Offi-Guid-TOEFL
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
8LI JEGXSV] GLERKIH XLEX +SSHW TVSHYGIH F] JEGXSVMIW [IVI RSX EW JMRMWLIH SV IP IKERX EW XLSWI HSRI F] LERH ERH TVMHI MR GVEJXWQERWLMT KEZI [E] XS XLI TVIWWYVI XS MRGVIEWI VEXIW SJ TVSHYGXMZMX] 8LI RI[ QIXLSHW SJ HSMRK FYWMRIWW MRZSPZIH E RI[ ERH WXVMGXIV WIRWI SJ XMQI *EGXSV] PMJI RIGIWWMXEXIH E QSVI VIKMQIRXIH WGLIHYPI [LIVI [SVO FIKER EX XLI WSYRH SJ E FIPP ERH [SVOIVW OITX QEGLMRIW KSMRK EX E GSRWXERX TEGI %X XLI WEQI XMQI [SVOIVW [IVI VIUYMVIH XS HMWGEVH SPH LEFMXW JSV MRHYWXVMEPMWQ HIQERHIH E [SVOIV [LS [EW EPIVX HITIRHEFPI ERH WIPJ HMWGMTPMRIH %FWIRXIIMWQ ERH PEXIRIWW LYVX TVSHYGXMZMX] ERH WMRGI [SVO [EW WTIGMEPM^IH HMWVYTXIH XLI VIKYPEV JEGXSV] VSYXMRI -RHYWXVMEPM^EXMSR RSX SRP] TVSHYGIH E JYRHEQIRXEP GLERKI MR XLI [E] [SVO [EW SVKERM^IH MX XVERWJSVQIH XLI ZIV] REXYVI SJ [SVO
8LI JMVWX KIRIVEXMSR XS I\TIVMIRGI XLIWI GLERKIW HMH RSX EHSTX XLI RI[ EXXMXYHIW IEWMP] 8LI JEGXSV] GPSGO FIGEQI XLI W]QFSP SJ XLI RI[ [SVO VYPIW 3RI QMPP [SVOIV [LS JMREPP] UYMX GSQTPEMRIH VIZIEPMRKP] EFSYX qSFIHMIRGI XS XLI HMRK HSRK SJ XLI FIPPhNYWX EW XLSYKL [I EVI WS QER] PMZMRK QEGLMRIW r ;MXL XLI PSWW SJ TIVWSREP JVII HSQ EPWS GEQI XLI PSWW SJ WXERHMRK MR XLI GSQQYRMX] 9RPMOI EVXMWER [SVOWLSTW MR [LMGL ETTVIRXMGIW [SVOIH GPSWIP] [MXL XLI QEWXIVW WYTIVZMWMRK XLIQ JEGXSVMIW WLEVTP] WITEVEXIH [SVOIVW JVSQ QEREKIQIRX *I[ [SVOIVW VSWI XLVSYKL XLI VEROW XS WYTIVZMWSV] TSWMXMSRW ERH IZIR JI[IV GSYPH EGLMIZI XLI EVXMWERtW HVIEQ SJ WIXXMRK YT SRItW S[R FYWMRIWW )ZIR [IPP TEMH [SVOIVW WIRWIH XLIMV HIGPMRI MR WXEXYW
-R XLMW RI[P] IQIVKMRK IGSRSQMG SVHIV [SVOIVW WSQIXMQIW SVKERM^IH XS TVSXIGX XLIMV VMKLXW ERH XVEHMXMSREP [E]W SJ PMJI 'VEJX[SVOIVW WYGL EW GEVTIRXIVW TVMRXIVW ERH XEMPSVW JSVQIH YRMSRW ERH MR MRHMZMHYEP YRMSRW GEQI XSKIXLIV MR XLI 2EXMSREP 8VEHIWt 9RMSR 8LI PEFSV QSZIQIRX KEXLIVIH WSQI QSQIRXYQ MR XLI HIGEHI FIJSVI XLI 4ERMG SJ FYX MR XLI HITVIWWMSR XLEX JSPPS[IH PEFSVtW WXVIRKXL GSPPETWIH (YV MRK LEVH XMQIW JI[ [SVOIVW [IVI [MPPMRK XS WXVMOI SV IRKEKI MR GSPPIGXMZI EGXMSR %RH WOMPPIH GVEJX[SVOIVW [LS WTIEVLIEHIH XLI YRMSR QSZIQIRX HMH RSX JIIP E TEVXMGYPEVP]
83)*0 M&8 6IEHMRK
WXVSRK FSRH [MXL WIQMWOMPPIH JEGXSV] [SVOIVW ERH YRWOMPPIH PEFSVIVW 1SVI XLER E HIGEHI SJ EKMXEXMSR HMH JMREPP] FVMRK E [SVOHE] WLSVXIRIH XS LSYVW XS QSWX MRHYW XVMIW F] XLI tW ERH XLI GSYVXW EPWS VIGSKRM^IH [SVOIVWt VMKLX XS WXVMOI FYX XLIWI KEMRW LEH PMXXPI MQQIHMEXI MQTEGX
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
WXVMOI E WXSTTMRK SJ [SVO XLEX MW SVKERM^IH F] [SVOIVW
&IJSVI QERYJEGXYVMRK MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW LEH FIIR HSRI MR LSQIW SV WLSTW F]
4
%WOMPPIH EVXMWERW %W QEWXIV GVEJX[SVOIVW XLI] MQTEVXIH XLI ORS[PIHKI SJ XLIMV XVEHIW
6 |
XS ETTVIRXMGIW ERH NSYVRI]QIR -R EHHMXMSR [SQIR SJXIR [SVOIH MR XLIMV LSQIW TEVX |
|
% |
||
+ |
XMQI QEOMRK JMRMWLIH EVXMGPIW JVSQ VE[ QEXIVMEP WYTTPMIH F] QIVGLERX GETMXEPMWXW |
|
6 |
||
|
%%JXIV XLMW SPHIV JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK FIKER XS KMZI [E] XS JEGXSVMIW [MXL QE
4
,GLMRIV] XIRHIH F] YRWOMPPIH SV WIQMWOMPPIH PEFSVIVW 'LIET XVERWTSVXEXMSR RIX[SVOW
XLI VMWI SJ GMXMIW ERH XLI EZEMPEFMPMX] SJ GETMXEP ERH GVIHMX EPP WXMQYPEXIH XLI WLMJX XS JEG XSV] TVSHYGXMSR
(MVIGXMSRW 
;LMGL SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK GER FI MRJIVVIH JVSQ XLI TEWWEKI EFSYX EVXMGPIW QERYJEGXYVIH FIJSVI #
