- •Пермский государственный технический университет
- •Учебное пособие
- •Science and technoligy Part a
- •Learn the following words and word-combinations:
- •Science and technoligy
- •Find in the text the English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations:
- •Read the words and expressions and guess what this text is about?
- •A science fiction story
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •What is your opinion about the end of this story? Think over and write down about the fate of the astronauts.
- •Render the contents of the last paragraph into Indirect Speech.
- •The science of chemistry Part a
- •1. Learn the following words and word-combinations:
- •Translate the words without dictionary.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the different meanings of the word "matter":
- •Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •The science of chemistry
- •Translate the words in the brackets into English.
- •Ask questions to the words in bold type:
- •Write a plan in form of questions to the text and retell the text according to it.
- •Translate the text into English.
- •Listen to the communication again and say what ideas absent in the first text it contains.
- •Listen to the talk once again if necessary and answer the following questions. Begin your answer with the given opening phrases: opening phrases
- •Using some chemical terms (see below) complete the following sentences in the short text:
- •Read another text on chemistry and choose the most suitable title out of the given ones:
- •Read the text again and say if the following statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •Read the text once again and entitle its paragraphs.
- •Write out a) key words out of each paragraph; b) the sentences expressing the main idea(s) of each paragraph.
- •Retell the text briefly in your own words making use of the key words and the sentences you've written out.
- •Here are two expressions of the role of chemistry. Do you share them? Express your opinion to each one.
- •History of chemistry Part a
- •Do you know the history of chemistry? Answer the following questions:
- •Read the text on alchemy, compare it with your answers and say what information they have in common and what is different. Share your ideas with your fellow students.
- •Read one more text on the history of chemistry and entitle it.
- •The measurements in chemistry Part a
- •Read the following word combinations.
- •Read the following words, mind the stresses.
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of the word "order".
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following words.
- •Read the text and answer the following questions
- •The measurements in chemistry
- •The Metric System
- •Choose the Russian equivalents from the right column.
- •Open the brackets choosing a suitable word. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Read and retell the text.
- •A comparison of a few points of the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales
- •Translate the text and answer the questions that follow. The Balance
- •Read and retell the text.
- •The general apparatus of inorganic laboratory Part a
- •Learn the following words.
- •Nucleus – nuclei
- •Series – series
- •The general apparatus of inorganic laboratory
- •Fill in the blanks.
- •Describe your chemical laboratory.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of the verb “to have”:
- •Find the sentences in which “to be” is a modal verb:
- •Part b.
- •Listen to the talk again and answer the following questions choosing the correct answer out of the given ones:
- •Listen to the talk once again if necessary and give reasoning to the choice of the answers you've just given by expressing your opinion. The list of expressions comes handy:
- •Read the text without dictionary. Laboratory Rules
- •Notes on the Text
- •Answer the following questions.
- •What rules would you add to the given ones.
- •Complete the following sentences using modal verbs:
- •Read the text and describe the process with the help of the picture. Distillation
- •Read the text and tell about obtaining hydrogen using the picture. Kipp's Apparatus Used for Obtaining Hydrogen
- •Read the text and tell with the help of the figure about laboratory method of obtaining oxygen. Laboratory Method of Obtaining Oxygen
- •Russian Scientists Part a
- •Pronounce the following words:
- •Read the following word combinations:
- •Read the text and guess what scientist this text is about. Notes on the Text
- •Use the Passive Voice according to the model:
- •Find the sentences in which the form with the suffix "-ed" is a part of the passive construction:
- •Prereading Discussion
- •Listen to or look through the following text and find the facts you've not mentioned in the discussion:
- •Look through the text again and find the sentences where the author describes the following facts:
- •Read the text thoroughly with a dictionary and answer the following questions choosing the correct answer out of the given ones:
- •Give Russian equivalents to the following words, word combinations and chemical terms from the text:
- •Match the synonyms in ex. 5 and ex. 6:
- •Find in the text all the sentences containing the sequence of tenses. Translate them into Russian.
- •A) Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Read the following text attentively and choose the most suitable title out of the given ones:
- •Russian achievements in science Part a
- •Translate the following verbs and adjectives, form nouns from them.
- •Read the following words and word-combinations:
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •Russian achievements in science
- •Choose the Russian equivalent from the right column.
- •Translate into Russian
- •Write a plan to the text and retell the text according to the plan. Express your opinion to the following theses:
- •Pronounce the following words:
- •Read the following word combinations:
- •Use the Passive Voice according to the model:
- •Find the sentences in which the form with the suffix "-ed" is a part of the passive construction:
- •Read the text and guess what scientist this text is about?
- •Using the data, make up a story about a great Russian chemist. N.N. Zinin (1812-1880)
- •N.N. Semyonov (1826-1986)
- •Accordiny to these plans prepare the reports about such Russian chemists as a.M. Butlerov, n.N. Beketov, n.D. Zelinsky, s.V. Lebedev, a.E. Favorsky. Additional Texts
- •Experimental Chemistry (1748-1757)
- •Text II Great English Scientist in physics and analytical chemistry
- •Faraday
- •Чтение химических формул
- •Сокращения, принятые в химической литературе
- •Список химических элементов
- •Rendering the text
- •Список литературы
Translate the words in the brackets into English.
