Апраксина_Н_Д_«Английский_язык»_Часть_I__Методические_указания_по_проведен

state departments of environmental protection.

ка

The EPA has drafted "Seven Priorities for EPA’s Future" whichАГНИare the

following:

"Taking Action on Climate Change"

е

∙

т

∙

"Improving Air Quality"

∙

"Assuring the Safety of Chemicals"

∙

"Cleaning Up Our Communities"

о

∙

"Protecting America’s Waters"

∙

"Expanding the Conversation иon Environmentalism and Working

for Environmental Justice"

∙

"Building Strong State and Tribal Partnerships"

б

-ty, -ment.

2. Выпишите из текста слова с суффиксомбл

Задания к самостоятельной ира оте студентов

1. Прочтите текст и подготовьте интервью (диалог) по теме «Защита

окружающей среды».

ая

нн

Greenhouse effect

The greenhouse effect is the process in which the emission of infrared radiation

by the atmosphere warms a planet's surface. The name comes from an analogy with

ро

the warming of air inside a greenhouse compared to the air outside the greenhouse.

The Earth's average surface temperature is about 33°C warmer than it would be

кт

without the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect was discovered by Joseph

Fourier in 1829 and first investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. In

е

addition to the Earth, Mars and especially Venus have greenhouse effects.

Emission

of infrared radiation –

распространение (выделение)

Э

инфракрасного излучения (радиации).

л 2. Образуйте существительные с помощью суффиксов: -ty, - ment.

make.

3. Упражнения для самостоятельной работы студентов, см. учебное

пособие:

Лябипова А.М., Алексеева Л.М., Фасхутдинова Р.М. Тексты для чтения

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык», 2007. –с.84-85.

Вопросы для самоконтроля

1. Префиксальное и аффиксальное словообразование: суффиксы -ty, -

ment, -ous; префиксы dis-, re-.

ка

2. Сообщение

по

теме «Глобальные проблемы

человечестваАГНИ:

«Экологические проблемы больших городов».

е

т

Практическое занятие 10. Источники энергии: эл ктричество

Цель:

о

Тренировать лексический минимум по теме, ознакомить с

грамматической темой: времена группы Perfect Active, практиковать чтение с

полным пониманием содержания текста.

и

Учебный материал

и

1. Прочтите текст, перевед те ответьте на вопросы:

Can energy be created?

бл

What do we use chemical energy for?

Do you know any examples бof potential energy?

ая

Does a jumping boll have kinetic energy?

Can you feel sound energy?

What things have electrical energy?

Where can we notice heat energy?

ро

нн

Sources of Energy

We need energy to do a lot of things. Without it the world would be very

кт

different. There would be no cars, no computers, no TV, no mobile phones, in fact

you wouldn't recognize the world at all. Energy cannot be created, all the energy in

е

the universe is already in existence in one form or another. We turn this potential

л

energy into another form which we can use to power different things like our TV or a

Э

car. The way that energy is stored or released can be divided into different types.

Each type of energy can be converted into another type in some way.

The different types of energy are the following:

- Chemical Energy is stored inside a fuel, e.g. Petroleum, Food. The Petroleum

is burned to fuel a car or a power station, food is used in the body to power the

different biological processes.

- Potential Energy is produced due to the existence of a possible change to

lower energy state. This

is

more

easily described by examples,

water in a high

energy).

- Electrical Energy is produced due to the movement of electrons from a point

of high potential to that of low potential, e.g. a battery.

- Heat Energy is produced due to the movement of particles in the substance,

e.g. water molecules moving around in boiling water.

2. Переведите выражения:

ка

узнать (понять), вселенная, существовать, снабжать силовымАГНИдвигателем,

сохранять, освобождать, превращать, биологические

процессы, снизить,

е

сжатие, разряжение, частица, вещество, благодаря чему-то.

т

3. Прочтите о временах группы Perfect Active в уч бнике английского

языка И.В. Орловской на стр. 296-298 и вып лни е упражнения на стр. 42-

43.