8LI] [IVI TVMQEVMP] TVSHYGIH F] [SQIR
8LI] [IVI KIRIVEPP] TVSHYGIH MR WLSTW VEXLIV XLER MR LSQIW
8LI] [IVI TVSHYGIH [MXL QSVI GSRGIVR JSV UYEPMX] XLER JSV WTIIH SJ TVSHYGXMSR
8LI] [IVI TVSHYGIH QSWXP] MR PEVKI GMXMIW [MXL I\XIRWMZI XVERWTSVXEXMSR
RIX[SVOW
83)*0 M&8 6IEHMRK
8LI GVIEXMSR SJ E PEFSV JSVGI XLEX [EW EGGYWXSQIH XS [SVOMRK MR JEGXSVMIW HMH RSX
4
%SGGYV IEWMP] &IJSVI XLI VMWI SJ XLI JEGXSV] EVXMWERW LEH [SVOIH [MXLMR XLI LSQI %T
6 |
TVIRXMGIW [IVI GSRWMHIVIH TEVX SJ XLI JEQMP] ERH QEWXIVW [IVI VIWTSRWMFPI RSX SRP] |
|
% |
||
|
||
+ |
JSV XIEGLMRK XLIMV ETTVIRXMGIW E XVEHI FYX EPWS JSV TVSZMHMRK XLIQ WSQI IHYGEXMSR ERH |
|
6 |
||
|
%JSV WYTIVZMWMRK XLIMV QSVEP FILEZMSV .SYVRI]QIR ORI[ XLEX MJ XLI] TIVJIGXIH XLIMV
4
,WOMPP XLI] GSYPH FIGSQI VIWTIGXIH QEWXIV EVXMWERW [MXL XLIMV S[R WLSTW %PWS WOMPPIH
EVXMWERW HMH RSX [SVO F] XLI GPSGO EX E WXIEH] TEGI FYX VEXLIV MR FYVWXW SJ MRXIRWI PEFSV EPXIVREXMRK [MXL QSVI PIMWYVIP] XMQI
;LMGL SJ XLI WIRXIRGIW FIPS[ FIWX I\TVIWWIW XLI IWWIRXMEP MRJSVQEXMSR MR XLI LMKLPMKLXIH WIRXIRGI MR XLI TEWWEKI# 
ERW[IV GLSMGIW GLERKI XLI QIER MRK MR MQTSVXERX [E]W SV PIEZI SYX IWWIRXMEP MRJSVQEXMSR
4
%
6
%
1EWXIVW HIQERHIH QSVEP FILEZMSV JVSQ ETTVIRXMGIW FYX SJXIR XVIEXIH XLIQ MVVIWTSRWMFP] 8LI VIWTSRWMFMPMXMIW SJ XLI QEWXIV XS XLI ETTVIRXMGI [IRX FI]SRH XLI XIEGLMRK SJ E XVEHI 1EWXIVW TVIJIVVIH XS QEMRXEMR XLI XVEHI [MXLMR XLI JEQMP] F] WYTIVZMWMRK ERH IHYGEXMRK XLI ]SYRKIV JEQMP] QIQFIVW 1EWXIVW [LS XVEMRIH QIQFIVW SJ XLIMV S[R JEQMP] EW ETTVIRXMGIW HIQERHIH I\GIPPIRGI JVSQ XLIQ
8LI JEGXSV] GLERKIH XLEX +SSHW TVSHYGIH F] JEGXSVMIW [IVI RSX EW JMRMWLIH SV IPIKERX EW XLSWI HSRI F] LERH ERH TVMHI MR GVEJXWQERWLMT KEZI [E] XS XLI TVIWWYVI XS MR GVIEWI VEXIW SJ TVSHYGXMZMX] 8LI RI[ QIXLSHW SJ HSMRK FYWMRIWW MRZSPZIH E RI[ ERH WXVMGXIV WIRWI SJ XMQI *EGXSV] PMJI RIGIWWMXEXIH E QSVI VIKMQIRXIH WGLIHYPI [LIVI
+[SVO FIKER EX XLI WSYRH SJ E FIPP ERH [SVOIVW OITX QEGLMRIW KSMRK EX E GSRWXERX
6
%TEGI %X XLI WEQI XMQI [SVOIVW [IVI VIUYMVIH XS HMWGEVH SPH LEFMXW JSV MRHYWXVMEPMWQ
4
,
HIQERHIH E [SVOIV [LS [EW EPIVX HITIRHEFPI ERH WIPJ HMWGMTPMRIH %FWIRXIIMWQ ERH PEXIRIWW LYVX TVSHYGXMZMX] ERH WMRGI [SVO [EW WTIGMEPM^IH HMWVYTXIH XLI VIKYPEV JEGXSV] VSYXMRI -RHYWXVMEPM^EXMSR RSX SRP] TVSHYGIH E JYRHEQIRXEP GLERKI MR XLI [E] [SVO [EW SVKERM^IH MX XVERWJSVQIH XLI ZIV] REXYVI SJ [SVO
8LI [SVH HMWVYTXIH MR XLI TEWWEKI MW GPSWIWX MR QIERMRK XS
TVSPSRKIH
IWXEFPMWLIH
JSPPS[IH
YTWIX
83)*0 M&8 6IEHMRK
4
%
6
8LI JMVWX KIRIVEXMSR XS I\TIVMIRGI XLIWI GLERKIW HMH RSX EHSTX XLI RI[ EXXMXYHIW IEW MP] 8LI JEGXSV] GPSGO FIGEQI XLI W]QFSP SJ XLI RI[ [SVO VYPIW 3RI QMPP [SVOIV [LS JMREPP] UYMX GSQTPEMRIH VIZIEPMRKP] EFSYX qSFIHMIRGI XS XLI HMRK HSRK SJ XLI FIPPh
%NYWX EW XLSYKL [I EVI WS QER] PMZMRK QEGLMRIW r ;MXL XLI PSWW SJ TIVWSREP JVIIHSQ
+ |
EPWS GEQI XLI PSWW SJ WXERHMRK MR XLI GSQQYRMX] 9RPMOI EVXMWER [SVOWLSTW MR [LMGL |
6 |
|
% |
ETTVIRXMGIW [SVOIH GPSWIP] [MXL XLI QEWXIVW WYTIVZMWMRK XLIQ JEGXSVMIW WLEVTP] WIT |
4 |
|
, |
EVEXIH [SVOIVW JVSQ QEREKIQIRX *I[ [SVOIVW VSWI XLVSYKL XLI VEROW XS WYTIVZMWSV] |
|
TSWMXMSRW ERH IZIR JI[IV GSYPH EGLMIZI XLI EVXMWERtW HVIEQ SJ WIXXMRK YT SRItW S[R FYWMRIWW )ZIR [IPP TEMH [SVOIVW WIRWIH XLIMV HIGPMRI MR WXEXYW
-R TEVEKVETL XLI EYXLSV MRGPYHIW |
%PP SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK EVI QIRXMSRIH MR |
XLI UYSXEXMSR JVSQ E QMPP [SVOIV MR |
TEVEKVETL EW GSRWIUYIRGIW SJ XLI |
SVHIV XS |
RI[ W]WXIQ JSV [SVOIVW )<')48 E |
