sirina_e._a._angliyskiy_yazyk_dlya_dokumentovedov_2013

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Exercise 7. Complete the sentences with don't/doesn't/didn't have to.

Why are you going out? You don’t have to go out. Why is Ann waiting? She_______________________.

Why did you get up early? You _____________________. Why is Paul working so hard? He ________________________. Why do you want to leave now? You ____________________.

Exercise 8. Complete the questions using do/does/did.

I have to get up early tomorrow. – What time do you have to get up? George had to wait a long time. – How long ___________________? Liz has to go somewhere. – Where _________________________?

We had to pay a lot of money. – How much________________________? I have to do some work. – What exactly __________________________?

Exercise 9. Choose the correct answer. Sometimes the both answers are correct. If you show you personal feelings, use must or have to

If you talk about a fact, only use have to

It's a great film. You must see / have to see it. (the both answers are correct)

In many countries, men must do / have to do military service. (have to is correct) You can’t park your car here for nothing. You must pay / have to pay.

I didn't have any money with me last night. So I must borrow / had to borrow some. I eat too much chocolate. I really must stop / have to stop.

“Why is Paula going now?” – “She must meet / has to meet somebody.' What's wrong? You must tell / have to tell me. I want to help you.

MODULE TWO

1. СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ. ПРОСТОЕ ВРЕМЯ (SIMPLE PASSIVE)

Когда неизвестно или неважно, кем совершено действие, глаголсказуемое в английском языке употребляется в форме страдательного залога по отношению к подлежащему.

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Exercise 1. Mark the sentences where the verb is translated into English in the Passive Voice.

Новый отель (его) откроют в следующем году. Его отправили в командировку.

Вода (она) закипает при 100 градусах. Что это слово (оно) означает?

Эту музыку (её) слышно издалека. Луна (она) вращается вокруг земли. Когда украли велосипед (его)?

Багаж (его) проверяют на таможне. Мы выращиваем клубнику на продажу. Анна уже звонила?

1.1. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОГО ЗАЛОГА.

Страдательный залог образуется по формуле to be + III форма глагола, где to be – вспомогательный глагол, изменяющийся по времени, лицу и числу: is, am, are, was, were

to be written – быть написанным

The letter was written in red pen. – Письмо было написано красной ручкой. (was written – Past Simple Passive; to be стоит в форме прошедшего времени: was)

to be seen – быть увиденным

They are often seen together. – Их часто видят вместе. (are seen – Present Simple Passive; to be стоит в форме настоящего времени: are)

to be translated – быть переведённым

The contract is translated into English. – Контракт переведён на английский язык. (is translated – Present Simple Passive; to be стоит в форме настоящего времени: is)

1.2. СПОСОБЫ ПЕРЕВОДА НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК

The factory was closed down last month.

дословный перевод: Завод был закрыт в прошлом месяце.

неопределённо-личным предложением: Завод закрыли в прошлом году. («Они» закрыли – неопределённые лица)

при помощи возвратной частицы –ся/-сь: Завод закрылся в прошлом году.

1.3. ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕВОДА

Подлежащее, выраженное местоимением именительного падежа, переводится на русский язык местоимением в косвенном падеже.

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I am often invited to parties. – Меня часто приглашают на вечеринки.

He was offered a new job. – Ему предложили новую работу.

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in bracket.

Butter is made of milk. (make)

Oranges are _________ into Britain. (import) How often are these rooms __________? (clean) I am never _____________to parties. (invite)

This house was ___________100 years ago. (build) When was the telephone___________? (invent) Two people were _____________ to hospital. (take)

Exercise 3. Make up sentences in the Passive Voice.

a)in the Present Simple tense

0.(the office / clean / every day) The office is cleaned every day.

