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Sartori The War Gases Chemistry and analysis

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million into mgm. per litre and vice vers& (25° C. and 760 mm. mercury)

M.Wt.

i mgm./l.

i ppm.

M.Wt.

i mgm./l.

i ppm.

M.Wt.

i mgm./l.

i ppm.

 

ppm.

mgm./l.

 

ppm.

mgm./I.

 

ppm.

mgm./I.

'51

161.9

0.00618

201

121. 6

0.00822

251

97-4

0.01027

152

160.9

.00622

202

I2I.O

.00826

252

97.0

.01031

'53

159.8

.00626

203

I2O.4

.00830

253

96.6

.01035

154

158.8

.00630

204

119.9

.00834

254

96-3

.01039

"55

'57-7

.00634

205

I'9-3

.00838

255

95-9

.01043

156

156.7

.00638

206

II8.7

.00843

256

95-5

.01047

'57

155.7

.00642

207

118.1

.00847

257

95-'

.01051

158

'54-7

.00646

208

"7-5

.00851

258

94-8

.01055

'59

'53-7

.00650

209

117.0

.00855

259

94-4

.01059

160

152.8

.00654

2IO

116.4

.00859

260

94-0

.01063

161

151-9

.00658

211

i'5-9

.00863

261

93-7

.01067

162

150.9

.00663

212

"5-3

.00867

262

93-3

.01072

163

150.0

.00667

213

114.8

.00871

263

93.0

.01076

164

'49-I

.00671

4

"4-3

.00875

264

92.6

.01080

 

2I

'<??

148.2

.00675

2'5

113.7

.00879

265

92.3

.01084

166

'47-3

.00679

216

"3-2

.00883

266

9'-9

.01088

167

146.4

.00683

2I7

112.7

.00888

267

91.6

.01092

168

'45-5

.00687

218

112. 2

.00892

268

91.2

.01096

169

'44-7

.00691

219

III. 6

.00896

269

90.9

-OI1OO

170

'43-8

.00695

22O

III. I

.00900

270

90.6

.01104

i?i

I43-0

.00699

221

11 0.6

.00904

27:

90.2

.01108

172

142.2

.00703

222

110. 1

.00908

272

89.9

.OIII2

'73

I4I-3

.00708

223

109.6

.00912

273

89.6

•OIII7

'74

140.5

.00712

224

109.2

.00916

274

89.2

.01121

'75

'39-7

.00716

225

108.7

.00920

275

88.9

.01125

176

138-9

.00720

226

108.2

.00924

276

88.6

.O1I29

177

136.1

.00724

227

107.7

.00928

277

88.3

.01133

178

'37-4

.00728

228

107.2

•00933

278

87.9

•o"37

'79

136.6

.00732

229

106.8

.00937

279

78.6

.01141

180

135-8

.00736

230

106.3

.00941

280

87.3

.01145

181

'35-1

.00740

23'

105.8

.00946

281

87.0

.01149

182

'34-3

.00744

232

105-4

.00949

282

86.7

•01153

183

'33-6

.00748

233

104.9

•00953

283

86,4

.01157

184

132-9

•00753

234

104.5

.00957

284

86.1

.01162

'85

132.2

•00757

235

104.0

.00961

285

85.8

.01166

186

'31-5

.00761

236

103.6

.00976

286

85.5

.011 70

187

130-7

.00765

237

103.2

.00969

287

85.2

.01174

188

130.1

.00769

238

102.7

•00973

288.

84.9

.01178

189

129.4

.00773

239

102.3

.00978

289

84.6

.01182

190

128.7

.00777

240

101.9

.00982

290

84-3

.01186

191

128.0

.007*1

24'

101.5

.00986

291

84.0

.01190

192

127.3

.00785

242

IOI.O

.00990

292

83.7

.01194

'93

126.7

.00789

243

100.6

.00994

293

83-4

.01198

'94

126.0

•00793

244

IOO.2

.00998

294

83.2

.01202

'95

"5-4

.00798

245

99.8

.OIOO2

295

82.9

.01207

196

124.7

.00802

246

99-4

.01006

296

82.6

.01211

197

124.1

.00806

247

99.0

.OIOIO

297

82.3

.01215

198

123-5

.00810

248

98.6

.01014

298

88.0

.OI2I9

199

122.9

.00814

249

98.2

.01018

299

81.8

.01227

200

122.3

.00818

250

97-8

.01022

300

81.5

.01227

337

TABLE XIV. List of the Most Important War Gases Employed

I

2

3

 

Military Name

7

8

Date first

Name

Formula

4

5

6 M. Wt.

M. Pt.

used

 

 

U.S.A.

 

 

 

 

French

German

 

1914

Ethyl bromoacetate

CH.Br—COOC.H,

1915, Jan.

Xylyl bromide

C,H,(CH,)CH,Br

Mar.

Chloroacetone

CH,—CO—CH.C1

 

Benzyl bromide

C.H.CH.Br

Apr.