WYTTSVX XLI MHIE XLEX MX [EW HMJJMGYPX |
PSWW SJ |
|
|
JSV [SVOIVW XS EHNYWX XS [SVOMRK MR |
JVIIHSQ |
JEGXSVMIW |
WXEXYW MR XLI GSQQYRMX] |
XS WLS[ XLEX [SVOIVW WSQIXMQIW UYMX |
STTSVXYRMXMIW JSV EHZERGIQIRX |
FIGEYWI SJ XLI PSYH RSMWI QEHI F] |
GSRXEGX EQSRK [SVOIVW [LS [IVI |
JEGXSV] QEGLMRIV] |
RSX QEREKIVW |
EVKYI XLEX GPSGOW HMH RSX LEZI E YWI |
|
JYP JYRGXMSR MR JEGXSVMIW |
|
IQTLEWM^I XLEX JEGXSVMIW [IVI QSWX |
|
WYGGIWWJYP [LIR [SVOIVW VIZIEPIH |
|
XLIMV GSQTPEMRXW |
|
4
%
6
-R XLMW RI[P] IQIVKMRK IGSRSQMG SVHIV [SVOIVW WSQIXMQIW SVKERM^IH XS TVSXIGX XLIMV VMKLXW ERH XVEHMXMSREP [E]W SJ PMJI 'VEJX[SVOIVW WYGL EW GEVTIRXIVW TVMRXIVW ERH XEM PSVW JSVQIH YRMSRW ERH MR MRHMZMHYEP YRMSRW GEQI XSKIXLIV MR XLI 2EXMSREP 8VEHIWt 9RMSR 8LI PEFSV QSZIQIRX KEXLIVIH WSQI QSQIRXYQ MR XLI HIGEHI FIJSVI
%XLI 4ERMG SJ FYX MR XLI HITVIWWMSR XLEX JSPPS[IH PEFSVtW WXVIRKXL GSPPETWIH (YV
+ |
|
6 |
MRK LEVH XMQIW JI[ [SVOIVW [IVI [MPPMRK XS WXVMOI SV IRKEKI MR GSPPIGXMZI EGXMSR %RH |
% |
WOMPPIH GVEJX[SVOIVW [LS WTIEVLIEHIH XLI YRMSR QSZIQIRX HMH RSX JIIP E TEVXMGYPEVP] |
4 |
|
, |
WXVSRK FSRH [MXL WIQMWOMPPIH JEGXSV] [SVOIVW ERH YRWOMPPIH PEFSVIVW 1SVI XLER E |
|
HIGEHI SJ EKMXEXMSR HMH JMREPP] FVMRK E [SVOHE] WLSVXIRIH XS LSYVW XS QSWX MRHYW XVMIW F] XLI tW ERH XLI GSYVXW EPWS VIGSKRM^IH [SVOIVWt VMKLX XS WXVMOI FYX XLIWI KEMRW LEH PMXXPI MQQIHMEXI MQTEGX
8LI TLVEWI KEXLIVIH WSQI QSQIR |
8LI [SVH WTIEVLIEHIH MR XLI TEW |
XYQ MR XLI TEWWEKI MW GPSWIWX MR |
WEKI MW GPSWIWX MR QIERMRK XS |
QIERMRK XS |
PIH |
|
|
QEHI TVSKVIWW |
EGGITXIH |
FIGEQI EGXMZI |
GLERKIH |
GEYWIH GLERKIW |
VIWMWXIH |
GSQFMRIH JSVGIW |
|
83)*0 M&8 6IEHMRK
;LMGL SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK WXEXIQIRXW EFSYX XLI PEFSV QSZIQIRX SJ XLI tW MW WYTTSVXIH F] TEVEKVETL #
-X [EW WYGGIWWJYP HYVMRK XMQIW SJ IGSRSQMG GVMWMW -XW TVMQEV] TYVTSWI [EW XS FIRIJMX YRWOMPPIH PEFSVIVW -X [EW WPS[ XS MQTVSZI GSRHMXMSRW JSV [SVOIVW -X LIPTIH [SVOIVW SJ EPP WOMPP PIZIPW JSVQ E WXVSRK FSRH [MXL IEGL SXLIV
4
%
6
;SVOIVW [IVI YRMXIH MR VIWIRXMRK XLI MRHYWXVMEP W]WXIQ ERH XLIMV PSWW SJ WXEXYW FYX XLI] [IVI HMZMHIH F] IXLRMG ERH VEGMEP ERXEKSRMWQW KIRHIV GSRJPMGXMRK VIPMKMSYW TIV WTIGXMZIW SGGYTEXMSREP HMJJIVIRGIW TSPMXMGEP TEVX] PS]EPXMIW ERH HMWEKVIIQIRXW SZIV
%XEGXMGW *SV XLIQ XLI JEGXSV] ERH MRHYWXVMEPMWQ [IVI RSX EKIRXW SJ STTSVXYRMX] FYX VI
+ |
|
6 |
QMRHIVW SJ XLIMV PSWW SJ MRHITIRHIRGI ERH E QIEWYVI SJ GSRXVSP SZIV XLIMV PMZIW %W |
% |
9RMXIH 7XEXIW WSGMIX] FIGEQI QSVI WTIGMEPM^IH ERH HMJJIVIRXMEXIH KVIEXIV I\XVIQIW SJ |
4 |
|
, |
[IEPXL FIKER XS ETTIEV %RH EW XLI RI[ QEVOIXW GVIEXIH JSVXYRIW JSV XLI JI[ XLI JEG |
|
XSV] W]WXIQ PS[IVIH XLI [EKIW SJ [SVOIVW F] HMZMHMRK PEFSV MRXS WQEPPIV PIWW WOMPPIH XEWOW
8LI EYXLSV MHIRXMJMIW TSPMXMGEP TEVX] PS]EPXMIW ERH HMWEKVIIQIRXW SZIV XEGXMGW EW X[S SJ WIZIVEP JEGXSVW XLEX
IRGSYVEKIH [SVOIVW XS HIQERH LMKLIV [EKIW GVIEXIH HMZMWMSRW EQSRK [SVOIVW GEYWIH [SVO XS FIGSQI QSVI WTI GMEPM^IH MRGVIEWIH [SVOIVWt VIWIRXQIRX SJ XLI MRHYWXVMEP W]WXIQ
8LI [SVH XLIQ MR XLI TEWWEKI VIJIVW XS
[SVOIVW TSPMXMGEP TEVX] PS]EPXMIW HMWEKVIIQIRXW SZIV XEGXMGW EKIRXW SJ STTSVXYRMX]
4
%
6
%
&IJSVI QERYJEGXYVMRK MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW LEH FIIR HSRI MR LSQIW SV WLSTW F] WOMPPIH EVXMWERW %W QEWXIV GVEJX[SVOIVW XLI] MQTEVXIH XLI ORS[PIHKI SJ XLIMV XVEHIW XS ETTVIRXMGIW ERH NSYVRI]QIR -R EHHMXMSR [SQIR SJXIR [SVOIH MR XLIMV LSQIW