Задания к самостоятельной работе студентово

1. Прочтите текст и задайте 7

ивопросов

(полное понимание

содержание текста).

б

RenewableблEnergy

This is the way of the future if иwe wish to continue with our electric powered

lives. They don't run out and they don't pollute the environment. The main types of

ая

renewable energy are the following:

- Wind Power - Wind turns a turbine attached to a dynamo which produces

electrical energy.

нн

- Solar Power - Light from the sun excites chemicals in a panel which produces

the electrical energy.

ро

- Solar Heat Energy - Heat from the sun can be used to heat water in a tank on

your roof, to provide hot water for your house.

кт

- Water Power - Turbines in damns or rivers get turned by the force of the

water, powering a dynamo which produces electrical energy.

е

- Tidal Power - The power of the waves can be harnessed to produce

electricity.

Э

- Geothermal Power - The heat from deep inside the earth, can be used the

лsame way fossil fuels are used to heat water in a regular power station.

2. Расскажите о возобновляемой энергии.

Вопросы для самоконтроля

1. Времена группы Perfect Active

ка

2. Сообщение по теме «Источник энергии - электричество». АГНИ

е

Практическое занятие 11. Источники энергии: н фть и газ

Цель:

т

о

Тренировать лексический минимум по теме, ф рмировать навыки устной

речи (диалог – обмен мнениями о достоинствах и недостатках электрической

энергии),

ознакомить

с грамматической темой:

согласование времен,

бл

дополнение, дополнительные придаточные предиожения.

Учебный материал

1. Прочтите текст и обменяйтесь мнениями о невозобновляемых

источниках.

Non-иrenewable Sources

Non-renewable energy sourcesбget used up as they get converted into useable

ая

energy in power stations. They are not completely non-renewable, as if you could

manage to wait a few million years then eventually they could be replenished. The

prime examples of this type of source are: coal, oil and gas, also called fossil fuels

(they

were produced from the decaying matter of past creatures). These fuels

ро

possessing "chemical energy" are burned in power stations. The "heat energy"

produced is used toннheat large tanks of water, which then produce steam. The steam

rotates a turbine, "kinetic energy" which has a set of large magnets attached to it. The

кт

rotating magnets generate "electrical energy" in coil which can then be used for all

your electric needs.

е

л

These fuels are also used to produce heat in your home, in fires, boilers and for

cooking food in your kitchen. They are used in vehicles in the form of petroleum,

Э

or

LPG. All

these

processes involve "chemical

energy" converting into a

diesel

Current Sources of Energy

АГНИ

At the beginning of the twenty-first century fossil fuels (fuels formed over

According

to the U.S. Department

of

Energy and

the Environmental Protection

ка

Agency such combustion pumped almost 2.5 billion tons (2.3 billion metric tons) of

carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in 1999. Over the last 150 years some 270 billion

tons (245 billion metric tons) of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide have been

released into the air as a result of burning fossil fuels.

2. Прочтите и переведите текст о нефти и природноме

газе в учебном

о

пособии: Фатхуллина Р.А., Хусаинова Р.Р., АлексееватЛ.М. Английский язык в

нефтегазовой

промышленности:

и

Учебно-методическое пособие для

бл

организации и проведения самостоятельной работы. – Альметьевск: АГНИ,

2008. – 84 с.

Вопросы для самоконтроля

и

1. Согласование времен.

б

2. Дополнение. Дополнительные пр даточные предложения.

3. Сообщение по теме «Источники энергии: нефть и газ».

Цель:

ая

Практическое з нятие 12. Источники энергии

нн

Тренировать лексический минимум по теме, формировать навыки устной

речи (монол г-

писа ие по теме), провести тестирование – ДМ 2.1

Учебный материал

1.

П очтите текст и

расскажите о

почти возобновляемых

кт

источникахро.

е

Nearly Renewable Energy

л

We call these sources nearly renewable as they do run out, but they can be

Э

последствия, meltdown – растворять, расплавлять.

