focus_on_informatics

6)Do you think it is possible for any company to become a paperless office? Are there any industries where paper documentation is indispensable?

2. Whichof the following statements are true? Correct the false ones:

1)The ability of a system to design a file hierarchy remains a very important factor even if a DMShas robustsearch functionality.

2)Only IT-related staff is able to use a DMS system to its fullest potential.

3)In a decent DMS system a special field should be provided where you can input data on how long a documentis to be retained.

4)An intensive ITtraining course should be provided to all the office staff on the first day after installing a DMS and it should take as much time as it is necessary for everybody to become familiar with the system.

5)A survey should be carried out four times a year to check employees’ familiarity with the system.

3. Topic fordiscussion:

Youaremanagersofabigcompany.Divideintwogroups.Thefirstgroup

will speak in favor of using a DMSsystem in the office. The other group

will oppose, speaking of possible disadvantages.

Section IV (The Internet)

Text 14. Modern Uses of the Internet

The Internet is a globalsystem of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and

other technologies. The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW)and the infrastructure tosupport electronic mail.In addition it supports popular services such as online chat, file transfer and file sharing, gaming, commerce, social networking, publishing, video on demand, and teleconferencing and telecommunications. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications allowperson-to-personcommunicationviavoice and video.

The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s when the United States funded research projects of its military agencies to build robust, faulttolerant and distributed computer networks. This research and a period of civilian funding of a new U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation spawned worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies and led to the commercialization of an international network in the mid 1990s, and resulted in the following popularization of countless applications in virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2009, an estimated quarter of Earth's population uses the services of the Internet.

The Internet is allowing greater flexibility in working hours and location, especially with the spread of unmetered high-speed connections and web applications.

The Internet can now be accessed almost anywhere by numerous means, especially through mobile Internet devices. Mobile phones, datacards, handheld game consoles and cellular routers allow users to connect to the Internet from anywhere there is a wireless network supporting that device's technology. Within the limitations imposed by small screens and other limited facilities of such pocket-sized devices, services of the Internet, including email and the web, may be available. Service providers may restrict the services offered and wireless data transmission charges may be significantly higher than other access methods.

The Internet has also become a large market for companies; some of the biggest companies today have grown by taking advantage of the efficient nature of low-cost advertising and commerce through the Internet, also known as e-commerce. It is the fastest way to spread information to a vast number of people simultaneously. The Internet has also subsequently revolutionized shopping—for example; a person can order a CD online and receive it in the mail within a couple of days, or download it directly in some cases. The Internet has also greatly facilitated personalized marketing which allows a company to market a product to a specific person or a specific group of people more so

than any other advertising medium. Examples of personalized marketing include online communities such as MySpace, Friendster, Orkut, Facebook and others which thousands of Internet users join to advertise themselves and make friends online. Many of these users are young teens and adolescents ranging from 13 to 25 years old. In turn, when they advertise themselves they advertise interests and hobbies, which online marketing companies can use as information as to what those users will purchase online, and advertise their own companies' products to those users.

The low cost and nearly instantaneous sharing of ideas, knowledge, and skills has made collaborative work dramatically easier, with the help of collaborative software.Not only can a groupcheaply communicate and share ideas, but the wide reach of the Internet allows such groups to easily form in the first place. An example of this is the free software movement, which has produced, among other programs, Linux, Mozilla Firefox, and OpenOffice.org. Internet "chat", whether in the form of IRC chat rooms or channels, or via instant messaging systems, allow colleagues to stay in touch in a very convenient way when working at their computers during the day. Messages can be exchanged even more quickly and conveniently than via e-mail. Extensions to these systems may allow files to be exchanged, "whiteboard" drawings to be shared or voice and video contact between teammembers.

Version control systems allow collaborating teams to work on shared sets of documents without either accidentally overwriting each other's work or having members wait until they get "sent" documents to be able to make their contributions. Business and project teams can share calendars as well as documents and other information. Such collaboration occurs in a wide variety of areas including scientific research, software development, conference planning, political activism and creative writing. Social and political collaboration is also becoming more widespread as both Internet access and computer literacy grow. From the flash mob 'events' of the early 2000s to the use of social networking in the 2009 Iranian election protests, the Internet allows people to work together more effectively and in many more ways than was possible without it.