+TEVX XMQI QEOMRK JMRMWLIH EVXMGPIW JVSQ VE[ QEXIVMEP WYTTPMIH F] QIVGLERX GETMXEPMWXW
6
%%JXIV XLMW SPHIV JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK FIKER XS KMZI [E] XS JEGXSVMIW [MXL
4
,
QEGLMRIV] XIRHIH F] YRWOMPPIH SV WIQMWOMPPIH PEFSVIVW 'LIET XVERWTSVXEXMSR RIX [SVOW XLI VMWI SJ GMXMIW ERH XLI EZEMPEFMPMX] SJ GETMXEP ERH GVIHMX EPP WXMQYPEXIH XLI WLMJX XS JEGXSV] TVSHYGXMSR
0SSO EX XLI JSYV WUYEVIW ? A XLEX MRHMGEXI [LIVI XLI JSPPS[MRK WIRXIRGI GER FI EHHIH XS XLI TEWWEKI
8LMW RI[ JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK HITIRHIH SR XLI QSZIQIRX SJ KSSHW XS HMWXERX PSGEXMSRW ERH E GIRXVEPM^IH WSYVGI SJ PEFSVIVW
;LIVI [SYPH XLI WIRXIRGI FIWX JMX#
83)*0 M&8 6IEHMRK
&IJSVI QERYJEGXYVMRK MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW LEH FIIR HSRI MR LSQIW SV WLSTW F] WOMPPIH EVXMWERW 8LMW RI[ JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK HITIRHIH SR XLI QSZIQIRX SJ KSSHW XS HMWXERX PSGEXMSRW ERH E GIRXVEPM^IH WSYVGI SJ PEFSVIVW
%W QEWXIV GVEJX[SVOIVW XLI] MQTEVXIH XLI ORS[PIHKI SJ XLIMV XVEHIW XS ETTVIR XMGIW ERH NSYVRI]QIR -R EHHMXMSR [SQIR SJXIR [SVOIH MR XLIMV LSQIW TEVX XMQI QEOMRK JMRMWLIH EVXMGPIW JVSQ VE[ QEXIVMEP WYTTPMIH F] QIVGLERX GETMXEPMWXW
%JXIV XLMW SPHIV JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK FIKER XS KMZI [E] XS JEGXSVMIW [MXL QEGLMRIV] XIRHIH F] YRWOMPPIH SV WIQMWOMPPIH PEFSVIVW 'LIET XVERWTSVXEXMSR RIX[SVOW XLI VMWI SJ GMXMIW ERH XLI EZEMPEFMPMX] SJ GETMXEP ERH GVIHMX EPP WXMQYPEXIH XLI WLMJX XS JEGXSV] TVSHYGXMSR
&IJSVI QERYJEGXYVMRK MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW LEH FIIR HSRI MR LSQIW SV WLSTW F] WOMPPIH EVXMWERW %W QEWXIV GVEJX[SVOIVW XLI] MQTEVXIH XLI ORS[PIHKI SJ XLIMV XVEHIW XS ETTVIRXMGIW ERH NSYVRI]QIR 8LMW RI[ JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK HITIRHIH SR XLI QSZIQIRX SJ KSSHW XS HMWXERX PSGEXMSRW ERH E GIRXVEPM^IH WSYVGI SJ PEFSVIVW -R EHHMXMSR [SQIR SJXIR [SVOIH MR XLIMV LSQIW TEVX XMQI QEOMRK JMRMWLIH EVXMGPIW JVSQ VE[ QEXIVMEP WYTTPMIH F] QIVGLERX GETMXEPMWXW
%JXIV XLMW SPHIV JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK FIKER XS KMZI [E] XS JEGXSVMIW [MXL QEGLMRIV] XIRHIH F] YRWOMPPIH SV WIQMWOMPPIH PEFSVIVW 'LIET XVERWTSVXEXMSR RIX[SVOW XLI VMWI SJ GMXMIW ERH XLI EZEMPEFMPMX] SJ GETMXEP ERH GVIHMX EPP WXMQYPEXIH XLI WLMJX XS JEGXSV] TVSHYGXMSR
&IJSVI QERYJEGXYVMRK MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW LEH FIIR HSRI MR LSQIW SV WLSTW F] WOMPPIH EVXMWERW %W QEWXIV GVEJX[SVOIVW XLI] MQTEVXIH XLI ORS[PIHKI SJ XLIMV XVEHIW XS ETTVIRXMGIW ERH NSYVRI]QIR -R EHHMXMSR [SQIR SJXIR [SVOIH MR XLIMV LSQIW TEVX XMQI QEOMRK JMRMWLIH EVXMGPIW JVSQ VE[ QEXIVMEP WYT TPMIH F] QIVGLERX GETMXEPMWXW 8LMW RI[ JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK HITIRHIH SR XLI QSZIQIRX SJ KSSHW XS HMWXERX PSGEXMSRW ERH E GIRXVEPM^IH WSYVGI SJ PEFSVIVW
%JXIV XLMW SPHIV JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK FIKER XS KMZI [E] XS JEGXSVMIW [MXL QEGLMRIV] XIRHIH F] YRWOMPPIH SV WIQMWOMPPIH PEFSVIVW 'LIET XVERWTSVXEXMSR RIX[SVOW XLI VMWI SJ GMXMIW ERH XLI EZEMPEFMPMX] SJ GETMXEP ERH GVIHMX EPP WXMQYPEXIH XLI WLMJX XS JEGXSV] TVSHYGXMSR
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
83)*0 M&8 6IEHMRK
(MVIGXMSRW 
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8LMW UYIWXMSR MW [SVXL TSMRXW |
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&IJSVI |
i |