ка

АГНИ

2.

Подготовьте монолог об источниках энергии.

Задания к самостоятельной работе студентов

е

1.

Упражнения для самостоятельной работы, см.

уч бник:

т

Орловская И.В, Самсонова Л.С., Скубриева А.И. Уч бник английского

о

языка для студентов технических университет в и вузов. – М.: Издательство

МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2008, – с. 52-56.

2.

Вопросы для тестирования – ДМ 2.1

А) Лексический минимум по темам:

и

1. Жизнь студента: о себе, о своей семье, мой дом, мой день, досуг и

развлечения.

б

2. Мой вуз, структура института, его сториябли традиции.

3. Система высшего образования в Россиии .

4. Система высшего образования в Великобритании и США.

ая

5. Глобальные проблемы человечества: защита окружающей среды,

экологические проблемы больших городов.

нн

6. Источники энергии: электричество, нефть и газ.

Б) Грамматические темы:

1.

Глагол to be, to have.

2.

ро

Числительные.

3.

Обо от: There+be.

кт

4.

Личные и притяжательные местоимения.

4.

Имя существительное, прилагательное и наречие.

е

Времена группы Simple Active, Simple Passive.

5.

Э

6.

Структура английского предложения, порядок слов в предложении.

л

7.

Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

8. Особенности употребления и перевод it, one, that.

9.

Словообразовательные суффиксы: -tion, -ic, -al, -ly, -ty, -ment, -ous.

Префиксы: dis-, re-

Philo Taylor Farnsworth

ка

Philo

е

Taylor Farnsworth (August 19, 1906 – March 11, 1971) was an

т

American inventor and television pioneer. Although he made many contributions that

were crucial to the early development of all-electronicоtelevision, he is perhaps best

known for inventing the first fully functional иall-electronic image pickup device

(video camera tube), the "image dissector", the first fully functional and complete all-

electronic television system, and for being the first person to demonstrate such a

б

system to the public. Farnsworth developedблa television system complete with

receiver and camera, which he producedиcommercially in the firm of the Farnsworth

Television and Radio Corporation from 1938 to 1951.

ая

Later Farnsworth invented a small nuclear fusion device, the Farnsworth–

Hirsch fusor or simply "fusor", employing inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC).

нн

Although not a practical device for generating nuclear energy, the fusor serves as a

viable source of neutrons. The design of this device has been the acknowledged

inspiration

for other fusion approaches including the Polywell reactor concept in

ро

terms of a general approach to fusion design. Farnsworth held 165 patents mostly in

radio and television.

кт

2. Ознакомьтесь с употреблением неопределенных местоимений some,

any, no, every и их производными (см. Учебник английского языка для

е

инж н ров. Т.Ю. Полякова, стр. 381-382).

Э

Выполните упражнение:

Do you want (some, any) coffee?

л I haven’t given (everyone, someone) permission to borrow my calculator.

labs.

ка

The idea of sending images by wire had been tantalizing scientists since 1839.

е

The earliest mechanical television systems, like the one patented by the German Paul

т

Nipkow in 1884, projected light onto a light-sensitive area through a series of holes

cut near the rim of a spinning disc. In 1897, anotherоGerman, Karl Braun, invented

the cathode ray oscilloscope, in which magneticиfields directed the rays onto a

flourescent material at the end of a tube. By the time Zworykin graduated with honors

in Electrical Engineering (1912), he had assisted Rosing in developing (1907) and

б

exhibiting (1910) a primitive but successfulблhybrid television system that used the

mechanical Nipkow disc as a cameraиand Braun's electronic cathode ray tube as a

receiver.

ая

Further improvements to the pair's system were soon interrupted by the

incipient Russian Revolution. Rosing went into exile and died. Zworykin made his

нн

way to Paris (1912), where he did work in x-rays and theoretical physics before

immigrating to the US (1919). For ten years, he worked at Westinghouse's labs in

Pittsburgh. In 1923, Zworykin won his first television system patent; but his superiors

ро

at Westinghouse told him to stop wasting his time on such impractical pursuits.

