Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Том 3

.pdf
Скачиваний:
11
Добавлен:
31.03.2015
Размер:
1.75 Mб
Скачать

. . 3 " 7, .; . .5. ", . . ., . ( « ! »)

-

!! # #"$&*% # # > $-A C # " # - " " (' ) $# ? " % " @= % # "& # "- 8 C $#% " . " ? A ?& " # / 8 &&- C##, #% " C 8 / A C 8 " *@ # >" #8 8$ - >8 $# & 8. " >8# # 8# ' 8 # $8>E- & " # & @ " !#%# " $& =# C % & C# " # C C , !#%# " $& & # A& 8 $/ # $& "- & > E& . "$&*% # > " " $% & &* % # &* "A 8# * $ , # # * & C# " @ A!!- # " * $#% " C $"" .

' / ? $& C " "& @= & C# " " 8 : - =# C %> 8$& #&* C $#% " " >" #8 8$>8 $# & 8 $& * &-#% & > ? # $C C $, >/, " @ *, ? $*" $& !# # @ ?# & $& # A& # " / # $& / A C##. D #- A 8# " / # % # A& # " A C# # " &* , . . 8-#"$&*% *" " ?" > >, 8 ?> * $8 8 - . < " & > " >, ? #8> & $? C A& 8 " 8> # % ($& / ? & " 8 && C# " / $# '<, &- #% \ , " 8 = " # " $"& @=#8 >? 8 $/ ?# > #$ <). $# > ? " # >? C # "$ - " ? " = " & # " # # " # / A& # " / " *@.

< # " % # $& / & C# " / " 8> $%- , #"$&*% ' , $& * A& # " @ # $& @ A C## # #"- $&*% * # & " ?" > # & &@?> C# & /. $8 % # &* "A 8# * $ # #%? # *" «E # » - $# & & #/. "$&*% $, $& >/ "#" 8> #"$# &* C & # $# # #% $8>E& C ? $/ ?# >, 8 ? "$# * $8>E& $ $# # (# &@? C C C $?#- & ) $& / A C# /, $#8 , ' # & C# " # >. #8 ? % 8, $& " &>/ 8 >/ 8$& ", "$" ? >/ ? "- $# * $& 8 # A& # " / A C# / " 8 $ $# # , # > $?# & /.

121

. ." , .; . . . , . . ., . ( « ! »)

" C E #/ * #% # > ?> > (€) - & " / #% #? & > # " " =# $?& 8, %- C# C " " # "@ $& & 8. < 8#8 " 8#- &* C " C C ? % # €, % # &* 8 " # "& " C 8 ! & C# " #/ " " #%-% ? % # @= /" - &* " # & .

'>" 8$> 8 > #% ## €, # " #C # , $# % # C %#!# # , & @ " " 8 / $C ""# / &* # / % #@.

'% ? > 8 @ " $% E / C %#!# ## # ?& $# &* / " # # € " &*@ #%Š # $& % > 8$ - : $ , " & # 8 && . 8$# # $% & 8 % # &* " # * " > >? " # $& # * A- 8# " @ >C # C #"$&*% # $& % > 8$. < % % #"#8 " # $& / "$" ? " # # 8 ! & C# " C " " $# #% & ## A # 8$.

""8 # 8 " $% & #%# * € # $& #- &* $& # * > $& % > $>, # C >/ C %, $C >/ $ # % & (E& ), > 8 #"$&*% * " # C "> * .

< & 8>/ C >/ C % #"$&*% " # > $C- & & > ? # $ # $C % . % # &* " * C % " " " ?" > & C# " # >, # $ - C # $" E € (" " # >8 #"$# 8 & C#), $& # $ - C C $. “ " * $ " " C %#!# #@.

'? > ?> $#% > " >, &*@ > " & $ - & # $#8 &* C A!!# # " % Ÿ, $& 8 C C %#!# #@ €. < & > C !# " # % #"#8 " # " > - #" # C C C % A!!# # " % .