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F |
F |
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F |
F |
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F |
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% YRMXIH LMKLP] WYGGIWWJYP PEFSV |
)QTLEWMW [EW TPEGIH SR JSPPS[MRK |
QSZIQIRX XSSO WLETI |
WGLIHYPIW |
;SVOIVW XSSO TVMHI MR XLIMV [SVO |
;SVOIVW [IRX XLVSYKL ER I\XIRWMZI |
QERWLMT |
TIVMSH SJ XVEMRMRK |
8LI MRGSQI KET FIX[IIR XLI VMGL |
*I[ [SVOIVW I\TIGXIH XS S[R XLIMV |
ERH XLI TSSV MRGVIEWIH KVIEXP] |
S[R FYWMRIWWIW |
8VERWTSVXEXMSR RIX[SVOW FIKER XS |
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HIGPMRI |
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46%'8-') 7)8 %27;)67 %2( )<40%2%8-327
8LMW MW ER -RJIVIRGI UYIWXMSR EWOMRK JSV ER MRJIVIRGI XLEX GER FI WYTTSVXIH F] XLI TEWWEKI 8LI GSVVIGX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI q8LI] [IVI TVSHYGIH [MXL QSVI GSRGIVR JSV UYEPMX] XLER JSV WTIIH SJ TVSHYGXMSR r
% RYQFIV SJ WXEXIQIRXW XLVSYKLSYX XLI TEWWEKI WYTTSVX GLSMGI 4EVE KVETL WXEXIW XLEX q&IJSVI QERYJEGXYVMRK MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW LEH FIIR HSRI MR LSQIW SV WLSTW F] WOMPPIH EVXMWERW %JXIV XLMW SPHIV JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK FIKER XS KMZI [E] XS JEGXSVMIW [MXL QEGLMRIV] XIRHIH F] YRWOMPPIH SV WIQMWOMPPIH PEFSVIVW r
4EVEKVETL WXEXIW XLEX q&IJSVI XLI VMWI SJ XLI JEGXSV] WOMPPIH EVXMWERW HMH RSX [SVO F] XLI GPSGO EX E WXIEH] TEGI FYX VEXLIV MR FYVWXW SJ MRXIRWI PEFSV EPXIVREXMRK [MXL QSVI PIMWYVIP] XMQI r
4EVEKVETL WXEXIW q8LI JEGXSV] GLERKIH XLEX +SSHW TVSHYGIH F] JEGXSVMIW [IVI RSX EW JMRMWLIH SV IPIKERX EW XLSWI HSRI F] LERH ERH TVMHI MR GVEJXW QERWLMT KEZI [E] XS XLI TVIWWYVI XS MRGVIEWI VEXIW SJ TVSHYGXMZMX] r
8EOIR XSKIXLIV XLIWI XLVII WXEXIQIRXW EFSYX TVSHYGXMSR VEXIW XLI VMWI SJ JEGXSVMIW EJXIV ERH XLI HIGPMRI SJ GVEJXWQERWLMT EJXIV WYTTSVX XLI MRJIVIRGI XLEX FIJSVI XLI IQTLEWMW LEH FIIR SR UYEPMX] VEXLIV XLER SR WTIIH SJ TVSHYGXMSR %RW[IV GLSMGIW ERH EVI EPP GSRXVEHMGXIH F] XLI TEWWEKI
83)*0 M&8 6IEHMRK
8LMW MW E 7IRXIRGI 7MQTPMJMGEXMSR UYIWXMSR %W [MXL EPP SJ XLIWI MXIQW E WMR KPI WIRXIRGI MR XLI TEWWEKI MW LMKLPMKLXIH
%TTVIRXMGIW [IVI GSRWMHIVIH TEVX SJ XLI JEQMP] ERH QEWXIVW [IVI VIWTSRWMFPI RSX SRP] JSV XIEGLMRK XLIMV ETTVIRXMGIW E XVEHI FYX EPWS JSV TVSZMHMRK XLIQ WSQI IHYGE XMSR ERH JSV WYTIVZMWMRK XLIMV QSVEP FILEZMSV
8LI GSVVIGX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI 'LSMGI GSRXEMRW EPP SJ XLI IWWIRXMEP MRJSV QEXMSR MR XLI LMKLPMKLXIH WIRXIRGI 8LI LMKLPMKLXIH WIRXIRGI I\TPEMRW [L]TEVX SJ XLI JEQMP] ERH LS[ IHYGEXMSR QSVEP FILEZMSV E QEWXIVtW VIWTSRWM FMPMX] [IRX FI]SRH XIEGLMRK E XVEHI 8LI IWWIRXMEP MRJSVQEXMSR MW XLI JEGX XLEX XLI QEWXIVsW VIWTSRWMFMPMX] [IRX FI]SRH XIEGLMRK E XVEHI 8LIVIJSVI GLSMGI GSRXEMRW EPP XLEX MW IWWIRXMEP [MXLSYX GLERKMRK XLI QIERMRK SJ XLI LMKLPMKLXIH
WIRXIRGI
'LSMGI GLERKIW XLI QIERMRK SJ XLI LMKLPMKLXIH WIRXIRGI F] WXEXMRK XLEX
QEWXIVW SJXIR XVIEXIH ETTVIRXMGIW MVVIWTSRWMFP]
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'LSMGI GSRXVEHMGXW XLI IWWIRXMEP QIERMRK SJ XLI LMKLPMKLXIH WIRXIRGI 8LI |
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JEGX XLEX q%TTVIRXMGIW [IVI GSRWMHIVIH TEVX SJ XLI JEQMP] r WYKKIWXW XLEX |
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XLI] [IVI RSX EGXYEP JEQMP] QIQFIVW |
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'LSMGI PMOI GLSMGI GLERKIW XLI QIERMRK SJ XLI LMKLPMKLXIH WIRXIRGI F] |