Benzyl iodide

C.H.CH.I

Chlorine

Cl,

 

Bromine

Br,

 

Ethyl

C1SO,OC,H,

 

chlorosulphonate

June

Methyl

C1SO.OCH,

 

chlorosulphonate

 

Monochloromethyl

 

 

chloroformate

Cl—COO—CH.C1

July

Bromoacetone

CH,—CO—CH.Br

 

Bromomethylethyl

 

Aug.

ketone

C.H.—CO—CHaBr

Dimethyl sulphate

SO,(OCH,),

Sept. Perchloromethyl

CC1,—S—Cl

 

mercaptan

Dec.

Phosgene

COC1,

1916, Jan.

Ethyl iodoacetate

CH.I—COOC.H,

Acrolein

CH,=CH—CHO

May

Trichloromethyl

Cl—COOCC1,

 

chloroformate

July

Hydrocyanic acid

HCN

 

Chloropicrin

CC1,—NO,

1917

Cyanogen chloride

C1CN

Cyanogen bromide

BrCN

May

Phenylcarbylamine

 

July

chloride

C.H.NCC1,

Dichloroethyl

S(CH,—CH.C1),

 

sulphide

 

Diphenyl

 

Sept.

chloroarsine

(C.H,),AsCl

Phenyl

C.H.AsCl,

1918

dichloroarsine

Dichloromethyl

O(CH,C1),

 

ether

 

Dibromomethyl

 

Mar.

ether

O(CH.Br),

Ethyl

 

 

dichloroarsine

C.H.AsCl,

May

Thiophosgene

CSC1,

Diphenylcyano

 

 

arsine

(C,H.),AsCN

 

Methyl

 

 

dichloroarsiue

CH.AsCl

—

T-Stoff

 

167

—•

—

185

Tonite

A-Stoff

.—

92-5

—

Cycllte

T-Stoff

—

171

-4

Fraisinite

. .

218

24

Bertholite

Chlor

—

71

— IO2

—

—

Brom

159-8

—7

 

—

 

 

Sulvinite

—

—

144-5

—.

 

 

 

Villantite

C-Stoff

—

130-5 -7o

 

 

 

 

—

B-Stoff

.—•

129

 

BA

136-5

-54

—

 

 

 

 

Homomartonite

Bn-Stoff

—

151

—

—

D-Stoff

126

—

-31-7

 

—

 

 

Clairsite

—

186

•—.

Collongite

—

CG

99

-118

Papite—

.—

SK

214

—

—

.—.

56

-88

Surpalite

Perstoff

 

198

-57

Fores tite

Klop—

—.

27

-15

Aquinite

PS

164.5

-69

Mauguinite

—

—

61-4

-6

 

E-Stoff

106

52

—

—

 

 

 

—

K-Stoff

—

175

—

 

 

Yp&ite

Lost

HS

159

14-4

—

Clark I

DA

264-5

41

—

—

—

223

—20

 

 

Cici

—

—.

114-7

—.

 

 

 

 

Bibi

—

—

204

-34

 

 

 

—

Dick

ED

175

-65

Lacrimite

—

—

"5

 

 

 

—

Clark II

CDA

255

31

 

 

 

 

—

Methyldick

MD

161

-42'5

Column i. The dates are quoted from Hanslian, Da Chemische Krieg, Berlin, 1927. Column 13. See p. 6.

Column 16. Lower Limit of Irritation : the minimum concentration (in mgm. per cu. m.) causing irritation (Fries; Vedder; Muller).

338

in the War 0/1914-18, in Chronological Order of their first use

9

10

II

12

13

14

B. Pt.

S.G.

Vap.

Vap.

Volatility

Coeffic.

den.

Press,

at 20°C.

thermal

°C.

 

air = i

mm. Hg.

mgm./cu. m.

expansn.

 

 

 

 

 

168

1-53

5'8

 

600

—•

2IO-22O

i'4

—

—

119

1-16

3-2

•—

61,000

—

199

1-43

5'8

•—•

2,440

—

226

1-77

7-5

—

I.20O

—-

-33-5

i'4

2-5

—•

O-OO2I

59

3'i

5'5

—

—

 

172

 

152

1-4

5

—

18,000

—

 

 

 

 

133

1-49

4'5

—

60,000

—

 

 

 

 

106-5

1-46

4'5

5-6

„,

 

136

1-63

4'7

9

75,000

 

145

I'43

5'2

 

 

 

188

i'33

4'3

—

3,300

 

148

1-7

6-4

—

18,000

O-OOI22

8-2

i'4

3'5

—

1,173

179

1-8

7-4

o-54

3,100

 

52

0-8

1-9

 

407,000

—•

127

1-7

6-9

10-3

26,000

O-OOO93

26-5

0-7

0-9

603

873,000

O-OOI9

112

1-6

57

16-9

184,000

o-oon

I2'5

1-2

2-1

I,OOI

3,300,000

0-0015

61

I-g

3'7

89

200,000

—

208

1-3

6-0

—

2,100

0-00089

217-5

I"3

5'4

0-115

625

0-00088

333

i'3

—

0-0005

0-68

0-0007

257

1-6

7-7

—

404

0-0007

105

i'3

4

—

180,000

—

154

2-2

7

—

21,100

0-0009

156

1-7

6

 

2O,OOO

o-ooii

73-5

i-5

4

—

•—

—

 

 

 

 

—

377

i'4

—

O-OOO2

0-16

132

1-8

5'5

8-5

74,440

O-OOIO2

15

16

17

Mortality-product

Princ. biolog.