Zworykin continued his television work on his own time, and produced both the

кт

"kinescope," a more sophisticated cathode-ray picture tube, and the "iconoscope," the

first all-electronic camera tube.

е

Вопросы для самоконтроля

Э

1. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every и их производные.

2. Сообщение по теме «Великие изобретатели и их изобретения:

лтелевидение и телевизор».

Учебный материал

АГНИ

1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы:

What was Boris Lvovich Rosing?

What did he invent?

Who assisted Rosing in his laboratory work?

Why was he moved to Archangelsk?

When did he die?

ка

Boris Lvovich Rosing

е

Boris Lvovich Rosing was a Russian scientist and inventor in the field of

т

television. Born to a family of Swedish descent, Rosing first envisioned a Television

system using the CRT on the receiving side in 1907. Rosing filed a patent application

in Germany on November 26, 1907 and—on the improved version of his system—on

March 2, 1911. He followed up with a demonstrationоof which a report was published

in the Scientific American with diagrams and иfull description of the invention's

operation.

Rosing's invention expanded on the designs of Paul Nipkow and his

б

mechanical system of rotating lenses andблmirrors. Accordingly Rosing's system

employed a mechanical camera device,иbut used very early cathode ray tube

(developed in Germany by Karl Ferdinand Braun) as a receiver. The system was

ая

primitive, but it was definitely one of the first experimental demonstrations where the

cathode ray tube was employed for the purposes of television.

нн

V. K. Zworykin, who pioneered television in the United States and Germany,

was a pupil of Rosing and assisted him in some of his laboratory work. Rosing

continued his television research until 1931 when he was exiled as a counter-

ро

revolutionary to Kotlas without right to work, but in 1932 was moved to Archangelsk

where took up physics department of Forestry Institute. Rosing died in exile in 1933

кт

of cerebral haemorrhage.

Ле сические единицы для запоминания:

е

descent – происхождение, десант, envision – представлять себе, a patent

application – заявление на патент, a receiver – телефонная трубка, exile – ссылать,

Э

изгонять, a counter-revolutionary - контрреволюционер, cerebral hаemorrhage -

лмозговое кровоизлияние.

time, Zworykin's system had won the race to the public. RCA introduced television to

the masses at the World's Fair in New York City in 1939; in fact, the Fair's opening

ка

ceremonies, with President Franklin D. Roosevelt presiding, were telecastАГНИlocally ten

days later by the newly formed National Broadcasting Company (NBC).

е

The Second World War (1939-45) effectively halted the spread of television: in

т

1946, there were only about 7,000 TV sets in American homes. By 1950, however,

there were 10,000,000; and most of them, whether manufactured by RCA or others,

used the same basic technology as Vladimir Zworykin's 1939 model. Even today,

each of the 605 million TV sets in use world-wideоgets its picture from what is

essentially the "kinescope."

и

Вопросы для самоконтроля

1. Употребление временных форм.

б

2. Сообщение по теме «Вел кбле изобретатели и их изобретения:

телевидение и телевизор».

и

ая

Практическое зан тие 15. Великие изобретатели и их изобретения:

сотовый телефон

нн

Цель:

Тренировать лексический минимум по теме, формировать навыки устной

речи (монолог- рассуждение о достоинствах сотовой связи и влиянии сотовых

ро

телефонов на зд ровье человека), ознакомить с грамматической темой:

определение,

способы

выражения существительным, прилагательным и

кт

числительным; практиковать чтение неадаптированных текстов из рекламных

буклетов и интернет-сайтов и составление тезисов для устного сообщения по

е

теме «Роль телефона в моей жизни».

Э

Учебный материал

1. Прочтите и переведите текст о первых изобретателях телефона и

лсоставьте тезисы для устного сообщения по данной теме.

Telephone Pioneers (1)

American

Charles

Grafton

Page (1812-1868) in 1837 passed an electric