8. Look at the names of the most important papers and organizations of that time. Translate them into Russian and explain their meaning.
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ORAL LANGUAGE PRACTICE
9. Read and translate the last Charles’s speech. What do you think about it? Was the King right? Discuss it.
'I must tell you that the liberty and freedom [of the people] consists in having of Government, those laws by which their life and their goods may be most their own. It is not for having share in Government, Sir that is nothing pertaining to them. A subject and a sovereign are clean different things. If I would have given way to an arbitrary way, for to have all laws changed according to the Power of the Sword, I needed not to have come here, and therefore I tell you ... that I am the martyr of the people. I go from a corruptible to an incorruptible Crown, where no disturbance can be.'
10. Have a talk based on the text with your groupmates, making use of the following questions:
1) Who was James I? How can you characterize him?
2) Why did James I dispute with the Parliament? What was the main reason?
3) What dynasty was Charles I belonged to?
4) How did he look like? What can you say about his character?
5) What was a key problem for both the early Stuart monarchs?
6) What was Charles’s attitude towards religion?
7) Who did Charles marry? What can you say about this marriage?
8) What tensions were there between Charles and Parliament?
9) What measures made Charles very unpopular?
10) What do you know about The Long Parliament? What did it start with?
11) What was Charles’s reaction to the Parliament’s request to impeach bishops and the Queen?
12) Who was Oliver Cromwell?
13) Why did Charles place himself in the hands of the Scottish Army?
14) Why did the Scots return Charles to the Parliament?
15) What is the Rump Parliament? What is it famous for?
16) What was Charles charged with? Did he plead?
17) When, where and how did he die?
18) What happened after Charles’s death? Who became another monarch?
19) What were the Civil Wars in fact? Name their reasons.
11. A) Read the item given below and supply answers; b) Retell the passage; c) Pick out the unfamiliar terms and study them.
G
uy
Fawkes
(13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606), also known as Guido
Fawkes,
the name he adopted while fighting for the Spanish in the Low
Countries,
belonged to a group of provincial English
Catholics
who planned the failed Gunpowder
Plot
of 1605.
Fawkes was born and educated in York. His father died when Fawkes was eight years old, after which his mother married a recusant Catholic. Fawkes later converted to Catholicism and left for the continent, where he fought in the Eighty Years' War on the side of Catholic Spain against Protestant Dutch reformers. He travelled to Spain to seek support for a Catholic rebellion in England but was unsuccessful. He later met Thomas Wintour, with whom he returned to England.
Wintour introduced Fawkes to Robert Catesby, who planned to assassinate King James I and restore a Catholic monarch to the throne. The plotters secured the lease to an undercroft beneath the House of Lords, and Fawkes was placed in charge of the gunpowder they stockpiled there. Prompted by the receipt of an anonymous letter, the authorities searched Westminster Palace during the early hours of 5 November, and found Fawkes guarding the explosives. Over the next few days, he was questioned and tortured, and eventually he broke. Immediately before his execution on 31 January, Fawkes jumped from the scaffold where he was to be hanged and broke his neck, thus avoiding the agony of the drawing and quartering that followed.
Fawkes became synonymous with the Gunpowder Plot, the failure of which has been commemorated in England since 5 November 1605. His effigy is often burned on a bonfire, commonly accompanied by a firework display. Guy Fawkes Night is not solely a British celebration. The tradition was also established in the British colonies by the early American settlers and actively pursued in the New England States under the name of "Pope Day" as late as the Eighteenth Century. Today, the celebration of Guy Fawkes and his failed plot remains a tradition in such places as Newfoundland (Canada) and some areas of New Zealand, in addition to the British Isles.
Who was Guy Fawkes? What can you say about his life, parents, and religious views?
Who was Robert Catesby
How did the plotters want to kill King James I? Was their attempt successful?
What can you say about Guy Fawkes’ death? How did he die?
What is Guy Fawkes Night? What do people usually do this night?
12. You know that history of any monarch has some dark pages and some remarkable events. What’s your opinion about Charles I and his role in the English history? Give a short summary of the text “James I and Charles I: Father and Son”.