Алексеева_Л_М___Шайдуллина_А_Р_«Английский_язык»_Часть_III__Методические_указания_по_провед
.PDFПЗ-10
Тема: Буровые вышки и оборудование буровых скважин.
Учебные цели: практика чтения и устной речи по теме, формирование лексического минимума; активизация знаний об инфинитиве и его формах в
Active Voice и Passive Voice.
|
1. |
Грамматический материал, подлежащий усвоению |
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
Формы инфинитива |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
Form |
Active |
|
|
Passive |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
Indefinite |
to send |
|
|
|
|
to be sent |
|
АГНИ |
|||
|
|
|
Continuous |
to be sending |
|
|
|
ка |
||||||
|
|
|
Perfect |
to have sent |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
to have been sent |
||||||||||
|
|
|
Perfect |
to have been sending |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
Continuous |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Примечание. Отрицательная частица not ставится передеинфинитивом: not to |
||||||||||||
ask, not to be asked и т.д. |
|
|
|
|
|
о |
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
и |
т |
|
|
|
||||||
|
2. |
Применение грамматических знаний |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
2.1. Запомните случаи разных форм блнфинитива и составьте аналогичные |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
и |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
предложения |
|
б |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
1) I’m always glad to write letters. (The Indefinite Infinitive Active) |
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
ая |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Писать письма - для меня всегда радость. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
2) I’m always glad to be written letters. (The Indefinite Infinitive Passive) |
|||||||||||||
|
Я всегда рада, когда м е пишут письма. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
3) I’m glad to be writing a new letter now. (The Continuous Infinitive) |
|||||||||||||
|
4) I’m glad to haveннbeen writing letters to my friends for two years. (The Perfect |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
ро |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuous Infinitive) Я рада, что переписываюсь с друзьями два года. |
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
кт |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5) I’m glad to have written this letter (yesterday). (The Perfect Infinitive Active) |
|||||||||||||
|
Я рада, ч о написала это письмо (вчера). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
е |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
6) I’m glad to have been written this letter. (The Perfect Infinitive Passive) |
|||||||||||||
л |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Э |
Я рада, что мне написали это письмо. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2. Определите форму инфинитива:
to be mentioned; to have known; to have been dealt; to be shouting; to smile; to be dancing
2.3. Поставьте инфинитив в форму Perfect Infinitive Active: to stay; to have; to continue; to see; to dye; to stop
41
2.4. Поставьте инфинитив в форму Continuous Infinitive Active: to run; to study; to swim; to look for
2.5. Поставьте инфинитив в форму Perfect Passive и Infinitive Passive: to give; to buy; to bring; to take care of; to ring
2.6. Используйте данные инфинитивные фразы в качестве определения и переведите:
to be done; to be answered; to answer; to be erected; to read
АГНИ
1)The monument . . . on this square will add beauty to the place.
2)Have you got anything . . . ?
3)Packing was the first thing . . . .
4)There are the questions . . . .
2.7Найдите все случаи инфинитива в приведенном вышеетексте.т
|
3. Чтение и устная речь |
о |
|
|
|
|
и |
|
3.1. Текст для чтения, перевода и формирования лексического минимума по |
||
теме. |
|
DRILLING блEQUIPMENT |
|
|
|
|
и |
|
|
|
Part 1. |
|
Drilling Equipment refers toбthe components and ingredients that are |
||
used for the purpose of Drilling oil. It is the job of geologists to locate oil |
|||
with the help of necessary Equipment that are used in an oil trap. The task |
|||
of the geologists is to locateаяa Drilling resource such as the right kind of |
|||
rock, entrapment or reservoir rock. |
|||
|
Drilling rigs areннused for the extraction of oil. According to the modern |
||
oil geologists, they can now examine the terrain and the surface rocks with |
|||
the help of satellite images. |
|
||
|
|
ро |
|
|
Drilling Equipment of other types is also used for finding and locating |
||
the oil.ктThey are used with the help of sensitive gravity meters that can |
|||
|
е |
|
|
detect the tiniest of changes in the Drilling according to the gravitational |
|||
лpull of the earth. Equipment like this helps in the flow of the oil, and |
|||
changes in the magnetic field of the earth (resulted by the oil flow) that can |
|||
Э |
|
|
|
be detected by the sensitive magnetometers.