D& % 8 # *, & C# >" 8$/ $8 / C %#!# ## #8 ? &*E#/ $# & A!! # / ? >, 8 $"" $# % , ? "& & >" / 8$/ $"" , $# $& / "# / C& " =# = " "# # " #/ C @ #/ C %, $& # 8 ? % C C # " C E& .

122

$.$. / " , .; . . . ", . . ., . ( « ! »)

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0,2

200 %

\ &* #""& # — % %8 " # $#% " A& A- C## % > " , #"$&*% @=# ?#$ . '>? > !#- "# > % # 8 = " # — 200 ' ; 2, 20 # 200 ' ; $ 8 #% # ""8 > # > > ? # A& A C## $" & >8> ? # 8 # " # &* #" # " & $& C 8 / 8 = " # $ %8 # " # #/ # " ? " #8 " # A&- # " / A C## $# % 8 " $8 " #.

""8 > #? & "$" > $?# > C C >, C- % ?# > # 8# C % ?# > " #, #C C "C # ( 'D) # " # ? % C # " C # & # (ORC- " #) # % > " # # !#C # , # $C- % > " ##, ORC-" #, ! # # @=# #8 #- % ## $& > > &$> C % 'D # 8# ?# > "#" 8.C % ?# > C C > # 'D ? @ ? # 8, ? C % ? % 8 $ , & C %#!# ## " > ?>& % /- " C % C (C %#!# ).

""& # $% , " # % # "$" # & C#/ > # " ? " #8 " # $& 8 / A& A C## #? & $# &- &* >8# >/ 8 8 & @ " 8 = " # 2 20 ' . < # A 8 % " A!! # " * " #C # $ — $#8 , $"& #C- & / C "C # # 8# ?# > "#" 8 A 8# " # >- C %$" * ORC-" # & #% ## $& > =# C % .

"$&*% # ?#$ ""8 # " &* & C# " / &* >8 ? & " 8 CO2, # ? &* >/ "$" ? $#% "$& # A& oA C##. ? " $>E # 8 #"$8$ , C& ? &* >8 $ $& # 8.

'""## ?&@ " # &* " 8# &* C " " > A C " "> (" 2000 $ 2010 C. " #8 " * $# C C % $ - & "* ? & 8 5 %, C& — ? & 8 , 8 % — 2,5 % ), "& &* , # > ? > 8> # " A& A C#@ # $& .

'$#8 8 #""& ## " & $ $> # * # " # #- @ $# & &* " * % # $? > ?Š " % >8# A& # " #8# 8 = " 8# # " $#8 # 8 % > & C#/.

123

$.$. / " , . . 3 " 7, 3; - . . ", . . ., .; .5. ", . . ., . ( « ! »)

& C# " # $?& 8> " " $ " 8 >8 &- " 8. '"& " # A C & $" " % # &* # C $- .

' — # #% #? & $"$# > #" # A C##. '- $> , C %$"> * #. '-> , " # # # 8 "- "> 3 % ? &*E $& / A C##, 8 ? %# ( ? %# — 47,3 / C, — 141,8 / C). '-*# , $"" C "C # ? % @ " E* $> #" #& / >, A & C#@. & " $&@" 8, & > $& # &* > C # #/ $ " # C #% ## $"" " #C # $&- & C# " # " .

""8 #8 " = " @=# "$" ?> $& # . # #- >/ 8 — " $8 =*@ A& #8# " C %& # >. $#- 8 , $" >"$#% # &* " /" & %& # > # #%C & # #% $8 C # # C A& % "-A& , %> 8 >8 C 8. < # ## - > " $# " %8 " * #" &@ # * ? #8 " * #"$&*% # 8 > A C " . C / 8 % &@ " C $ > 8$> 3000—3500 C, $# / 8 & & > " 8$#% &* %Š # # " # #"& . ? "$" ? $& * #% > $ , 8 #% $# C C % .

$# >/ C % , 8 > %& # > " E- " @ " . ' &* > "& # " / " >C $& * " $ - 8 =*@ A& % , $#8 > ">, C #8 " E # E A& A C# .