LLI

LI

18

19

action.

 

 

 

German data

American

 

 

 

 

data

Lachrym.

10

40

3,000

23,000

,,

1-8

15

6,000

56,000

,,

18

too

3,000

23,000

,,

4

60

6,000

45,ooo

2

30

3,000

30,000

Suffoc.

IO

IOO

7,500

56,000

Toxic

 

—

 

—

Lach. Suf.

 

50

3,ooo

2

10,000

,,

2

40

2,000

20,000

 

 

50

__

10,000

 

2

 

',',

I

IO

4,000

32,000

ft

1-6

II

6,000

20,000

Tox. Ves.

•—

50

1,500

5,000

Lachrym.

IO

7o

3,ooo

30,000

Suffoc.

5

20

450

5,000

Lachrym

i'4

15

1,500

15,000

>,

7

50

7,000

3,5oo

Suffoc.

5

40

500

5,ooo

Toxic

i-I

 

1,000-4,000

2,000

Lach. Suf.

2

50

2,000

20,000

Tox. Lach

.

50

—

4,000

,,

5

85

2,000

4,000

Irritant

3

30

3,ooo

5,ooo

Vesicant

—

—

1,500

15,000

 

 

 

 

Irritant

o-i

i

4,000

15,000

„

—

16

—

2,600

 

 

 

 

Suffoc.

14

40

500

4,7oo

,,

20

50

400

4,7oo

Suff. Ves

i

IO

3,ooo

5,ooo

Suffoc.

—

•—

—-

—

Irritant

o-i

0-25

4,000

10,000

Suff. Ves.

2

25

3,ooo

5,6oo

Columni ]17.

Limit of Insupportability: the maximum concentration (in mgm. per cu.

m.) which a normal man can

Column 18.

support without injury for i minute at the most (Flury ; Vedder; Lustig;

Lindemann ; Aksenov}.

Mortality product: the product of the concentration of the substance in air (in mgm. per cu. m.) by the duration

Column 19.

of its action (in minutes) to cause death (Flury; Meyer). See p. 3'

 

These data are due to Prentiss, and in general refer to a time of exposure of 10 minutes. See p. 4.

339

 

TABLE XV.

List of War Gases Prepared or Studied

 

 

 

Military name

 

 

 

Name

Formula

 

 

 

M.Wt.

M. Pt

 

 

French

English

American

 

°C.

o-Nitrobenzyl bromide .

C,H4(NOa)CH2Br

_

_

_

2l6

46-47

 

CA

Bromobenzyl cyanide

C,H6CHBrCN

Camite

—

196

25

Chloroacetophenone

C,H5COCHaCl

—

CN

I54-5

58

—

Bromoacetophenone

C6H6COCH2Br

—

199

5°

—

—

Bromopicrin

CBr3NO,

298

IO-2

Tetrachlorodinitroethane

(CC1.NO,),

—

—

—

257-8

142-143

Dibromoethyl sulphide .

S(CH,CH,Br),

—

—

—

247-8

31-34

Bromlost

z

Diiodoethyl sulphide

S(CH2CH2I)2

 

—

341-8

62

Chlorovinyl dichloroarsine

ClCH=CHAsCla

—

Lewisite

Ml

207-3

—18-2

Dichlorovinyl chloroarsine

(ClCH=CH)2AsCl

 

 

233-3

.

—

—

—

 

Trichlorovinyl arsine

(ClCH=CH)8As

259-4

21

—

—

—

Bromovinyl

 

 

 

 

 

dibromoarsine

JBrCH=CHAsBr2

—

—

—

340-6

 

Chlorostyryl

JC,H6CC1=CHASC1,

—

 

—

283-3

—

dichloroarsine

—

—

Diphenyl bromoarsine .

(C,He)2AsBr

 

 

3°9

—

—

—

54-56

Phenarsazine chloride

NH(C,H4)2AsCl

—

Adamsite

DM

277-4

193-194

Phenarsazine bromide

NH(CeH1)sAsBr

—

—

321-8

 

Phenarsazine cyanide

NH(C6H4)2AsCN

—

272-0

227

""^*

—

—

 

 

 

 

 

 

34°

at the end

of the

War or immediately after

the War

 

 

 

 

 

Vap. lens.

Volatility

Principal

Lower

Limit of

Mortality-product

B. Ft.

S.G.

 

 

20° C.

biological

Limit

 

 

mg./cu. m.

Insupporty.

 

 

 

 

mm. Hg.

action.

Irritn.