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HMWGYWWMRK JEQMP] QIQFIVW EW ETTVIRXMGIW |
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8LMW MW E :SGEFYPEV] UYIWXMSR 8LI [SVH FIMRK XIWXIH MW HMWVYTXIH -X MW |
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LMKLPMKLXIH MR XLI TEWWEKI 8LI GSVVIGX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI qYTWIX r 8LI [SVH |
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qYTWIXr LIVI MW YWIH MR XLI GSRXI\X SJ qLYVXMRK TVSHYGXMZMX] r ;LIR WSQIXLMRK |
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MW LYVX SV HEQEKIH MX MW qYTWIX r |
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8LMW MW E *EGXYEP -RJSVQEXMSR UYIWXMSR EWOMRK JSV WTIGMJMG MRJSVQEXMSR XLEX |
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GER FI JSYRH MR TEVEKVETL 8LI GSVVIGX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI qWYTTSVX XLI |
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MHIE XLEX MX [EW HMJJMGYPX JSV [SVOIVW XS EHNYWX XS [SVOMRK MR JEGXSVMIW r 8LI |
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TEVEKVETL FIKMRW F] WXEXMRK XLEX [SVOIVW HMH RSX EHSTX RI[ EXXMXYHIW XS[EVH |
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[SVO IEWMP] ERH XLEX XLI GPSGO W]QFSPM^IH XLI RI[ [SVO VYPIW 8LI EYXLSV |
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TVSZMHIW XLI UYSXEXMSR EW IZMHIRGI SJ XLEX HMJJMGYPX] 8LIVI MW RS MRHMGEXMSR MR |
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XLI TEVEKVETL XLEX [SVOIVW UYMX HYI XS PSYH RSMWI WS GLSMGI MW MRGSVVIGX |
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'LSMGI YWIJYPRIWW SJ GPSGOW MW GSRXVEHMGXIH F] XLI TEVEKVETL 8LI JEGXSV] |
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GPSGO [EW qYWIJYP r FYX [SVOIVW LEXIH MX 'LSMGI [SVOIVW GSQTPEMRXW EW E |
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GEYWI SJ E JEGXSV]tW WYGGIWW MW RSX HMWGYWWIH MR XLMW TEVEKVETL |
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8LMW MW E 2IKEXMZI *EGXYEP -RJSVQEXMSR UYIWXMSR EWOMRK JSV WTIGMJMG MRJSV |
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QEXMSR XLEX GER FI JSYRH MR TEVEKVETL 'LSMGI qGSRXEGX EQSRK [SVOIVW |
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[LS [IVI RSX QEREKIVW r MW XLI GSVVIGX ERW[IV 8LI TEVEKVETL I\TPMGMXP] GSR |
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XVEHMGXW XLMW F] WXEXMRK XLEX qJEGXSVMIW WLEVTP] WITEVEXIH [SVOIVW JVSQ QER |
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EKIQIRX r 8LI TEVEKVETL I\TPMGMXP] WXEXIW XLEX [SVOIVW PSWX GLSMGI |
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JVIIHSQ GLSMGI WXEXYW MR XLI GSQQYRMX] ERH GLSMGI STTSVXYRMXMIW |
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JSV EHZERGIQIRX MR XLI RI[ W]WXIQ WS XLSWI GLSMGIW EVI EPP MRGSVVIGX |
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8LMW MW E :SGEFYPEV] UYIWXMSR 8LI TLVEWI FIMRK XIWXIH MW qKEXLIVIH WSQI |
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QSQIRXYQ r -X MW LMKLPMKLXIH MR XLI TEWWEKI 8LI GSVVIGX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI |
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qQEHI TVSKVIWW r 8S qKEXLIV QSQIRXYQr QIERW XS EHZERGI [MXL MRGVIEWMRK |
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WTIIH |
83)*0 M&8 6IEHMRK
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8LMW MW E :SGEFYPEV] UYIWXMSR 8LI [SVH FIMRK XIWXIH MW WTIEVLIEHIH -X MW |