1. Chemistry is the science which (рассматривает) materials and their properties. 2. The connection of chemistry with energy (связана с изменениями энергии) that accompany chemical transformations of matter. 3. All changes of one kind of matter into another (сопровождаются) by the absorption or liberation of energy. 4. Physical chemistry (рассматривает) those parts of chemistry (которые тесно связаны с физикой). 5. This scientist (внес большой вклад) both in chemistry and physics. 6. All his life he worked in the field of chemistry, and we can say that he (посвятил) his life to science. 7. All the changes which (сопровождали) this reaction play a very important role. 8. Later Lavoisier (ввел) the concept of the chemical elements. 9. This article (касается) the development of our industry.
Ask questions to the words in bold type:
1. Chemistry is linked with biology. 2. Chemistry is concerned with different forms of matter. 3. Now there are more than 30 different branches of chemistry. 4. Substances may be obtained directly or indirectly from minerals, ores and other sources. 5. In 1869 D.I. Mendeleyev discovered regularities in the properties of the elements. 6. Many great Russian chemists made a great contribution to world science. 8. Rapid development of chemical industry will help to understand many new phenomena.
Write a plan in form of questions to the text and retell the text according to it.
Translate the text into English.
Наука химия имеет дело со свойствами, составом и структурой веществ (material), из которых состоит наш мир, изменениями, при которых эти вещества превращаются в другие вещества, и с сопровождающими их энергетическими изменениями. Химия имеет отношение к различным формам материи. Материя существует как твердые вещества, жидкости или газы. Соединение - это вещество, которое может быть разложено на два или более веществ. Химические реакции - это процессы, которые превращают вещества в другие вещества.
Part B
Listen to a short communication given by a university professor. Make notes. After that ask questions to clarify the points of the lecture you don't understand. The expressions of clarification and the strategy of asking questions come handy. You are also given notes and words to understand the communication better.
CLARIFICATION
I'm afraid it's not quite clear what you mean by...
I'm sorry I didn't quite follow what you said about...
I'm afraid I don't understand what... mean(s).
When you say..., do you mean that...?
ASKING QUESTIONS
I'd like to know what/when/why/how/who/if...
Could you tell me what/when/why/how/who/if...?
I wonder what/when/why/how/who/if...
Would you tell me what/when/why/how/who/if...?
It's interesting to know (to find out) what/when/why/how/who/if...
NOTES
1. most of the elements — большая часть элементов
2. breaking down — разложение
3. it's taken for granted — принимается как должное
WORDS
to accompany — сопровождать
behaviour — поведение
density — плотность
determination —- определение
drug — лекарство
dye — краситель
hardness — твердость, жесткость
insecticide — средство от насекомых
liberation — высвобождение
paint — краска
smell — запах
solubility — растворимость
(J. В.) Ladies and gentlemen! Let me begin by introducing myself. I'm John Brown, and I'm going to teach you chemistry during the first semester. The purpose of today's lecture is to provide an introduction to chemistry. As you probably know, chemistry is an experimental and theoretical science, studying the composition of matter and the changes that take place in it. Let me remind you that chemical changes involve changes in composition of matter, accompanied by energy changes. Physical changes involve changes in the position, location, or size of matter without any alteration in its composition. Energy changes may be explained as the liberation or absorption of energy in the form of light, heat, or electricity. Another thing to remember is that all forms of matter, and we'll discuss it in detail in other lectures, consist of either pure substances or mixtures of two or more substances.
Right? What are the building blocks of matter?... Yes, they are elements. And compounds are combinations of elements. Most of the elements are metals and most of them unite with other elements and form compounds. Now, the formation of a compound from simpler substances is known as synthesis. Another process, analysis, is breaking down a compound into simpler substances or elements, and in this way determining its composition. Remember, please, that the composition of a pure substance never changes.
Furthermore, every substance has physical and chemical properties. Physical properties include... what do they include?
(STUDENT) Oh... colour, smell... well, what else?... solubility, density ah... probably hardness... oh, yes and boiling and melting points.
(J. В.) Right. They include colour, smell, solubility, density, hardness, and boiling and melting points. As for chemical properties, they include the behaviour with other materials. Now, a few words about matter. It exists in three states. What are they?
(STUDENT) Ah... solid, liquid, oh, yes, and gas, gaseous state.
(J. В.) Quite true. The solid, the liquid, and the gaseous state. Usually a substance can be transformed from one state to another under the changes of its... what?
(STUDENT) Temperature.
(J. В.) Yes, temperature. Let me conclude by saying that chemistry is so much a part of our lives that it's very easily taken for granted. Metals, glass, plastics, dyes, paints, drugs, insecticides, plants, paper and a lot more are made of chemicals. Now, do you have any questions? Is everything clear?