German data American data

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

__

 

 

_

Lachrym.

 

_

 

_

242

 

 

 

 

 

7,500

 

i-5

O-OI2

130

Lachrym.

0-3

30

3,500

245-47

1-3

0-013

105

Lachrym.

0-3

4-5

4,000

8,500

260

—

 

 

Lachrym.

—

 

—.

—

127/118 mm.

 

•—.

Tox. lach.

—

—

2-8

 

30

—

240—

—

 

—

Tox. lach.

.—•

.—

—

—

 

400

Vesicant

 

 

—

2-05

 

—

—

—

 

 

 

 

Vesicant

 

190—

—

 

—

—

—

—

—

0-394

Vesicant

1-9

2,300

0-8

- 48

1,500

I.2OO

230

1-7

 

—

Vesicant

•— .

 

•—•

—

260

 

—

—

—

—

—

fi4o-i43/

 

—

—

 

 

—

Ii6mm.

—

—

—

Irritant

—

—

—

lioS-no/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

\i2 mm.

 

 

 

Irritant

—.

.—.

.—.

 

54-5°

—

—

—

—

o-i

0-4

 

410

1-6

2 X ID""

 

Sternut.

 

30,000

—

—

341

AUTHOR INDEX

ABKLLI, 135

 

 

Berthollet, 188

 

 

Chlopin, 37

Adams, 273, 277, 320

 

Bertrand, 165

 

 

Chrzaszczevska, 128, 150,

Aeschlimann, 326

 

Besson, 74, 260

 

 

152, 159

Aksenov, 2, 180

 

Bezzenberger, 5, 168, 277

Chugaev, 29

Alexander, 237, 245

 

Biechler, 109

 

 

Chvalinsky, 95, 159

Alexejev,

103, 108,

258,

Biesalsky,

52, 87

 

Claesson, 261

262

 

 

 

Biltz, 52, 53, 163, 173

 

Claisen, 187

Alexejevsky,

132,

134,

Birckenbach, 58, 77, 78

Clarke, 218, 223, 239

153, 170, 171, 173, 178,

Bischof, 149, 186

 

Clements, 158

265

 

 

 

Black, j. H. 169, 179,225

Clibbens, 155

Alsterberg,

195

 

Black, O. F., 326

 

Cloez, 149, 190

Argo, 163

 

 

 

Blasi, 298

 

 

 

Coflfey,

215

Atkinson, 136

 

Blicke, 299, 301, 302, 303,

Cohen, 66, 67

Auger, 274

 

 

 

308, 311, 312

 

 

Collet. 159

Auwers, 120

 

 

Ely, 203

 

 

 

Conant, 218, 289

Autenrieth, 212

 

Bodenstein, 66

 

 

Conrad, n8

BACKER, 171, 278, 283

Boggio-Lera, 216, 232

 

Contardi, 72, 320, 321

Bolas, 175

 

 

Cook, 194, 195. 274, 332

Bader, 50

 

 

 

Boord, 217

 

 

Cossa, 168

Balard, 37

 

 

 

Bougault, 328

 

 

Cosslett, 187

Bales, 215, 237

 

Boulin, 225,258, 265

 

Councler, 115

Bamberger,

135

 

Bozza, 221

 

 

Craft, 155

Barkenbus, 158

 

Bose, 71

 

 

 

Cretcher, 92

Bart, 303

 

 

 

Brauner, 38

 

 

Cristaldi, 93

Bartal, 57, 69, 74, 75

 

Bredig, 185

 

 

Cristea, 271

Barthelemy, 105

 

Brenneisen, 176

 

Crouzier, 191

Baskerville, 66

 

Brinton, 333

 

 

 

 

Bassett, 171

 

 

Brochet, 94

 

 

DAFERT, 284

Bausor, 217

 

 

Brunck, 54

 

 

Danaila, 166

Baxter, 5, 6, 168, 192, 277

Buchanan, 185, 186

 

Dancer, 39

Bayer, A., 52, 273, 277,

Bunbury, 73

 

 

Danneel, 259

328

 

 

 

Bunsen, 42, 273

 

Das, 172, 177

Bayer & Co., F., 136, 320

Burrows,

163,

166,

174,

Das-Gupta, 278, 285

Becker, 67

 

 

 

243, 244, 283

 

 

Davies,

228, 233, 234,

Beckurts, 256

 

Burton,

289,

301,

313,

238. 239

Beek, 135

 

 

 

3i9, 32°, 323, 325

 

Davy, 59

Behrend, 267

 

Buruiana, 247

 

 

Dawson, 230, 233, 234

Behrens, 144

 

Bushong, 269

 

 

Deckert, 176, 178, 208

Beilstein, 40, 132

 

Butlerov,

122

 

 

Dehn, 273, 279, 283, 301

Bell, 217, 226, 236

 

Buscher, 284, 293

 

Delepine, 67, 86, 88, 89,

Bellinzoni, 314, 317

 

 

 

 

 

124,

125, 223, 335

Benedict, 42

 

 