#8 ? % 8, $# $& / % ## A C # $& $#E " " $8>E& > $ $# #/. D A / &*@ $& C " "& @= & C# " " 8 : > ? > 8 &*- # >8 #" # 8 A C## A& # " ? #"$&*% *" " /" 8 & A& #8# " C %& # > (A& % 8). < "& $? # # $# &* / $C # $ 8 "& # * #" # 8 A C## % ? % > $& # " # " . ' " " #, / ? $& C " $?- >/ #% $# & $C "> * $/ &. %8 > &*- # > # >, $#8 C / >/ & & 88 &*- ?> C % /" # .$.

124

. . " ", .; . . . " ", . . ., . ( 58 *. 5. . " , '. ' ' )

< " ?= #@ '" 8# / "" # ## " (World Steel Association) 8# >$& " 2011 C. " " #& 1,527 8& # #8 " / #- @ #@ " [1].

'" $#% #8 " &* &* 8 A$ $# % # @ ! % $# 8$ 1600 °D # $# & ## > & $ 1400 / $& >. '" A >"$# &* $& # / " $? % " #%$# &* @ $& & @= / >, -#"$&*% " & & # #" &% 8 E# > $> C * ( F). & @= ? * #% # # & 8$ (25—35 °D) #%-% $" " # & # " & / " " # " #" &% # C $C . #8 ? % 8, " $& # / " " 8 8 A$ $# " # " ? % % .

% " E # $ #% ## $& > # / " " $#8 #- 8 # 8 & " C $& "# & ("$& D-13) [2]. " % 8 # *, % # C "$" ? " # % # A C # # - " "& #%-% >" C 8$C $# & C C$& "# & (1540 °D) — ? " # # # &* $# #$& C ? # # 8 >.

< & C " % * " &* 8 "& 8# "$& D-13 # $#- * 8$>/ $# & $& "# & # " # ? " / ?& " # ( 320 540 °D). ?Š " # 8 C E # " & , 8 / $8>E& " # " = " @ $C > [3], =# " " 8 > A C # " # " , > ? @ "$& D- 13 #8 A / 8$/ ?& " #. "$&*% # A C ?- # " &$& #&* > % " %8 " * $& # * $C >/ $ & > ? # A& A C##.

#8 ? % 8, $& # / " 8 " * #" # 8 A&- # " / A C## # $% $& # * " / > % 8 / "- , " 8 < $?# C # & 40 %, $ 155 '· A& #- " / A C##.

0 +

1.http://worldsteel.org/media-centre/press-releases/2012/2011-world-crude-steel- production.html

2.# . ., % .. ’# " &*. "$&*% # $& > # " " % . — C # C " , , 2006.— 147 ".

3.D * .. '>" 8$> $& "# : ?. & % . — 2- #% ., $?. # $. — .; .: "A C #% , 1962. — 424 ".

125

. . , . . O" " , . . , 3; . #. . 5 ", . . ., . ( 5! , '. " " )

!

'> & # 8 &* > " 8$C $& $#& "* & " # $& " / " ## & # # 8 *E # $- &$* $& #% > $" /. & A C $#8 "- # &* $" / # E >/ $& #% IRISYS 1011. '> & >/ - 8 &*-$C >/ " !# "# &" # " #8 : $& #- %# C # ! C !# " C .

' $& #%# C " #8 # " $ " 8 &* / 8$/, ! C !# " 8 " #8 A 8 " ? % & %- >8 & % & 8 (p#". 1).

'> >:

1.% ? 8 # $#8 # $& #% IRISYS 1011 8- $& " < .

2.< & > $& #%# > # ! C !# " # " #8 # " " / & # $# " 8 &* >8# 8$8#, > $% & @ $& # * 8 # $# " # # $&$* $" 8#.

. 1. 1 # ? * !- -V +* *

126

. . " , .; . . . ", . . ., . ( « ! »)

? "$# A C " " 8# " = / $8>E& " # ""## - & " #8 #% "& #/ $>E # " #% # " & # " >.% > " % " A!! # >8 E # 8 $?& 8> A C "?- # — &@ / A C # " / $?& 8> " 8 " #.