In the end, it can be said that the Drilling parts make use of seismology by the creation of shock waves which can pass through hidden rock layers
42
and making sense of the series of waves which are reflected to the surface of the earth.
The major parts of the Equipment for Drilling are the following: crown and crown block situated at the apex of the rig, traveling block, draw works, sand pipe, engine, fuel or water tanks, swivel, rotary hose, turn
table, pipe rack, conductor pipe, bore hole, bit, drill pipe, mud pit and mud |
|
pump. |
АГНИ |
|
|
|
|
нн |
ая |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ро |
|
|
|
кт |
|
|
|
е |
|
|
|
л |
|
|
|
|
Э |
|
|
|
|
Drilling parts need to be moved to the locations in trucks which are specially provided for the purpose. The Drilling Equipment comprises of the mast or derrick that is hauled over the sub structure and other
Equipment such as the engines, pumps, and the hoisting and rotating Equipment that are aligned together and connected. Drilling constituents like the drill collars and drill pipe are stretched out on the racks. The parts of the rig are laid out for the people to hoist them up when they are required. The components are connected to the drill bit or are attached to the string for Drilling purposes.
4. Задания для СРС |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
АГНИ |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
4.1. Переведите предложения с использованием инфинитива в страдательном |
||||||||||||
залоге. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ка |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
е |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
т |
|
|
|
The procedure to be followed depends upon the substance. |
|
|
||||||||||
2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
о |
|
|
|
|
Here are some more figures to be referred to later. |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
3) |
There was only one signal to be detected. |
и |
|
|
|
|
||||||
4) |
There is nothing to be surprised at. |
бл |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
5) |
Here are the papers to be signed. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
6) |
Laws were not made to be broken. |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
7) |
|
|
|
|
и |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
А great progress in chemistry has been made in the last few decades. |
||||||||||||
8) |
The terms to be insisted on areбas follows. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
9) |
The lecture to be attended by the delegation will take place in the main hall. |
|||||||||||
10) |
To understand the phenomenon the laws of motion should be considered. |
|||||||||||
11) |
Molecules are too small to be seen even with the most powerful microscope. |
|||||||||||
12) |
|
|
|
ая |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We observed the evaporation of water, a phenomenon to be more fully described |
||||||||||||
13) |
later. |
|
нн |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
X-ray analysis is to be applied to the study of this material. |
|
|
||||||||||
14) |
Some problems of science could not have been solved without isotopes. |
|||||||||||
15) |
The type of catalyst to be used affects the design and operation of regeneration |
|||||||||||
|
|
ро |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
equipment. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16) |
Electrons can be made to travel at very high speeds. |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
кт |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17)еTo shorten the experiment, it is suggested that only logarithmic plots for each |
||||||||||||
л |
point be made and the approximate space potentials be determined. |
|
||||||||||
Let me now explain the way in which a wave is to be imagined. |
|
|||||||||||
18) |
|
|||||||||||
Э |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.2. Прочтите текст, переведите, изложите описываемый процесс и опишите оборудование на английском языке.
44
DRILLING EQUIPMENT
Part 2.