CAHOURS, in

 

 

De Paolini, 58

Benediktov,

319

 

Cannizzaro, 129, 130, 131,

Descude', 93

Bennett, 18, 216, 229,236

134. '90

 

 

Desgrez, 231

Berend, 52, 53

 

Carrara, 214, 259

 

Despretz, 217, 218

Bergreen, 214

 

Carroll, 148

 

 

De Stackelberg, 134

Berlin, 283

 

 

Chapman, 64

 

 

Dewar, 48, 49, 50

Bernhardi,

120

 

Chattaway, 190, 209

 

Diels, 119

Berthelot, D., 89, 101

Chauvenet, 72

 

 

Dollfus,

78, 79, 164

Berthelot, M., 47, 89

 

Cherniak, 175

 

 

Douris, 86

343

AUTHOR INDEX

343

Dow Chemical Company,

Fuchs, 93, 95, 108, 255,

38

257.

258

Draeger, 56, 231

 

 

 

Dubinin, 81, 114, 177, 180

•ANASSINI, 41, 204

Dudek, 312

arden, 169

Dufilho, 327

astaldi, 205

Dumas, 71, 100, 102

•audechon, 89

Dunant, 66

autier, 55, 154, 158, 159

Duppa, 119, 121

•avron, 277, 311

Dyckerhof, 160

Geisse, 170

EHRLICH, 24

Gelis, 207

Germann, 72

Eichler, 42

Gershevich, 172

Eldred, 186

Geuther,

143

Elson, 324

Gibson,

156, 218, 222,

Emmerling,

57,

60,

74,

223, 228, 230, 235, 240,

152, 161

 

 

 

241, 277, 279, 282,286,

Endres, 77

 

 

 

289,

293, 301, 308, 313,

Engel, 29, 32, 177

 

319, 320, 323, 324, 325

Engelhardt, 73

 

 

Gilchrist, 242

 

 

Engler, 161, 162

 

 

Giua, 148, 152, 223

 

Ephraim, 259

 

 

Glaser, 82

 

 

Epstein, 286

 

 

Gloyns, 207

 

 

Ercoli, 72

 

 

 

Goddard, 303

 

 

Erdmann, 61, 65, 75

 

Gomberg, 222, 223, 226

Erlenmeyer, 266

 

 

Gorsky, 324

 

 

Errera, 131

 

 

Goswami, 100

 

 

Ewins, 330

 

 

Gotts, 78

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Graebe, 154, 155

 

FAUCONNIER, 79

 

Grassi, 92, 93

 

 

Federal

Laboratory, 160

Green, 222, 284, 287, 288,

Felsing, 241

 

 

291, 294, 295

 

 

Ferrarolo,

22,

194,

217,

Gregor, 206

 

 

265,

271, 286

 

 

Grice, 56

 

 

Ferri, 2,173, 199, 200,242

Griffin,

284

 

 

Fieldner, 176, 180

 

Griffith, 54, 56

 

 

Fischer, 323

 

 

Grignard, 62,

105,

107,

Fleury, 333,

 

 

no,

116, 191, 241, 245,

Florentin,

105, 108,

no

248,

252, 307

 

 

Fluerscheim, 133

 

Grodsovsky, 144

 

Flury, 3, 37, 74, 109,

no,

Groves, 174

 

 

114, 121, 194, 223, 248,

Gryszkiewicz,

273,

293,

265,

269, 298, 302, 313,

301, 308, 319, 325

 

317

 

 

 

 

Guareschi, 206

 

 

Fordos, 207

 

 

Guenter, 297

 

 

Fosse, 69

 

 

 

Guignard, 205

 

 

Fox, 169

 

 

 

Guillemard, 179

 

Frankland, 170, 213

 

Guthrie, 35, 217, 218, 219

Freundlich, 49

 

 

221, 222

 

 

Frickhinger, 104

 

Gutmann, 193, 195, 209

Friedel, 155

 

 

Gutzeit, 326

 

 

Fries, 67, 122, 160, 173,

Guyot, 263, 267

 

223,

224, 272

 

 

HABER, 3

 

 

Frisch, 82

 

 

 

 

 

Fritsch, 148, 149

 

Hackmann, 21, 58, 147

Froboese, 55

 

 

Haga, 143

 

 

Fromm,

236,

237,

241,

Hahn, 159

 

 

245,

3°8

 

 

Hamilton, 320

 

 