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LMKLPMKLXIH MR XLI TEWWEKI 8LI GSVVIGX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI qPIH r 8LI LIEH SJ |
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E WTIEV PIEHW XLI VIWX SJ XLI WTIEV WS XLI GVEJXW[SVOIVW [LS qWTIEVLIEHIHr |
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XLMW QSZIQIRX PIH MX |
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8LMW MW E *EGXYEP -RJSVQEXMSR UYIWXMSR EWOMRK JSV WTIGMJMG MRJSVQEXMSR XLEX |
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GER FI JSYRH MR TEVEKVETL 8LI GSVVIGX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI q-X [EW WPS[ XS |
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MQTVSZI GSRHMXMSRW JSV [SVOIVW r 8LI TEVEKVETL WXEXIW q1SVI XLER E HIGEHI |
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SJ EKMXEXMSR HMH JMREPP] FVMRK E [SVOHE] WLSVXIRIH XS LSYVW XS QSWX MRHYW |
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XVMIW F] XLI tW ERH XLI GSYVXW EPWS VIGSKRM^IH [SVOIVWt VMKLX XS WXVMOI FYX |
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XLIWI KEMRW LEH PMXXPI MQQIHMEXI MQTEGX r 8LMW WXEXIQIRX I\TPMGMXP] WYTTSVXW |
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GLSMGI %PP XLVII SXLIV GLSMGIW EVI GSRXVEHMGXIH F] XLI TEVEKVETL |
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8LMW MW E *EGXYEP -RJSVQEXMSR UYIWXMSR EWOMRK JSV WTIGMJMG MRJSVQEXMSR |
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EFSYX E TEVXMGYPEV TLVEWI MR XLI TEWWEKI 8LI TLVEWI MR UYIWXMSR MW LMKL |
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PMKLXIH MR XLI TEWWEKI 8LI GSVVIGX ERW[IV MW GLSMGI qGVIEXIH HMZMWMSRW |
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EQSRK [SVOIVW r 8LI TEVEKVETL WXEXIW IQTLEWMW EHHIH q XLI] [SVOIVW |
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[IVI HMZMHIH F] IXLRMG ERH VEGMEP ERXEKSRMWQW KIRHIV GSRJPMGXMRK VIPMKMSYW |
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TIVWTIGXMZIW SGGYTEXMSREP HMJJIVIRGIW TSPMXMGEP TEVX] PS]EPXMIW ERH HMWEKVII |
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QIRXW SZIV XEGXMGW r 7S qTSPMXMGEP TEVX] PS]EPXMIW ERH HMWEKVIIQIRXW SZIV XEG |
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XMGWr EVI I\TPMGMXP] WXEXIH EW X[S GEYWIW SJ HMZMWMSR EQSRK [SVOIVW 8LI SXLIV |
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GLSMGIW EVI RSX WXEXIH ERH EVI MRGSVVIGX |
8LMW MW E 6IJIVIRGI UYIWXMSR 8LI [SVH FIMRK XIWXIH MW XLIQ -X MW LMKL PMKLXIH MR XLI TEWWEKI 8LMW MW E WMQTPI TVSRSYR VIJIVIRX MXIQ 8LI [SVH XLIQ
MR XLMW WIRXIRGI VIJIVW XS XLSWI TISTPI XS [LSQ qXLI JEGXSV] ERH MRHYWXVMEPMWQ [IVI RSX EKIRXW SJ STTSVXYRMX] FYX VIQMRHIVW SJ XLIMV PSWW SJ MRHITIRHIRGI ERH E QIEWYVI SJ GSRXVSP SZIV XLIMV PMZIW r 'LSMGI q;SVOIVW r MW XLI SRP] GLSMGI XLEX VIJIVW XS XLMW X]TI SJ TIVWSR WS MX MW XLI GSVVIGX ERW[IV
8LMW MW ER -RWIVX 8I\X UYIWXMSR =SY GER WII XLI JSYV FPEGO WUYEVIW MR TEVE KVETL XLEX VITVIWIRX XLI TSWWMFPI ERW[IV GLSMGIW LIVI
&IJSVI QERYJEGXYVMRK MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW LEH FIIR HSRI MR LSQIW SV WLSTW F] WOMPPIH EVXMWERW %W QEWXIV GVEJX[SVOIVW XLI] MQTEVXIH XLI ORS[PIHKI SJ XLIMV XVEHIW XS ETTVIRXMGIW ERH NSYVRI]QIR -R EHHMXMSR [SQIR SJXIR [SVOIH MR XLIMV LSQIW TEVX XMQI QEOMRK JMRMWLIH EVXMGPIW JVSQ VE[ QEXIVMEP WYTTPMIH F] QIVGLERX GETMXEPMWXW