Oil Drilling is a procedure that requires expert usage of the Equipment by the members of the crew. The crew drills a hole from the starter and drills a hole from the depth that is preset for Drilling. The Drilling of oil
with the help of oil Equipment that is a process involves a number of steps. |
|
Some of them are: |
АГНИ |
|
¾ The Drilling bit is placed in the hole along with the collar and Drilling pipe
¾ The turn table and the Kelly are attached for Drilling with the
Equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
¾ The oil Equipment helps circulate the mud through the pipe and out of |
|||||
the bit for floating the rock cuttings outside the hole |
|
|
|||
¾ New sections or joints in Drilling are added in the pipes as the hole gets |
|||||
deeper |
|
|
|
|
ка |
|
|
|
е |
||
|
|
|
|
||
¾ The pipe is removed or tripped out along with the other Equipment like |
|||||
|
|
|
т |
|
|
the bit and the collar once the preset depth is attained any where from |
|||||
several hundred to a couple of thousand feet |
о |
|
|
||
|
и |
|
|
|
|
The oil parts must operate and cement the casing when the pre fixed |
depth is reached. The Drilling gearиблmust be placed on the casing pipe sections into the hole for preventing the Equipment from collapsing on itself. The exterior of the casingбpipe has spacers for focusing on the hole. The casing crew inserts the Equipment like the casing pipe in the hole. The casing pipe is pumped аяdown by the cement crew with the help of a top plug, cement slurry, and drill mud. Pressure from the Drilling mud causes the cement slurry to move through the casing to fill in the space between the outside of the hole.
The Drilling Equipment allows the cement to harden and once it is done, |
|
|
нн |
it is tested for various kinds of properties such as alignment, rigidity and |
|
the right kind of seal. The oil drill is prepared by first determining the site |
|
|
ро |
which must be then surveyed for checking out the boundaries for Drilling. |
|
After theктsettlement of the legal formalities, the crew moves ahead with the |
|
Equipmentе |
for preparing the land. The land is cleared and leveled for the |
лprocess to take place. Since water is an important constituent, there must be |
|
a water body or source of water in the vicinity. If there is none, a well is |
|
Э |
|
drilled.
A reserve pit is dug for the oil drilling purposes for the disposal of the rock cuttings and Drilling of mud for bordering it with plastic for ensuring the protection of the environment.
45
ПЗ-11
Тема: Буровые вышки и оборудование буровых скважин.
Учебные цели: практика чтения специальных технических текстов и устной речи по теме , определение особенностей перевода отдельных фраз; составление делового письма по заданной информации; активизация знаний о составных глаголах-сказуемых с инфинитивом.
|
|
1. |
Грамматический материал, подлежащий усвоению |
АГНИ |
|||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
ЧАСТЬ СОСТАВНОГО ГЛАГОЛЬНОГО СКАЗУЕМОГО |
|
|
|||||
|
|
Инфинитив употребляется как часть составного глагольного сказуемого с |
|||||||||
|
модальными глаголами, причем: |
|
|
|
ка |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Без частицы to с большинством модальных глаголов: can, must, may might, |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
е |
|
|
|
|
could, would, should (и их отрицательных форм cannot = can’t, must not = mustn't, |
|
|||||||||
|
и т. д.) |
|
|
|
|
т |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
We can start our new experiment. |
Мы можем нача ь наш новый |
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
эксперимент. |
|
|
|
|
|
We must change the equipment. |
|
Мы должны сменитьо |
оборудование. |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
бл |
|
|
|
|
|
You may rewrite the report. |
|
Вы до жныипереписать отчет. |
|
|||||||
|
We should not leave the well. |
|
Нам не следует покидать скважину. |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
и |
|
|
|
|
|
С частицей to после ought (to) – должен, следует |
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
You ought to call him. |
|
|
Тебе следует позвонить ему. |
|
|||||
|
|
She ought to be told about it. |
б Ей следует сказать об этом. |
|
|||||||
|
(Passive) |
|
ая |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
и после вспомогательных гл голов в роли модальных: to be (to) –см. |
|
|||||||||
|
примечание выше, и to have (to) в значении должен |
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
I am to meet him here. |
|
|
Я должен встретить его здесь. |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
ро |
|
|
Самолет должен прибыть в 3 часа. |
|
|||
|
|
The crew is to arrive at 3 o'clock. |
|
||||||||
|
|
He has to go there.нн |
|
|
Он должен поехать туда. |
|
|
||||
|
|
You don’t have to do it. |
|
|
Вы не обязаны делать это. |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
кт |
|
|
Письмо должно быть написано |
|
||||
|
|
The letter has to be written at |
|
|
|||||||
|
|
е |
|
|
|
немедленно. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
once. (Passive) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
л |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Э |
2. |
Применение грамматических знаний |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.1 Переведите, обращая внимание на время глагола-связки to be.