Hanne, 45

Hanslian, 44, 217, 223, 243, 272, 320

Hantzsch, 188

Kanzlik, 174, 273, 279, 284, 302, 313

Harned, 173

Harries, 143

Hartel, 171 Haussermann, 135 Held, 188

Helfrich, 212, 215, 229, 237, 241, 245, 246

Hennig, 178 Henry, 97, 117, 119

Hentschel, 99, 102, 104, 105, in, 113, 123

Herbst, 5, 7, 8, 9, in, 173, 277, 282, 309, 316

Hermsdorf, 183, 205 Heumann, 269 Heyden, 116 Hieber, 50

Hloch, 49

Hoch, 174

Hock, 50

Hoffmann, 70, 166, 170 Hofmann, 69, 74, 92, 271 Hollely, 250

Holmes, 101, 133 Hood, in, 115 Hoogeveen, 174 Hoover, 56

Hopkins, 225, 227,250 Hochst Fabr., 113 Hunnius, 154, 162 Hunt, 285

Hunter, 163, 166, 175, 176

INGOLD, 45, 128, 130

Ipatiev, 278, 300, 310

Ireland, 172, 178

Italien, 54

Ivanov,145

JACKSON, 223, 241, 252

James, 163, 211, 213

Jankovsky, 29

Jastrzebsky, 155

Jaxubovich, 172

Jedlicka, 175

Jobb, 240

Jofmova, 205

Johnson, 236, 240, 277,

279, 286, 289, 319

Jones, 48, 49

Jonescu, 188

344

AUTHOR INDEX

J»rg, 241

Jurecev, 331, 334

KAHN, 59

Kalb, 319

Kamm, 92

Kappelmeyer, 307, 310,

314. 323

Kast, 53

Katscher, 93, 95,108, 255,

257258

Katz, 56

Kekute, 132, 134, 138, 166

Kireev, 66

Kiss, 173, 205

Klason, 211, 213, 214

Klebansky, 71

Klemenc, 46, 189

Klepl, 102

Kling, 69, 74, 82, 83, 87,

99, 105, 108, no, 112

Knoll, 197

Kobert, 42

Kolbe, 173, 174, 213, 214

Kolobaiev, 81

Kolthoff, 204

Komissarov, 72, 261

Korten, 156, 160

K6chling, 269

Kolliker, 87, 335

Kraft, 103, 108, 258, 262

Krauskopf, 80

Krczil, 168, 177

Kremann, 264

Kretov, 81, 88, 89, 170,

176, 200, 241, 243, 245,

283, 292, 301

Kuhlberg, 131

Kumpf, 134, 135

LABAT, 179, 327

Labriola, 145

La Coste, 279, 298, 302

31°. 3H

Lamb, 40, 56, 177

Landolt, 39

Langer, 47

Laqueur, 74

Lauth, 130

Lawrie, 45, 50, 51

Lawson. 230,233, 234, 239

Lebeau, 185

Leitner, n

Lellmann, 160

Lemoult, 50, 51

Lenher, 57

Le Pape, 140

Levaillant, 255, 257, 258

260, 261, 263, 267, 268

Levinstein, 223, 242

Meyer, E., 195

 

 

 

 

Levy, 175

 

 

Meyer, J.,4,13, 23, 67, 74,

Lewin, 144, 237, 244

104, 119, 223, 231, 255,

Lewis, 284, 285, 289, 290,

259,

266, 310, 317

 

 

291, 292, 293, 294, 295,

Meyer, V., 134, 175, 218,

3°8. 3°9, 3!9, 320, 332

220,

221,

222,

 

223,

23°

Libermann, 5, 133, 198, Mez, 82

 

 

 

 

 

 

231, 289,

295,

310, 325 Michael, 128

 

 

 

 

Lieben,

134, 135

 

Michaelis,

35',

297,

 

298,

Liebermann, 273

 

300, 302, 304, 305, 306,

Liebig, 206

 

 

310, 312, 314

 

 

 

 

Lindemann, 135, 147, 176,

Michler, 70

 

 

 

 

 

214, 225, 230, 258, 284,

Mieg, 273, 283, 312

 

 

317

 

 

 

Miller, 293

 

 

 

 

 

Linhard, 185

 

Mills, 166

 

 

 

 

 

 

Linnemann, 149, 150

Mitic, 70, 112

 

 

 

 

Lipmann, 121

 

Mittasch, 48, 49, 50, 56

Litterscheid, 92, 94, 96

Moissan, 187

 

 

 

 

Ljungreen, 54

 

Mond, 47

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ljutkina, 103, 262

Monnot, 89

 

 

 

 

 

Lob, 131, 138

 

Montgomery, 67

 

 

 

Lobry de Bruyn, 144

Mooney, 193

 

 

 

 

Loew, 22

 

 

Moreschi, 91

 

 

 

 

Lustig, 2, 271, 279, 284

Morgan,

303,

304,

 

305,

Luther, 5

 

 

306, 312, 315

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Moureu,

128,

140,

 

141,

MACBETH, 172, 176

142. 143

 

 

 

 

 

Mohlau, 159, 161, 162

Made, 182

 

 

Mulder, 149

 

 

 

 

Madesani, 2, 173, 199, 200

Mumford, 5, 6, 224, 233

Maercker, 132

 

Muntsch, 231

 

 

 

 

Magnus, 74

 

 

Murdoch, in, 115

 

 

Mai, 188

 

 

Muller, E., 232

 

 

 

 

Malachovsky, 58

 

Muller, H., 119

 

 

 

 

Malinovsky, 301, 312

Muller, M., 143, 268

 

