be your own investigative journalist» ……………………………………4

Section 2 Reading materials. How people are impacted by different mass media ………………………………………. 5

Unit 1 The topical vocabulary …………………………...… 8

Text A The beginning of the newspaper …………………. 12

Text B The first printed newspapers ………………......…. 17

Text C The predecessors of American press …………..…. 19

Text D The history of the newspaper …………………….. 20

Text E Have you ever faced with difficulties in translating a headline? …………………………………………………. 21

Text F Headlines …………………………………………. 22

Text G Can you write? ………………………………...…. 30

Section 3 Listening comprehension. Olivier, a French university student, talks about learning English and the difficulties he has ………………………………………... 33

Unit 2 The development of press organs ……………………...…. 35

Section 1 Listening comprehension. Paolo talking to his teacher about some techniques to help him assess his progress in learning English ……………………………………..… 35

Section 2 Reading materials ……………………………… 35

Unit 2 The topical vocabulary …………………………… 35

Text A The British press …………………………………. 39

Text B English magazines and journals ………….………. 44

Text C Training of journalists ……………………………. 46

Text D Press in the USA …………………………………. 48

Section 3 Writing. An appraisal of a book or a film …....... 49

Section 4 Listening comprehension. A PR executive talking about her studies and job …………………………………. 53

Unit 3 Press photography …………….…………………………... 54

Section 1 Reading materials ………………………..…….. 54

Unit 3 The topical vocabulary ………………………….… 54

Text A The first stage of the development of press photography ………………………………………………. 57

Text B Portraits in press photography ……………………. 64

Text C From the history of photography ……………….… 65

Text D The development of illustrated magazines …….… 67

Section 2 Writing. Write down a composition (or an article or make a report on the topic that bothers you) using photos (pictures) ……………………………………………...….. 69

Audio scripts …………………………………………………...… 74

Supplement ……………………………………………………..... 85

American slang: commonly used initials ……………….... 85

Commonly used abbreviations ………………………….... 89

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