osnovy_postroenia_sistem_videonabolyudenia
.pdf. 2.2 – .
2.2 $
. ( , & -$ ). . % $ - . . . : DivX 6.9.2, FLV1, Microsoft Video 1 ! !-
( . . 2.3).
. 2.3 – . . .
3.)$ 2## . (k) .
. & ! !
( f ). . & - . (S0) ( . . 2.4). & ! -
. . (Sc). * ! - ! 2.1. * ! !
! % 2## . (k) ( . * . 2.1).
31
* % & # 2## .
% .
. 2.4 – .
- . 2.1. 7 2## . !
!
|
|
|
|
S0 = |
|
||||||
|
f, /c |
100 |
225 |
340 |
460 |
700 |
938 |
1140 |
1340 |
1840 |
2340 |
DivX |
Sc, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
k |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FLV1 |
Sc, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
k |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MS |
Sc, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Video1 |
k |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.)$ PSNR, . &
! ! (f ). 2- & $%$ & % measurementPSNR.
( % : …
cmd ( . . 2.5).
32
. 2.5 – ( %
% , $ cd, %
, & & measurementPSNR
( . . 2.6).
. 2.6 – & % measurementPSNR
" % 2 # % . -
. # % . .. (
% measurementPSNR <
> < -
> . Enter ( . . 2.7).
33
. 2.7 – * & measurementPSNR
. # % ( .
. 2.8).
. 2.8 – 3 # & measurementPSNR
* & , %
4 . * – 2 ! PSNR
RGB, – 2 !
PSNR % &, -
2.2. ( . . 2.9).
. 2.9 – ) ! PSNR
34
5. )$ PSNR . .. ( 2.2. * % & # -
PSNR . &
% .
- . 2.2. PSNR ! !
f, /c 100 225 340 460 700 938 1140 1340 1840 2340
DivX
FLV1
MS
Video1
6 !
! . .$:
1.- $%
, #. . . &.
2.4$ .
3.( $% !.
4.- $ % . 5.2.
5.+ # & %.
6.! $ .
* . 2.1
/ " !' ! ! !*
. # : -
. $ .
". $ – . # -
% # , $ &
# . $
!$ . * 2 &$ -$ . & . 3
. $ ! . -
. . & # % #,
, $ & .
35
$. ". $ $ - & .. 5, $ # %-
. . $
. . ". $ $ , & . !$ . &. ! %
– # % % .
". – . ( -
) , $ &
! , $ ! -
% ! $% & -
$ . 3 !
. - , ! . %. * ! -
& . & . -
, & !$ .
!$& ! ! ..
% ! ! & , ! %
. . ! %
|
. , |
|
! |
. . ! |
- |
# , ! ! &. |
3 |
!$ $
. 2 . –
& ! . !-
$ .
" . -
$ .
, ! . $ !$
. , . $ -
, – . . $
!$ ! ! &-
.
% % & .
2## .. 1- 8 . 18 ., $:
36
k= S0 ,
Sc
& k – 2## ., S0 – 18 ,Sc – 18 .. - , ! 2##-
., & 2##. " $, ! k = 1, & ., $
18 -
, k < 1, & . $- & , . ., $, « -
» .
! & .
$ :
–! &$ (Mean Square Error):
|
1 |
|
|
M N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
MSE = |
|
∑∑[A(m, n) − A′(m, n)]2 ; |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
MN m=1 n=1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
– $ |
|
! &$ |
|||||||||||||
(Peak Mean Square Error): |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
M N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
∑∑[A(m, n)− A′(m, n)]2 |
|||||||||||
|
|
= |
= |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
PMSE = |
|
|
|
|
|
m 1 n |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; |
|
MN |
|
|
[ |
{ ( |
|
|
)}]2 |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
max A m, n |
|
|
|
|||||
– |
&$ (Normalized |
||||||||||||||
Absolute Error): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
M |
|
N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
∑∑[A(m, n)− A′(m, n)] |
||||||||||||
NAE = |
m =1 n =1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
; |
|
|||||
|
|
N |
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
M |
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
∑∑ |
|
A(m, n) |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
m =1 n =1
– ! &$:
1
NMSE =
MN
M N |
|
|
∑∑[A(m, n)− A′(m, n)]2 |
|
|
m =1 n =1 |
; |
|
M N |
||
|
||
∑∑[A(m, n)]2 |
|
|
m =1 n =1 |
|
37
– &/ :
|
M N |
2 |
|
∑∑[A(m, n)] |
|
SNR = 10lg |
m=1 n=1 |
|
|
|
|
|
M N |
2 |
|
∑∑[A(m, n) − A′(m, n)] |
|
m=1 n=1 |
|
;
–& & (Peak-to-Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio – PSNR):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2552 |
MN |
|
|
|
PSNR = 10 lg |
|
, |
|||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
M N |
2 |
|
|
|
|
∑∑[A(m, n) − A′(m, n)] |
|
|
||
m=1 n=1 |
|
|
|
& A(m, n), A′(m, n) – ! (m, n)-&
!$& & ; M , N – . .
* . 2.2
" % ! ,!%" !' ! !*
" & . $
! &: Wavelet, MJpeg, JPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H-263. )
4.
- . 4. & .
& . |
# % |
! #- |
|
(% - |
& - |
|
720 576 .) |
720 576 . 25 / |
Wavelet |
50 |
10 / |
MJpeg |
25 |
5 / |
JPEG |
70 |
14 / |
MPEG-2 |
10 |
2 / |
MPEG-4 |
5 |
1 / |
H-263 |
<64 |
<12,8 / |
2## . - . . % . . % & % ISO JPEG. - % $ $
38
% .
. %.
$ $
. % 2 $ $ 1 - # 5-10 & $
& !. JPEG ! .-
, ! . % & . %,
.
*$ $ % , -
% % . *. 2.2.1, !:
–. % 8×8 %;
–& & -
(7*) . ;
–! 2## 7* -
$ 2## ,
! Q;
–2 % 2##-
7* . & ..
* ##
$ ( ).
. *. 2.2.1 – " JPEG.
$ . -
. , # %. *$ $ % ( . . *. 2.2.2) !:
39
–2 % & ( #- #);
–2## 7* . &
8×8 %;
–7* . & ;
–1 ..
. *. 2.2.2 – " JPEG.
. . %, $-
% MPEG-1 MPEG-2, &-
, !
(intraframe) , $
# ! % ! $ -
, . (interframe) , $
& $ !$, .-
% %. )$ . & -
!$ $ $ . . & ., ! $
. $ JPEG.
. , - & ! , ! $ JPEG, $
, 7* , -
% % . .
. . -
.
#
. ( -
40