%JXIV XLMW SPHIV JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK FIKER XS KMZI [E] XS JEGXSVMIW [MXL QEGLMRIV] XIRHIH F] YRWOMPPIH SV WIQMWOMPPIH PEFSVIVW 'LIET XVERWTSVXEXMSR RIX [SVOW XLI VMWI SJ GMXMIW ERH XLI EZEMPEFMPMX] SJ GETMXEP ERH GVIHMX EPP WXMQYPEXIH XLI WLMJX XS JEGXSV] TVSHYGXMSR
8LI WIRXIRGI TVSZMHIH q8LMW RI[ JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK HITIRHIH SR XLI QSZIQIRX SJ KSSHW XS HMWXERX PSGEXMSRW ERH E GIRXVEPM^IH WSYVGI SJ PEFSVIVW r MW FIWX MRWIVXIH EX WUYEVI 8LI MRWIVXIH WIRXIRGI VIJIVW I\TPMGMXP] XS qE RI[ JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRK r 8LMW qRI[ JSVQ SJ QERYJEGXYVMRKr MW XLI SRI QIR XMSRIH MR XLI WIRXIRGI TVIGIHMRK WUYEVI qJEGXSVMIW [MXL QEGLMRIV] XIRHIH F] YRWOMPPIH SV WIQMWOMPPIH PEFSVIVW r 8LI MRWIVXIH WIRXIRGI XLIR I\TPEMRW XLEX XLMW RI[ W]WXIQ HITIRHIH SR qXLI QSZIQIRX SJ KSSHW XS HMWXERX PSGEXMSRW
83)*0 M&8 6IEHMRK
ERH E GIRXVEPM^IH WSYVGI SJ PEFSVIVW r 8LI WIRXIRGI XLEX JSPPS[W WUYEVI KSIW SR XS WE] q'LIET XVERWTSVXEXMSR RIX[SVOW XLI VMWI SJ GMXMIW ERH XLI EZEMPEFMP MX] SJ GETMXEP ERH GVIHMX EPP WXMQYPEXIH XLI WLMJX XS JEGXSV] TVSHYGXMSR r 8LYW XLI MRWIVXIH WIRXIRGI GSRXEMRW VIJIVIRGIW XS FSXL XLI WIRXIRGI FIJSVI WUYEVIERH XLI WIRXIRGI EJXIV WUYEVI 8LMW MW RSX XVYI SJ ER] SJ XLI SXLIV TSWWMFPI MRWIVX TSMRXW WS WUYEVI MW XLI GSVVIGX ERW[IV
8LMW MW E *MPP MR E 8EFPI UYIWXMSR -X MW GSQTPIXIH GSVVIGXP] FIPS[ 8LI GSVVIGX GLSMGIW JSV XLI q&IJSVI r GSPYQR EVI ERH 'LSMGIW ERH FIPSRK MR XLI q i r GSPYQR 'LSMGIW ERH WLSYPH RSX FI YWIH MR IMXLIV GSPYQR
(MVIGXMSRW 
8LMW UYIWXMSR MW [SVXL TSMRXW
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&IJSVI |
i |
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F ;SVOIVW XSSO TVMHI MR |
F 8LI MRGSQI KET FIX[IIR XLI VMGL |
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XLIMV [SVOQERWLMT |
ERH XLI TSSV MRGVIEWIH KVIEXP] |
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F ;SVOIVW [IRX XLVSYKL ER |
F )QTLEWMW [EW TPEGIH SR JSPPS[MRK |
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I\XIRWMZI TIVMSH SJ XVEMRMRK |
WGLIHYPIW |
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F *I[ [SVOIVW I\TIGXIH XS S[R XLIMV |
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S[R FYWMRIWWIW |
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% YRMXIH LMKLP] WYGGIWWJYP PEFSV |
)QTLEWMW [EW TPEGIH SR JSPPS[MRK |
QSZIQIRX XSSO WLETI |
WGLIHYPIW |
;SVOIVW XSSO TVMHI MR XLIMV [SVO |
;SVOIVW [IRX XLVSYKL ER I\XIRWMZI |
QERWLMT |
TIVMSH SJ XVEMRMRK |
8LI MRGSQI KET FIX[IIR XLI VMGL |
*I[ [SVOIVW I\TIGXIH XS S[R XLIMV |
ERH XLI TSSV MRGVIEWIH KVIEXP] |
S[R FYWMRIWWIW |
8VERWTSVXEXMSR RIX[SVOW FIKER XS |
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HIGPMRI |
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'LSMGI q;SVOIVW XSSO TVMHI MR XLIMV [SVOQERWLMTr FIPSRKW MR XLI q&IJSVIr GSPYQR FIGEYWI MX MW QIRXMSRIH MR XLI TEWWEKI EW SRI SJ XLI GLEVEGXIV MWXMGW SJ PEFSV FIJSVI
'LSMGI q8LI MRGSQI KET FIX[IIR XLI VMGL ERH XLI TSSV MRGVIEWIH KVIEXP]r FIPSRKW MR XLI q i r GSPYQR FIGEYWI MX MW QIRXMSRIH MR XLI TEWWEKI EW SRI SJ XLI GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW SJ WSGMIX] XLEX IQIVKIH MR XLI TIVMSH FIX[IIR ERH
'LSMGI q)QTLEWMW [EW TPEGIH SR JSPPS[MRK WGLIHYPIWr FIPSRKW MR XLI q ir GSPYQR FIGEYWI MX MW QIRXMSRIH MR XLI TEWWEKI EW SRI SJ XLI GLEVEGXIV MWXMGW SJ PEFSV MR XLI JEGXSV] W]WXIQ XLEX IQIVKIH FIX[IIR ERH