0. (these rooms / clean / every day?) Are these rooms cleaned every day? (private letters / not / open / in the mail room) _________________________

(stamps / sell / in a post office) ___________________________

(this room / not / use / very often) ___________________________

(we / allow / to park here?) _____________________________

(how / this word / pronounce?) ____________________

b) in the Past Simple tense

(the office / clean / yesterday). The office was cleaned yesterday. (the office / paint / last month) ______________________________

(the letter / lose / a few days ago) ____________________________

(when / this equipment / buy?)____________________________________

(you / invite / to the party last week?)___________________________

(how / these letters / deliver?)______________________________

MODULE TREE

REVISION OF TENSES

1. PRESENT SIMPLE – PRESENT CONTINUOUS – PRESENT PERFECT

Русскому настоящему времени соответствуют следующие английские видовременные формы: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect (с

глаголами be, live, work, know, have и некоторыми другими). Употребление той или иной формы зависит от обстоятельства времени (смотрите таблицу)21.

21 Условные обозначения:

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Обстоятельства времени

V1 – форма инфинитива (go, write, meet); V1 (e)s – goes, writes, meets

V3 – III форма неправильного глагола (went, wrote, met); правильный глагол: V1(e)d (called, smiled, organized)

Ving – going, writing, meeting

☻ – подлежащее предложения

22 С другими обстоятельствами времени Pr. Perfect соответствует русскому прошедшему времени.

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Вопросы для самоконтроля:

Какое действие обозначает глагол в форме Present Simple / Present Continuous / Present Perfect (since, for)?

Какие наречия ставятся перед смысловым глаголом (V1 ; V1(e)s) в Present Simple?

Как образуются формы Present Simple / Present Continuous / Present Perfect?

Какой вспомогательный глагол (do, be, have) не употребляется в утвердительном предложении?

Когда Present Perfect соответствует русскому глаголу настоящего времени? В других случаях?

Определите, в какой форме необходимо употребить сказуемое при переводе на английский язык в предложениях 1-6. Затем переведите предложения (помните о порядке слов в английском предложении).

Яработаю в отделе кадров уже десять лет. Он сейчас не работает. Он ищет новую работу. Где она работает?

Язнаю его с института.

Мы не так много работаем в этом месяце. Время от времени я работаю за компьютером.

Exercise 1. Choose the alternative: Present Simple or Present Continuous.

Water ____________ at 100 degrees Celsius.

Look! That man ____________ to open the door of your car. a) tries b) is trying

Can you hear those people? What do they _____________ about?

I usually ______________ to work by car. a) go b) am going

'Hurry up! It's time to leave.' 'OK, I ___________.' a) come b) am coming

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Exercise 2. Put the verb in the correct form: Present Continuous or Present Simple.

Let's go out. It _____________ (not/rain) now.

Julia is very good at languages. She _________ (speak) four languages very well. Hurry up! Everybody ____________(wait) for you.

'___________ (you/listen) to the radio?' 'No, you can turn it off.' '_____________ (you/listen) to the radio every day?' 'No, just occasionally.' The River Nile __________ (flow) into the Mediterranean.

We usually __________ (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we

__________ (not/grow) any.

'How is your English?' 'Not bad. It ____________ (improve) slowly.'

Ron is in London at the moment. He ____________ (stay) at the Park Hotel. He always ____________ (stay) there when he's in London.

Normally I _________ (finish) work at 5.00, but this week I _________ (work) until 6.00 to earn a bit more money.

My parents ___________ (live) in Bristol. Where ________ (your parents/live)? Sonia __________ (look) for a place to live. She ___________ (stay) with her sister

until she finds somewhere.

'What _________ (your father/do)?' 'He's an architect but he _____________

(not/work) at the moment.'

Exercise 3. Choose the alternative: Present Simple or Present Perfect.

Bob is my friend. I know / have known him very well. I know / have known him for a long time.

Sue and Alan are married / have been married since July.

I like your house. How long do you live / have you lived there?

Graham works / has worked in a shop. He works / has worked there for the last few months.

