Vdovichev_A._Perevod_ekonomicheskikh_tekstov

This makes logical sense: the value of what the company owns (assets) minus the value of what the company owes (liabilities) leaves you with what the company is worth (equity).

The balance sheet becomes a more useful statement for compari­ son and financial analysis if the asset and liability groups are classifi­ ed. For example, an important index of the financial state of a busi­ ness,derivablefromtheclassifiedbalancesheet,istheratioofcurrent assets­ to current liabilities. This current ratio should generally be at least 2:1; that is, current assets should be twice current liabilities.

The close relationship of the income statement and the balance sheet is apparent. The income statement is the connecting link bet­ ween two balance sheets.

Text 3

Income Statement

General Widget.Inc.

December 31, 2008

100

Balance Sheet

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Окончание таблицы

6. Match the terms and their definitions, translate into Russian.

A

a) assets; b) long-term liabilities; c) balance sheet; d) fixed asset; e) accounts receivable; f) income taxes payable; g) accrued expen­ ses; h) marketable securities; i) operating expenses; j) financial sta­ tements;­ k) deferred income taxes; l) notes payable; m) liabilities; n) income­ and expense statement; o) inventory; p) current assets; q) revenue; r) accounts payable; s) expenses; t) journal.

102

B

1.Money due from customers for goods and services.

2.Expenses that will be due but have not yet been paid.

3.Stocks, bonds, or other financial instruments held by the com­

pany.

4.All expenses or resources consumed in obtaining revenue.

5.The decrease in capital caused by the business’s revenue-pro­ ducing operations.

6.An estimate of the taxes that would be due if assets were sold at stated value.

7.Long-lived assets used in the production of goods or services.

8.A financial statement that shows the financial position — that is, the assets, liabilities, and value (equity) — of a company on a par­ ticular day.

9.Adocument that shows all of the gozinta and gozouta for a bu­ siness during a particular period of time. Equity is the financial value, or worth, of a company.

10.Aloan or obligation to be paid, current portion of a long-term

debt.

11.Goods available for sale.

12.Assets reasonably expected to be converted into cash or used in the current operation of the business (generally taken as one year).

13.The book of original entry for accounting data.

14.Taxes due in the current year.

15.Properties that are owned and have money value — for in­ stance, cash, inventory, buildings, equipment.

16.Amounts owed to outsiders, such as notes payable, accounts payable, and bonds payable.

17.The increase in capital resulting from the delivery of goods or rendering of services by the business.

18.Money the company owes to vendors for goods or services ren­

dered.

19.A set of accounting documents prepared for a business that cover a particular time period and describe the financial health of the business.

20.Liabilities that are payable beyond the next year.

103

7. Fill in the blanks by inserting the following, translate into Rus­sian paying attention to terms and their contextual meaning.

A

a) income statement; b) equation; c) equity; d) entity; e) fiscal; f) expenses; g) inventory; h) solvency; i)general and administrative; j) double entry; k) debit; l) credit; m) trial balance; n) selling; o) ledger; p) accounts; q) loss; r) current liabilities; s) current assets; t) still picture;­ u) moving picture.

B

1.Animportantindexofthefinancialstateofabusiness,derivable from the classified balance sheet, is the ratio of ... ... to ... ..., i.e. the current ratio.

2.The balance sheet is a “... ...” of business while the income sta­ tement might be compared to a “... ...”.

3.The ... revenue — expenses = net income — is the key to the income statement.

4.Assets, liabilities and ... are connected by a fundamental rela­­ tionship called the accounting equation.

5.Examples of current assets are cash, notes receivable, accounts receivable, ..., and prepaid expenses.

6.... expenses are those related to the overall activities of the business, such as the salaries of the president and other officers.

7.... expenses are related to the promotion and sale of the compa­ ny’s product or service.

8.The income statement may be defined as a summary of the revenue (income), expenses, and net income of a business ... for a specific period of time.

9.When we’re spending more than we’re making, that money is a negative number, called net ... .

10.The process of transferring information from the journal to the

... for the purpose of summarizing is called posting.

11.The result here is simple arithmetic: revenue (the gozinta) minus ... (the gozouta) yields net income.

12.Typically, the date on the balance sheet is the end of the firm’s reporting ... year.

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13.The balance sheet is the company’s ... report card.

14.The abbreviations for ... and ... are Dr. and Cr. respectively.

15.But, in double-entry bookkeeping, all transactions are entered twice, so that all ... are balanced.

16.At the end of the accounting period a two-column schedule called a ... ..., which compares the total of all debit balances with the total of all credit balances, is prepared.

17.The balance sheet always balances because of the ... ... system and debit-credit recording rule correctly applied.

8.Find the following information in texts 1—3, translate it into Rus­ sian paying attention to the terms and their contextual usage:

— accounting and bookkeeping — same or different;

— three basic concepts of accounting;

— types of accounts grouping and listing;

— the concept of double entry;

— structure and composition of the T-account;

— process of entering the transactions in the accounting journal in the chronological order;

—twomajorfinancialstatementsintermsoftheinformationrecor­ded;­ theirmajordifference in the mannerof the information presen­tation;­

— items of the major financial statements;

— fundamental equations of accounting.

9.Render text 1 in Russian paying attention to the accounting terms and their contextual use.

10.Do sight interpreting of text 2 into Russian paying attention to the accounting terms and their contextual use.

11.Do a written translation of text 3 into Russian.

Part II. Translation from Russian into English

1. Read texts 1—2, pick out the accounting terms and give their En­ glish equivalents from task 1, Part I.

105

Text 1

Бухгалтерская документация является единственным источником объективных данных о состоянии рыночной экономики в целом и каждого субъекта хозяйствования (предприятия) в отдельности, а бухгалтерский учет является основой для принятия деловых решений.

Учету подлежат как чисто платежные операции, так и операции с товарно-материальными ресурсами и операции в сфере услуг. Результаты деятельности торговых и промышленных предприятий, издержки и расходы некоммерческих компаний определяются за определенные периоды времени (день, месяц, год).Бухгалтерскийучетдаетсведенияофинансовомположении предприятия, его имуществе, доле собственного капитала, полученной прибыли и обязательствах.

Данными бухучета интересуются собственники (акционеры) и руководствопредприятий,инвесторы,кредиторы,налоговаяслужба, бюджет, наемные работники и предприятия-конкуренты.

Такие понятия бухучета, как товар, капитал, процент, вексель, накладная и многие другие, являются основой экономической науки.

Text 2

Отчет о прибыли и убытках на 1 января 2009 г. ОАО «Менатепбанк»

(в миллионах российских рублей)

106

Продолжение таблицы

107

Окончание таблицы

Бухгалтерский баланс на 1 января 2009 г. ОАО «Менатепбанк»

(в миллионах российских рублей)

108

Продолжение таблицы

109