“ 8 && C# " # " / #% #? & A C 8 # "- & / $8>E& " #. " >8# $"" 8# / 8 && C## - & @ " ?> # ? C = # , # $? # #%C & # #% 8- && C / $##. # $""> #% @ " % # &* >8# A C % 8#.

8 ""8 # " $& & C# " "#" 8 ( D) $#%- " " &* C $, " " = #% C / " &$& #&* / $# ( D<), " # $> / % # " ( D), C &* / $# # $C " . < ? ""8 > #" # # D< # C &* / $#, >$& % " > # $& > ? & " ,$#% ?% A C "? C @=# 8$# #/ & A # "- . ' " Mathcad 8 >$& #""& # A C # " / A!! # " # 8$# #/.

< #8 # " > C % #"& > C & D< & # "#- !# ## $& & # E# > $% & " # * $# $& & # 4— 6 8# , ? "$# A 8#@ A& A C## $# 2 % # " # # &* / A C 8 " # $"" >$& # " 26 %.

< # &* >/ $C E# > 700 D $ % C % / D< 8 ? "$# * " # # % A& A C## 28 % # &* / A C 8 " # $"" >$& # " 28 %.

' C &* / $#, = / " " ""8 # 8 / D, $# $>E ## 8$> $C % C # " 400 750 D # 8 " # # " $ " " & 16%. \ & " ? % $#8 # C C $" 8 && $* $8 % $& C & # 8 && 8 D # C &* / $*@. < >E # 8$> 8 && $* 500 D 8 ? "$# * "- = # &* C " $ $"" C 25 %.

" >/ % $%> , 8$& " $#8 # "$- " # " ""8 > A C "? C @=# 8$# #/ %8- " * " #%# * # #8>/ " $ D 38,5 %, A C 8 " * "#" 8> & 8 ( $" $# $ ) — 42,7 %.

127

. . " ", .; . . . ", . . ., . ( « ! »)

'>" 8$> $& & C## #% @ " % # &*- / A C 8 " *@ # 8 " = " >8 $# & 8 A C- "? # . '>" "$* % ## A C $# & %8 " 8 #8# " / C ## ( ) $& > C % >$ > >" 8$> $& & C# " # " (' ). ' / ? ""8 # " , " A 8# " / $? #" C $ — $# C C % .

\ &* ? > — $&* %8 C # &* " # #8 CA C "? # " 8 #8# " / C ## $&- > C % > , "$" # &* >/ % A C # " / A!! #- " # $#8 # $/ # $C& #"& / "## "#" 8 .

$&* C A C "? # 8 ?> * $& & &@? / >" 8$/ " #, " ? # * $& @ " 8 A& 8 > , $@ , "##, # ""8 * ? " # # %# > "& # , ? "$# @=# 8# #8 8 "-$ –— $# C C % [1].

' % &* >$& C #""& # " & , ? &*E @ A C A!! # " * 8 ? "$# * $& " $/ "##, " ? "$# * > ? $ & "## $ C- # > A& 8 $& / " 8> ' .

'>$& > #""& # &* " # #8 C A C "?- # $" " 8 $& & C# , % @=# " 8$ - >8 8 C % > , – & C &* > $/ / 8 &- & C## # " & > $/. < "$" # &* >/ % #-"## $# C C % $ @ A!!# # 8$& " / C ## $& > C % > , $ @ # " / 8$> C # «"# % C % » — $ "##, & @= C " # >8 $ 8.

< & > % &* > 8 C ?> * #"$&*% > $# % ? A C "? C @=# $& > " 8 >" 8$> " .

0 +

1. ' . . % $&* C A C "? # " " 8 #8# " / C # / $& > // ' " # . 2012. ƒ 5.