1) Our aim was to include all pertinent information that came to our attention.
2) A first step in stylistic analysis will be to observe such deviations as the repetitions of sounds, the inversion of word order and some others.
46
3)My concern here has been to show that a significant difference separates these two types of methods.
4)The object of this little book is to explain by examples how the different parts of speech are used and to show from their uses how they should be defined.
5)The method of reading was, according to N., to read one row from left to right, then come hack reading the next from right to left.
6)In so far as a foreign language coincides with the native tongue, to studyАГНИone is to study another.
2.2.Переведите, обращая внимание на модальные или близкие им по значению глаголы, а также на форму инфинитива.
1)The conference was to take place in London.
2)You will have to overcome many difficulties in your work.
3)Your friend may not know that we are here.
4)You ought to know this author. е
5)Tell him he need not be in a hurry.
6)You must have heard of him. He is one of the best scientists in Canada.
7)We are obliged to let him know about it.
8)He must have forgotten my address. ио
3. Чтение и устная речь |
|
|
бл |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
лексического минимума по |
|
3.1. Текст для чтения, перевода и формированияи |
|||||||
теме. |
|
|
|
|
б |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MOBILE DRILLING RIGS |
|||
Drilling rigs can be described using any of the following attributes: |
|||||||
|
|
|
ая |
By power used |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Mechanical — the rig uses torque converters, clutches, and transmissions |
|||||||
powered by its own engines, often diesel |
|
||||||
|
|
нн |
|
|
|
|
|
Electric — the major items of machinery are driven by electric motors, |
|||||||
usually with power generated on-site using internal combustion engines |
|||||||
|
|
ро |
|
|
|
|
|
Hydraulic — the rig primarily uses hydraulic power |
|||||||
Pneumatic — the rig is primarily powered by pressurized air |
|||||||
|
кт |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steamе |
— the rig uses steam-powered engines and pumps (obsolete after |
||||||
middle of 20th Century) |
|
|
|
|
|||
л |
|
|
|
|
By pipe used |
|
|
Э Cable — a cable is used to raise and drop the drill bit |
Conventional — uses metal or plastic drill pipe of varying types Coil tubing — uses a giant coil of tube and a downhole drilling motor
47
By height
(Rigs are differentiated by height based on how many connected pipe they are able to "stand" in the derrick when needing to temporarily remove the drill pipe from the hole. Typically this is done when changing a drill bit
or when "logging" the well.) |
|
Single — can pull only single drill pipes. The presence or absence of |
|
vertical pipe racking "fingers" varies from rig to rig. |
АГНИ |
|
Double — can hold a stand of pipe in the derrick consisting of two connected drill pipes, called a "double stand".
Triple — can hold a stand of pipe in the derrick consisting of three
connected drill pipes, called a "triple stand". |
|
|
|
ка |
|
Quadri — can store stand of pipe in the derrick composed of four |
|||||
connected drill pipes, called a "quadri stand". |
|
|
е |
||
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
т |
|
|
By method of rotation or drilling method |
|||||
|
|
о |
|
|
|
No-rotation includes direct push rigs and most service rigs |
|||||
|
и |
|
|
|
|
Rotary table — rotation is achieved by turning a square or hexagonal pipe |
|||||
(the "Kelly") at drill floor level. |
|
|
|
|
|
Top drive — rotation and circulation is done at the top of the drill string, |
on a motor that moves in a track along the derrick. |
|||
Sonic — uses primarily vibratory energyблto advance the drill string |
|||
|
|
|
б |
Hammer — uses rotation and percussiveи force |
|||
|
|
|
By position of derrick |
Conventional — derrick is vertical |
|||
|
|
нн |
|
Slant — derrick is slantedаяat a 45 degree angle to facilitate horizontal |
|||
drilling |
ро |
|
Drill types |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
There are a variety of drill mechanisms which can be used to sink a |
borehole into the ground. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, in |
|
terms of the depth to which it can drill, the type of sample returned, the |
|
costs involvedкт |
and penetration rates achieved. There are two basic types of |
drills:еdrills which produce rock chips, and drills which produce core |
|
Э |
|
лsamples. |
|
4. Задания для СРС
4.1 Информация для самостоятельного изучения.
