Г.В. Бочарова, м.Г. Степанова read off! Graded Reader with Exercises
Сборник текстов по психологии для чтения на английском языке с упражнениями 2-е издание, исправленное
Рекомендовано Редакционно-издательским Советом Российской академии образования к использованию в качестве учебного пособия
Москва Издательство «ФЛИНТА» 2012
уцк 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-923
Б86
Бочарова Г.В.
Б86 Read Off! Graded Reader with Exercises. Сборник текстов по психологии для чтения на английском языке с упражнениями [Электронный ресурс] / Г.В. Бочарова, М.Г. Степанова. — М.: ФЛИНТА, 2012. - 208 с.
ISBN 978-5-9765-0298-7 (ФЛИНТА)
Пособие ставит своей целью ознакомление с разнообразной тематикой по специальности, усвоение психологической лексики, развитие навыков анализа аутентичных текстов разного уровня сложности.
Для студентов, аспирантов и преподавателей психологических факультетов вузов.
УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923
© Издательство
«ФЛИНТА», 2012
Isbn 978-5-9765-0298-7 (флинта)
Contents
READ OFF! 1
Graded Reader with Exercises 1
Сборник текстов по психологии для чтения на английском языке с упражнениями 2-е издание, исправленное 1
CONTENTS 3
Text 1 19
WHY DO WE RISK IT? 19
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 19
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 19
III. Rearrange the following statements as they occur in the text. 19
(Give numbers.) 19
Text 1 20
WHY DO WE RISK IT? 20
Text 2 21
ATTRACTIVENESS IN THE DARK 21
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 22
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 22
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 22
Text 3 24
RICH AND POOR 24
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 25
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 25
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 25
Text 4 25
BRAIN AND BODY 25
I. Find English equivalent for the following words and expressions. 26
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 27
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 27
Text 5 27
BODILY COMMUNICATION 27
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 28
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 28
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 29
Text 6 29
THE FACE OF FEELING - FACIAL EXPRESSIONS AND PRODUCTION OF EMOTION 29
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 31
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 31
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 31
Text 7 31
PROXEMIC COMMUNICATION 31
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 33
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 33
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 33
Text 8 34
THE JIM AND JIM TWINS 34
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 35
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 35
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 35
Text 9 36
ON ECCENTRICS AND ECCENTRICITY 36
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 37
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 37
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 38
Text 10 38
TEENAGERS: WHAT PROBLEMS? 38
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 39
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 40
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 40
Text 11 40
WHY AREN’T YOU AT SCHOOL, SONNY? 40
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 41
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 42
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 42
Text 12 42
CAN WE STOP THE BULLIES? 42
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 44
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 44
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 44
Text 13 45
ARE YOU A PROCRASTINATOR? 45
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 46
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 46
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text (Give numbers.) 46
Text 14 47
PSYCHOLOGY OF COLOUR 47
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 48
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 48
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 48
Text 15 49
THE POWER OF COLOR 49
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 50
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 51
III. Rearrange the statements as they occur in the text. (Give numbers.) 51
Text 1 53
WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? 53
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 55
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 55
III. Make an appropriate choice. 56
Text 2 56
CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO PSYCHOLOGY 56
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 58
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 58
III. Make an appropriate choice. 58
Text 3 60
OBSERVING AND IMITATING PARENTS 60
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 61
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 62
III. Make an appropriate choice. 62
Text 4 63
BRINGING UP A BETTER BABY (AND GOODBYE DR. SPOCK) 63
The Better Baby Institute 63
Cardinal Fact No. 6: “Our individual genetic potential is that of Leonardo da Yinci, Mozart, Michelangelo, Edison and Einstein.” 63
Cardinal Fact No. 26: “Tiny kids would rather learn than eat.” 64
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 65
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 65
III. Make an appropriate choice. 65
Text 5 66
The Doman “Better Baby Institute” and What Is Wrong with It 66
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 67
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 67
III. Make an appropriate choice. 67
Text 6 68
OUTSIDE THE SANDBOX 68
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 70
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 71
III. Make an appropriate choice. 71
Text 7 72
STEREOTYPES 72
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 73
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 73
III. Make an appropriate choice. 73
Text 8 74
PARENT-ADOLESCENT CONFLICT 74
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 77
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 77
III. Make an appropriate choice. 77
Text 9 78
LONELINESS 78
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 80
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 80
III. Make an appropriate choice. 80
Text 10 81
GROUP CONFLICT, ORDER AND DISORDER 81
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 85
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 85
III. Make an appropriate choice. 85
Text 11 87
MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 87
The Family Life Cycle 87
Leaving Home and Becoming a Single Adult 88
The Joining of Families Through Marriage: The New Couple 88
Becoming Parents and Families with Children 89
The Family with Adolescents 89
Mid-Life Families 89
The Family in Later Life 90
Trends in Marriage 90
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 91
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 91
III. Make an appropriate choice. 91
Text 12 104
JEALOUSY: A VOICE OF POSSESSIVENESS PAST 104
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 107
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 107
III. Make an appropriate choice. 107
Text 13 108
WHY ARE SOME PEOPLE HAPPIER THAN OTHERS? 108
