Методичка по английскому языку для ИТС (пр. С.С.Иванов)

Способы перевода герундия на русский язык

Table 3

Герундий в функции обстоятельства употребляется с предлогами in, on, upon, after, with(out), by.

Предлог in означает процесс в его развернутости

In making such experiments...

Производя опты …

Предлог on - завершѐнность процесса.

On making the experiment...

Закончив эксперимент …

Ex. I. Read and translate

No changes can be made in that branch of industry without introducing the most up-to-date technology.

There is no hope of our getting a complete analysis of the measurements within 10 days.

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Before going further it is desirable to outline some of the basic features of control system.

Upon breaking the magnet into still shorter pieces we still get complete magnets.

Breaking the circuit causes sparking.

We were informed of their having adopted this plan because of its being the most efficient.

Being highly accurate the meter is of great importance for getting the necessary data.

In considering power in electrical circuit one should remember of all electrical devices having resistance.

Ex. II. Define the function of the ―-ing‖ forms and translate the sentences

On melting a solid body a change of state takes place.

The new equipment must go through a number of tests after its being completed.

Turbines drive about 95% of all generators producing electrical power.

After reaching the boiling point the water temperature cannot be increased in spite of our adding more heat.

Being highly accurate the meter is of great importance for getting the necessary data.

The ―active medium‖ of the material responsible for transferring energy is the free electron.

Faraday‘s discovery being very important, every application of electricity in modern life depends upon it.

There are many kinds of vacuum tubes now in use, the simplest being the diode.

Being tested this device showed the desired results.

A certain amount of work is necessary for moving an electron in a metal from the Fermi level to ―infinity‖.

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Информационная программа №8. Условные предложения

I. РЕАЛЬНО: If I have time I shall carry out this experiment.

Если бы вы предупредили меня заранее, я бы провел этот эксперимент.

* В придаточных предложениях условия и времени будущее время не используется.

Кроме "if" могут использоваться союзы:

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unless - если...не

in case - в случае, если

provided (that) - при условии, если /что/ on condition (that) - -//- -//- -//-

even though - даже если

supposeпредположим, что; предполагая, что supposing

Ex. I. Translate the following sentences

1.If they could solve this problem themselves they would not ask you to help them.

2.Had he taken into account the properties of the substance under investigation he would have been careful when working with it.

3.If one knew the dimensions of the body one would easily calculate its volume.

4.Should the anode grow too hot you must decrease the power of the transmitter.

5.Magnetism is very often treated as if it were a subject as fundamental as electricity.

6.It would be worth while investigating the substance mentioned, provided we could get it in sufficient quantity.

7.If we had a really pure insulator it could not be heated.

8.Had this warning been taken into account the reaction might have taken quite a different turn.

9.Provided one knows the rate of the emission one can determine the range of the particles.

10.But for the luminosity of this substance it would be difficult to detect its properties.

11.Unless the cathode С is water-cooled it will overheat and emit

gases.

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12.If a compass needle were sensitive enough it would swing back and forth as the waves went on.

13.Had it not been for a large size of this body we should have already weighed it.

14.The volume of nitrogen was more than sixteen times what it would have been if it had behaved as an ideal gas.

Note: существительное, к которому относится артикль, является опорным в этой цепочке. С него рекомендуется начинать перевод цепочки определений: проблема вычисления скорости (движения) автомобиля.

the magnetic field intensity - напряженность магнитного поля

the cylinder wall - стенка цилиндра

Ex. I. Read and translate the following word combinations

noise generator

radiowave radiation

wave intensity

transmission line

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wave power

frequency transformation

false-alarm probability

spectral line shape

power consumption change

error-operated system

долженствования 2 л. и 3 л утвердит, и

отрицат. пр-е

Ex. I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the polysemy of the words "one (ones), that (those), it"

1.The scientists answered that they were going to find a new way of getting valuable information

2.One should be careful when carrying out an experiment.

3.This apparatus is more powerful than the one installed in our laboratory.

4.It was in the field of radiowaves and electronics that the development of physics ran parallel with that of industry.

5.All bodies consist of molecules and those of atoms.

6.That the existence of free electrons in metals is as important as that in oxides is a well-known fact.

7.It is important that the test be repeated.

8.It is the voltmeter that is an instrument to be used for measuring the potential difference between any two points in a circuit

9.When the electron is by any means torn away from the hydrogen atom, the nucleus alone remains with a single positive charge of electricity on it.

10.One should know that the weight of an oxygen atom is 16 times that of a hydrogen atom.

11.When a ray of any kind strikes an atom it may knock an electron out of the atom.

12.When water falls from a great distance its energy is known to change from potential to kinetic.

13.In any clement whether it is copper or gold electrons are always in

motion.

II. Translate the following sentences paying attention to different functions of the verbs "should and would".

1. It is essential that we should first consider carefully the actual observations which have led to the new points of view.

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