48
ДЕЛОВЫЕ ПИСЬМА НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ Как правило, они состоят из следующих разделов:
1) Заголовок. Он, содержит адрес возврата (обычно две или три строки). С указанием даты в последней строке. Часто пропускается строки между адресом и датой.
2) Адрес, на который вы посылаете письмо.
3) Приветствие. Приветствие в деловом письме всегда формальное. Dear Sir or Madam
To Whom It May Concern - (very formal as you do not know the person to whom you are writing)
Деловая часть письма записывается в виде текста. Деловое письмо не
должно быть рукописным. В зависимости от стиля письма должен быть отступ. |
|
With reference to your advertisement (ad) in... |
АГНИ |
4)Просьбы выслать: After the reference, add a comma andеcontinue - ... , would (Could) you please send me ...
5)Запрос информации: I would also like to know ...
Could you tell me whether ...
6)Строка подписи. Пропустить две строки (ес и у вас необычайно широкие
или узкие линии) и впечатать своё имя, которое будет подписано. Подпись должна быть написана синими илиичерными чернилами. Деловые письма не должны содержать приписки.
Yours faithfully - (very formal as you do not know the person to whom you are writing) бRegarding your advertisement (ad) in ... ка
4.2.Изучите информ цию в дополнительных источниках, например: http://esl.aboutнн.com/cs/englishworkplace/ht/ht_bletter.htm http://www.englishclub.com/business-english/
4.3.Прочтитерои переведите письмо-запрос.кт ая
Olympia,еWA 98501
лSeptember 12, 2000
ЭJackson Brothers
3487 23rd Street
New York, NY 12009
To Whom It May Concern:
With reference to your advertisement in yesterday's New York Times, could you please send me a copy of your latest catalog. I would also like to know if it is possible to make purchases online.
49
Yours faithfully (Signature) Kenneth Beare
Administrative Director English Learners & Company
4.4. Изучите шаблон письма-жалобы и составьте аналогичное.
[Your Address]
[Your City, State, ZIP]
(Your e-mail address, if sending via e-mail)
Date
[Name of Contact Person] (if available) |
|
|
|
ка |
АГНИ |
[Title] (if available) |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
[Company Name] |
|
|
|
|
|
[Consumer Complaint Division] (if you have no specific contact) |
|
|
|||
[Street Address] |
|
|
|
|
|
[City, State, ZIP Code] |
|
|
е |
|
|
Dear [Contact Person]: |
|
т |
|
|
|
о |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
Re: (account number, if applicable) |
и |
|
|
|
|
On [date], I [bought, leased, rented, or had repaired] a [name of the product, with serial or |
||
model number, or service performed] at [location, date, and other important details of the |
||
transaction]. |
бл |
|
и |
||
|
||
Unfortunately, your product [or service]бhas not performed well [or the service was |
||
inadequate] because [state the problem]. I am disappointed because [explain the |
problem: for example, the product does not work properly; the service was not performed |
|
correctly; I was billed the wrong amount; something was not disclosed clearly or was |
|
misrepresented; etc.]. |
ая |
To resolve theроproblem,ннI would appreciate your [state the specific action you want: money refunded, charge card credit, repair, exchange, etc.]. Enclosed are copies (do not send originals) of my records [include receipts, guarantees, warranties, canceled checks, contracts,ктmodel and serial numbers, and any other documents].
I lookеforward to your reply and a resolution to my problem and will wait until [set a
лtime limit] before seeking help from a consumer protection agency or the Better Business Bureau. Please contact me at the above address or by phone at [home and/or office
Эnumbers with area code]. Sincerely,
Your name
Enclosure(s)
50