 

Mameli, 60

 

 

Muller, U., 37, 96,97, 114,

Mamoli, 221

 

121,

122,

135,

138,

144,

Mann, 229, 232, 233, 235,

160, 161,

194,

199, 200,

284,

291, 294, 296

242,

243, 268, 269, 272,

Mannich, 159, 162

279, 284, 293, 318, 325,

Mark, 197

 

 

326

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marsh, 54

 

 

Myers, 219

 

 

 

 

 

Marshall, 229

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maselli, 92

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Matheson, 159, 162

NAMETKIN, 278, 283, 290,

Matuszak, 71, 86, 87

292,

328

 

 

 

 

 

Mauguin, 189, 208

Naumann, 120, 189

 

 

Mauritz, 162

 

Nef, 53, 58, 76, 104, 122,

Maxim, 250

 

 

144,

149,

189, 201,

203

Mayer, 176, 244

 

Nekrassov,

21, 24, 50, 72,

Mazza, 170

 

 

112,

114, 116, 128, 141,

Mazzucchelli, 62, 67

149, 155I7L 172. I75.

McCombie, 237, 245

178, 194, 196, 201, 240,

McGrath, 283

 

261, 271, 278, 280, 283,

McKee, 260

 

 

286, 289, 290, 292, 328

McKenzie, 315, 316, 317

Nenitzescu,

88, 222, 240,

Melnikov, 67, 72, 112, 113,

244-

245, 274, 303, 315,

116, 170,

172,

176

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AUTHOR

INDEX

 

 

 

345

Nesmejanov, 59

Postovsky, 80

 

Ruff, 57. 164

 

 

Nessler, 83

Power, 302, 303

 

Rusberg, 270

 

 

Nickelson, 237

Prandtl,

58,

77, 78,

79,

Rutz, 164

 

 

 

Nicloux, 55

164

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nielsen, 12, 73

Pratt, 172, 176

 

 

 

 

 

Niemann, 218

Prentiss, 4, 37, 74, 114,

SALZMANN, 120

 

 

Nierenstein, 144, 155

138, 161, 173, 194, 242,

Sammelt, 131

 

 

Nieuwland, 52

258, 269, 279, 284, 289,

Sanger, 326

 

 

Noelting, 131

293- 3°2, 313, 3i8, 326

Sanna, 166

 

 

Norris, 93, 97, 137, 151,

Price, 286, 287, 291, 294,

Sarkar, 100

 

 

3°6, 315, 316

295

 

 

 

Scarlatescu, 240, 244, 245

 

 

Przychocki, 242

 

Schatchard, 248, 252

 

OBERHAUSBR, 193, 209

Puschin, 70, 112

 

Scheele, 33, 181

 

Oberfell, 176

 

 

 

 

Scherlin, 286

 

 

Obermiller, 249

QUICK, 273

 

 

Schifi, 42

 

 

 

Odeen, 225, 241

 

 

 

 

Schmidt, F., 164

 

Offerhaus, 43

RABCEWICZ, 95

 

Schmidt, H., 303

 

Olsen, 82, 84

Radulescu, 167

 

Schmidt, J., 47

 

 

Orton, 167

Radziszevsky, 136, 186

Schmutz, 69, 82, 83, 87

Ostwald, 5

Raiziss, 277, 300, 311

 

Scholl, 76, 156, 160, 176,

Ott, 58

 

Ramsperger, 105, in

 

191

 

 

 

Otto, 256

Raschig, 170

 

 

Schormiiller, 193, 209

Oxford, 228, 238

Rasuvajev, 311, 319, 323,

Schramm,

132,

136, 255,

 

 

324

 

 

 

266

 

 

 

PAGE, 207

Rathke,

171,

211,

212,

Schroter,

225, 246, 248,

Pana, 88

213, 214

 

 

249

 

 

 

Pancenko, 82, 125, 159,

Ray, 148, 155, 172, 177,

Schulze, 138, 259

 

178, 194, 312

178

 

 

 

Schumacher, 57, 75

 

Panting, 182

Redlinger, 250

 

Schfittzenberger, 62

 

Pascal, 223

Redtenbacher, 140

 

Schwen,

273,

311,

312,

Paterno, 60, 62, 67, 73

Reese, 298, 303

 

314315

 

 

Perkin, 119, 121, 130

Regnault, 5, 92, 189

 

Secareanu, 167, 169

 

Perkins, 35, 284, 289, 290,

Reid, 215, 229, 237, 239,

Seide, 324

 

 

293.