I have / have had a very old bicycle. I have / have had it for ages.

Exercise 4. Write questions from the words in brackets. Use the Present Perfect.

(how long/your mother/be/in hospital?) ________________________. (how long/you/know/Carol?) ________________________________. (how long/she/be/in Australia?) ______________________________. (how long/he/have/that jacket?) ______________________________. (how long/you/work/at the airport?) ___________________________. (how long/have/driving lessons?) _____________________________.

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Exercise 5. Choose a, b, or c.

'You ____________ hard today.' - 'Yes, I have a lot to do.'

2. PRESENT PERFECT – PAST SIMPLE – PAST CONTINUOUS

Русскому прошедшему времени соответствуют следующие английские видовременные формы: Present Perfect, Past Simple и Past Continuous.

Present Perfect и Past Simple соответствуют русскому глаголу прошедшего времени совершенного вида (что сделал?) и несовершенного вида (что делал?); Past Continuous соответствуют русскому глаголу прошедшего времени несовершенного вида (что делал?).

23 Некоторые глаголы не употребляются в Continuous Tense, в том числе: see, hear, have (got), love, like, hate, want, know, understand

Exercise 7. Put the verbs in the correct form: Present Perfect or Past Simple.

0. My friend is a writer. He has written (write) many books. 0. We didn’t have (not/have) a holiday last year.

I ________ (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.

What time _______________ (you/go) to bed last night?

___________ (you/ever/meet) a famous person?

The weather _____________ (not/be) very good yesterday. My hair is wet. I ____________ (just/wash) it.

I ___________ (wash) my hair after breakfast this morning.

Kathy travels a lot. She __________ (visit) many countries (in her life). Is Sonia here? – No, she ________________ (not/come) yet.

Exercise 8. Put the verbs in the correct form: Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1.A: Have уоu ever been (you/ever/be) to Florida?

B:Yes, we went (go) there on holiday two years ago.

A:_____________ (you/have) a good time?

B:Yes, it ____________ (be) great.

2.A: Where’s Alan? _____________(you/see) him?

B:Yes, he __________ (go) out a few minutes ago.

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4. Rose works in a factory. She _____________ (work) there for six months. Before that she ___________(be) a waitress in a restaurant. She __________ (work) there for two years but she _________ (not/enjoy) it very much.

Exercise 9. What were you doing at the following times? Write one sentence as in the examples. The past continuous is not always necessary (see the second example).

0. (at 8 o'clock yesterday evening) – I was having dinner with some friends. 0. (at 5 o'clock last Saturday) – I was on a train on my way to London.

(at 10.15 yesterday morning) __________________________. (at 4.30 this morning) ________________________________. (at 7.45 yesterday evening) ____________________________. (half an hour ago) ___________________________________.

Exercise 10. Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use the past continuous.

0. Tom burnt his hand while he was cooking the dinner. The doorbell rang while I ____________________________. We saw an accident while we ________________________. Mary fell asleep while she ___________________________. The television was on but nobody _____________________.

Exercise 11. Put the verbs into the correct form, Past Continuous or Past Simple.

I __________ (see) Sue in town yesterday but she ________ (look) the other way. I __________ (meet) Tom and Ann at the airport a few weeks ago. They

___________ (go) to Berlin and I _________ (go) to Madrid. We

___________ (have) a chat while we ___________ (wait) for our flights.

I __________ (cycle) home yesterday when suddenly a man __________ (step) out into the road in front of me. I ____________ (go) quite fast but luckily I

____________ (manage) to stop in time and _________ (not/hit) him. 'What ___________ (you/do) this time yesterday?' - 'I was asleep.'

' ___________ (you/go) out last night?' - 'No, I was too tired.'

'Was Carol at the party last night?' - 'Yes, she ___________(wear) a really nice dress.'

How fast _____________ (you/drive) when the accident ________ (happen)? John __________ (take) a photograph of me while I ___________ (not/look).