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 110
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 110
III. Make an appropriate choice. 110
Text 14 111
UPSTAGING STAGE FRIGHT 111
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 113
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 113
III. Make an appropriate choice. 113
Text 15 114
BITTER COULD BE BETTER 114
Supertasters Provide a Clue 115
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 116
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 116
III. Make an appropriate choice. 117
Text 16 117
FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP 117
Sleep as Restorative 118
Sleep as Adaptive Inactivity 119
Sleep as an Aid to Memory 120
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 120
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 120
III. Make an appropriate choice. 120
Text 17 121
CULTIVATING CURIOSITY: DEVELOPING A SENSE OF WONDER CAN BE ITS OWN REWARD 121
I. Find English equivalents for the following words and expressions. 123
II. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions. 123
III. Make an appropriate choice. 124
Text 1 126
SLEEP 126
Circadian Cycles: The Biological Clock 127
II. Answer the questions to the text. 143
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 143
Text 2 143
THE WORLD OF DREAMS 143
The Nature and Contents of Dreams 144
Culture and Dreams 145
II. Answer the questions to the text. 149
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 149
Text 3 149
SLEEP DISORDERS 149
Deprivation 150
Insomnia 151
Narcolepsy and Apnea 151
II. Answer the questions to the text. 165
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 166
Text 4 166
GET OVER YOURSELF! 166
The “Better” than Average Effect 166
Your Name: Nothing Sounds so Sweet 168
You Are the Thief of Memory 169
Self Chokes Man 170
In Bed with Yourself 170
II. Answer the questions to the text. 183
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 184
Text 5 184
VIEWPOINTS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS 184
I. Choose the type of psychological disorders from the box to match the definition on the left. 186
II. Answer the questions to the text. 198
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 199
Text 6 200
MOOD DISORDERS 200
I. Choose the word from the box to match the definition on the left. 202
II. Answer the questions to the text. 203
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 204
Text 7 204
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER 204
I. Choose the word from the box to match the definition on the left. 207
II. Answer the questions to the text. 208
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 208
Text 8 209
THE NATURE OF STRESS 209
Stress as an Everyday Event 209
Appraisal: Stress Lies in the Eye of the Beholder 210
Major Types of Stress 210
Frustration 210
Conflict 211
Change 212
Table. Social Readjustment Rating Scale 213
Pressure 225
I. Choose the word from the box to match the definition on the left. 226
II. Answer the questions to the text. 238
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 239
Text 9 240
EXTREME STRESS 240
Sources of Extreme Stress 240
Unemployment and Underemployment 240
Divorce and Separation 241
Bereavement 241
Catastrophes 242
Combat and Other Threatening Personal Attacks 244
Mental trauma in societies at war 244
II. Answer the questions to the text. 258
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 258
Text 10 258
What type of therapy is most effective for depression? 258
Does Psychotherapy Work? 259
Duration of therapy and improvement 261
Which Type of Therapy Is Best for Which Disorder? 261
II. Answer the questions to the text. 274
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 275
Text 11 275
DEFINING AGGRESSION: THREE DISTINCTIONS 275
I. Choose the word from the box to match the definition on the left. 279
II. Answer the questions to the text. 291
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 291
Text 12 291
VIOLENT PRIDE 291
Pride Comes Before a Fall 293
Take a Swig, Take a Swing 294
Vanity Unfair 295
“One of the Worst” 296
What about Deep Down? 298
I. Choose the word characterizing narcissism from the box to match the definition on the left. 299
II. Answer the questions to the text. 323
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 324
Text 13 325
A Definition 325
II. Answer the questions to the text. 329
III. Prove the following statements by the facts from the text: 329
Text 14 330
ADULTHOOD 330
Cognitive Development 330
Psychosocial Development 333
I. Choose the word from the box to match the definition on the left. 334
II. Answer the questions to the text. 335
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 335
Text 15 336
WHAT IS THINKING? 336
The Search-Inference Framework 336
II. Answer the questions to the text. 352
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 353
Text 16 354
CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING 354
Convergent and Divergent Thinking 355
The Creative Process 355
I. Choose the word from the box to match the definition on the left. 357
II. Answer the questions to the text. 358
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 358
Text 17 359
TOUCHING ILLUSIONS 359
Curved Touch 359
Touched in the Head? 360
Jelly or Velvet 362
I. Choose the word from the box to match the definition on the left. 363
II. Answer the questions to the text. 376
III. Choose the facts to prove that: 376
Text 18 376
SNAP JUDGMENTS 376
II. Answer the questions to the text. 393
III. Choose the facts to prove that 393
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Пособие “Read Off” предназначено для студентов психологических вузов и факультетов, которые владеют навыками чтения на английском языке и желают совершенствовать свои знания.
Пособие ставит своей целью дальнейшее развитие навыков чтения литературы по специальности на разных этапах обучения.
Пособие состоит из трех разделов, охватывающих разнообразную тематику: психология развития личности, межличностные отношения, восприятие окружающей среды, стресс, депрессия, различные нарушения психической деятельности и другие. Тексты, представленные в них, отличаются уровнем сложности.
В раздел I (Pre-Intermediate Level) включены тексты, небольшие по объему, содержательные по характеру и легкие для понимания. Послетекстовые упражнения направлены на общее понимание содержания текста, освоение новой психологической лексики.
В раздел II (Intermediate Level) включены тексты более сложные в языковом отношении. Они больше по объему, а упражнения после текста направлены на более внимательную и детальную проработку текста с целью его дальнейшего и подробного разбора.
Раздел III (Upper-Intermediate) состоит из оригинальных текстов более высокого языкового уровня, освещающих новые, современные подходы к решению психологических проблем. В упражнениях упор сделан не только на расширение профессионального вокабуляра, но и на подбор соответствующих объяснений к определенным психологическим понятиям. Упражнения направлены на обсуждение прочитанного, поиск конкрет
ных фактов, объясняющих те или иные психологические явления.
В качестве текстового материала были использованы как уже признанные, ставшие классическими книги английских и американских авторов по психологии, так и современные периодические издания.
Настоящий сборник текстов по психологии на английском языке может быть использован как для аудиторного обучения, так и для самостоятельной работы.