128

.5. 7* ", .; - . . 2* ", . . ., .; +. . % % , . . ., . ( 5! , '. " " )

< " $& > $#" > 8 # & ? "& & $&$ - " *@ $ 8 " & # C % , %$& @= 8 $>, #%& # 8 # - # / $, $# 8 $"& $& " # "# " *@ !#&*- ## C % % & [1].

" #"& C E # % # $# #"$&*% ## ## $&- # # A "$#8 $& > ! 8 &> & " 8$ $ - " #, # " / $ 8 "" 8$> ">$/ " #. F-" 8$C $& $#" / $& " # > " 8 !#&* ## C % ! 8 " "#" 8 / #/ [2]:

c

( )

 

 

b

 

 

 

 

 

 

( )

 

; (x,0) ;

(1)

 

 

 

 

A

 

 

A

 

Fo

 

x

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

x

 

 

 

 

x

 

 

A( ) (1,Fo)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fo

 

(1,Fo) 0.

 

A0

1 A1

 

;

(2)

 

 

 

 

x

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

x

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fo

 

& $#" > & " # 8 8$> $& " % - / " * $& !#%# " # " /" . F #"#8 " * A( ) $$"#8#- " ! # / [3]:

 

 

 

1

2

2

 

 

A

( ) 0 1

 

 

p

 

.

(3)

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

" 8 @ % #"#8 " * (Fo) $$"#8# @ $ 8 8 2-/ "$#.

& E # % # $#8 " $& # # #"& C A "$#- 8 " $" # 8 $& C ! C 8$%# # C ? &*- C $& . ' % &* E # % # $& > ! 8 &> & " ? C 8 / (1,Fo) , ? C 8 / (0,Fo) $" / # " /

$ 8 "" 8$> " (Fo) $#" / $& " # >.

0 +

1.!" 0.0., . . $& !#%# " # " /" $#" > 8 #- & . # " : # # , 1971. — 268 ".

2.( 0. . 8$> $& & $# C # $& & ## $8>E- & > $. : . C ". -, 1973. — 364 ".

3.) $& # $&$" # # 8$ $" # / $ . .'. > . .: C# , 1973. — 336 ".

129

. . * ", .; . . . ", . . ., . ( « ! »)

/ #% #? & " > A & C# " # $?& 8 " = 8 & " % C % # @= / $# / " > 8# $#%- " . > — #" # % C % # 8 "! C % , $% 8 > # $" > , $ # " # &* " #.

< " # , " 8 8 % # # & C## 9 % #"- C "> * 8 # C # >.

< ?& 8 $? # $8>E& > #8 ? &*E A &- C# " # A 8# " % # & " % # > " 8# . "- $& #8 " * $# C "> * # ? #8 " * #"$&*% # - # > " " " 8 "#8 &* / A!! # " *@, . . 8 " C 8 " 8> 8 C ?> $& # * @ & E C C# "&* $8>E&- " # — 88 " @ $? .

& C## $? # $8>E& > & > ? "$# *:

->" @ A & C# " @ ? %$" " * $"" ;

-#% #@ $" " 8 " # $& # ;

-#% @ A C 8 " * $"" ;

-? % >/ & C# " #/ $"";

-$& # $, #8 @=# 88 " @ " *.

'/ ? ""8 %8 " * $? # $8>E&- > 8 8 $# % . < # #% ## A #8 8 8 ? % @ " # "# > " # # , # "# >, ! >, ? %$#- , 8# " %& # $#" # ? % "$ % . ' % &* %& # $8>E& > $& @ " $>, >/ #% > #8 88 " @ " *. & C# & " $# " # ? % /, A "$#8 &* $% A / ? .

'? "$# " & $? # $8>E& >8 8 $# % , #""& # ? 8 8 # " 8- &* $"" $# % = @= /" $#.

F 8 " * " 8>, 8$" * ? # # A & C# " #- " $& @ %8 " * %8 = # C $ $# # &@? C C . & $# % > " ? #8 " # " # *$# &* > " # # >" # >8 > ?>. " # 8 C 8 # *" $ " 8 # C & C C #$ ? 8 "- ##.

130

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]