294, 332

241, 243, 244

 

Seil, 207

 

 

 

Ferret, 69, 103, 108, 109,

Reimer, 196

 

 

Selinski, 120

 

 

no, in, 116

Renshaw, 286

 

 

Sell, 120, 121, 201

 

Perrot, 69

Renwanz, 231, 242

 

Selle, 53

 

 

 

Pertusi, 205

Reymenant, 154

 

Sennewald, 58, 77, 78, 164

Peters, 227

Rheinheimer, 320, 325,326

Sergeev, 325

 

 

Petrov, 169

Riche, 148, 217

 

Serullas,

189,

190,

191,

Pfeiffer, 38

Rieche, 265

 

 

193. T94

 

 

Philips, 233, 304

Rimarsky, 190

 

Seubert, 194, 195

 

Phillips, 234

Rivat, no, 245, 248,252,

Shimidzu, 194

 

 

Pinkus, 149

3°7

 

 

 

Shiver, 290

 

 

Pittenger, 92

Robertson, 330

 

Short, 132

 

 

Piutti, 165, 170

Rocciu, 148, 152

 

Sieverts,

183,

205,

334,

Plant, 66

Roeder, 298

 

 

335

 

 

 

Pliicker, 73, 114

Rogers, 331

 

 

Simon, 189, 208, 225, 257,

Poggi, 217-

Rohde, 146

 

 

258, 263, 265, 267

 

Ponomarev, 192

Rollefson, 67

 

 

Skrabal, 101

 

 

Pope,

167, 215, 218, 222,

Romijin, 124

 

 

Slator, 122

 

 

223,

228, 229, 230, 232,

Rona, 12, 97, 122, 133,

Slotta, 183, 191

 

233.

235241, 284, 291,

135, 138, 169, 227,243,

Slunesko, 58

 

 

294.

295. 296, 3°3. 3°4,

310

 

 

 

Smith, 125

 

 

Rose, 206

 

 

Smith, F. D., 303

 

305, 306, 309

 

 

 

Popescu, 61

Rosen, 216

 

 

Smith, G. B. L., 148

 

Popiel, 128

Rose, 103, 171

 

Smolczyk, 40, 41, 187, 205

Posner, 146

Ruedel, 176

 

 

Scare, 166

 

 

346

 

AUTHOR

INDEX

 

 

 

Sobieransky, 150, 152

Timmermann, 264

Ward,

154, 161

Sokolovsky, 152

Tiscenko, 92, 96, 100

Ware, 286

Sonay, 94, 96

Trochimovsky, 273

Weber, 305

Speyer, 49

 

Tronov,172

 

Weddige, 100, 103

Spica, 246,247

Trumbull, 167

 

Weidner, 232, 233,242

Sporzynsky, 298

Turner,

283,

285, 303,

Wernlund, 224

Ssytschev,

171

304, 305, 306, 309, 319

West, 67, 272

Staedel, 154,157, 158, 159

 

 

 

 

Weston,

138, 269

Stampe, 56, 249

UEHLINGER, 274,332

Wicke, 43

Staudinger, 59, 68, 79, 80

Uhl, 328, 332

 

Wieland,

76, 223, 280,

Steinkopf,

193, 196, 197,

Ulich, 80

 

 

 

284,

289, 292,293, 295,

215, 219, 229, 243, 255,Ullmann, 263,265

320,

325,326

260, 273,283, 297, 299,Ungar, 236, 237, 245

Wilkendorf, 164

308, 309, 311, 312, 314,

 

 

 

 

Wilkinson, 224

3I5. 3i6

165, 166, 170,

VALDO, 92

 

 

Willcox, 269,273

Stenhouse,

Van der Laan, 133, 139

Williams, 229

174, 176,

179

Van der Sleen, 144

Wilm, 104, 117, 268

Stephen, 93, 96, 132, 219

Vandervelde, 118

Wilson, 192, 225, 227, 228

Stiegler, 285, 292, 295

Vaughn, 52

 

Winkelmann, 5

Stolle, 80

 

Vedder, 13, 223,224, 290,Winkler, 35, 54

Stolzenberg, 102, 105

293

 

135

 

Winokurow, 113

Storm, 41

 

Vedekind,

 

Winterstein, 335

Straus, 45, 94

Ville, 86

 

 

 

Wirth, 4, 74, 231

Strughold, 284

Vining,

303,

304, 305,

Wischin, 104

Studinger, 82

308, 312, 315

 

Wispek, 136

Sturniolo, 314, 316, 317

Vinokurov

(Winokurow),

Witt, 24

 

Suchier, 81

U3

 

 

 

Wolff,

176

Suszko, 155

Vies, 67, 69, 84, 103, 104

Wood, 315

 

 

Volhard, 100

 

Wiirtz, 189

TAFEL, 159, 162

Von Braun, 196

 

 

 

Tanner, 323

Vorlaender, 72

 

YABJLICH, 233, 247, 249

Teichmann, 185

WADDINGTON, 105

Yant, 84, 85

Themme, 225

ZAPPI, 141, 145, 188, 190,

Thiel, 94

 

Wadmore, 190

 

Thimme, 96

Wagner, 152

 

195, 273,278

Thomann, 73, 82

Wald, 197

 

 

Zernik, 226,242,248,313

Thompson,

169, 179, 225

Walker, 186, 227

Zierold, 201

Thorpe, 136

Waller, 205

 

Zitovic, 29

Tiemann, 122

Walton, 308

 

Zoppellari, 259
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