The Internet allows computer users to remotely access other computers and information stores easily, wherever they may be across the world. They may do this with or without the use of security, authentication and encryption technologies, depending on the requirements. This is encouraging new ways of working from home, collaboration and information sharing in many industries.

1)The World Wide Web is a global system of interconnected computer networks.

2)The Internet supports file transfer and file sharing.

3)Voice over Internet Protocol applications allow gaming, commerce and publishing.

4)Worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies led to the popularization of countless applications.

5)With the spread of unmetered high-speed connections the Internet is allowing greater flexibility in working hours and location.

6)The Internet can now be accessed anywhere where there is a wireless network.

7)The Internet has revolutionized shopping and e-commerce.

8)Young teens and adolescents advertise themselves and make friends online.

9)It has become difficult to work collaboratively.

5. Answer the followingquestions:

1)Why is theInternet called a “network ofnetworks”?

2)What are the main functions of the Internet?

3)When did the history of the Internetstart?

4)How can theNet be accessed?

5)What is e-commerce?

6)What are advantages of the Internet for companies and private individuals?

7)Why has collaborative software become extremely popular among people and organizations?

8)What are the new ways of working fromhome via the Internet?

Text 15. The Web

Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web (or just the Web) interchangeably, but, as discussed earlier, the two terms are not synonymous. The World Wide Web is a global set of documents, images and other resources, referenced and interconnected by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and hyperlinks. These URLs allow users to address the web servers and

other devices that store these resources and access them as required using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). HTTP is only one of the communication protocols used on the Internet. Web services may also use HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and data.

Software products that can access the resources of the Web are often called user agents. In normal use, web browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Apple Safari, and Google Chrome, let users navigate from one web page to another via hyperlinks. Documents on the web may contain any combination of computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content including games, office applications and scientific demonstrations. Through keyword-driven Internet research using search engines like Yahoo! and Google, users worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to printed encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide Web has enabled a sudden and extreme decentralization of information and data.

Using the Web, it is also easier than ever before for individuals and organizations to publish ideas and information to a potentially large audience. Publishing a web page, a blog, or building a website involves little initial cost and many cost-free services are available. Publishing and maintaining large, professional web sites with attractive, diverse and up-to-date information is still a difficult and expensive proposition, however. Many individuals and some companies and groups use web logs or blogs, which are largely used as easily updatable online diaries. Some commercial organizations encourage staff to communicate advice in their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert knowledge and free information, and be attracted to the corporation as a result. One example of this practice is Microsoft, whose product developers publish their personal blogs in order to pique the public's interest in their work. Collections of personal web pages published by large service providers remain popular, and have become increasingly sophisticated. Whereas operations such as Angelfire and GeoCities have existed since the early days of the Web, newer offerings from, for example, Facebook

reference – приводить в качестве ссылки, давать ссылку search engine – поисковая система

social network – сеть социальных связей

sophisticated – сложный, замысловатый, усовершенствованный

URL (Uniform Resource Locator) – унифицированный указатель информационного ресурса

user agent – агент пользователя, пользовательский посредник

wiki (wikiwiki) – веб-сайт, содержание которого посетитель может редактировать

Exercises:

1.Without looking at the article, try to complete the expressions below. Use the clues in brackets to help you. Then look at the article to check your answers:

1)to share and exchange business logic and d … (information) (paragraph 1)

2)to na … from one web page to another via hyperlink (to move around a website or between websites) (paragraph 2)

3)to contain combination of computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video, mu … and interactive content (using a combination of moving and still pictures, sound, music and words, especially in computers or entertainment) (paragraph 2)

4)to have easy, instant ac … to a vast and diverse amount of online information (the right to use or look at something) (paragraph2)

5)to en … a sudden and extreme decentralization of information and data (to make something possible) (paragraph 2)

6)to pu … ideas and information to a potentially large audience (to make information available to people) (paragraph 3)

7)to involve little initial cost and many cost-free services are av … (able to be bought or used) (paragraph 3)