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4 курс / Дерматовенерология / Dermatologia_i_venerologia_KGMU_g_Simferopol_2012_g

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HbIM MeTa60AH'feCKHaKTHBHbIM opraHOM, IIhOlll,a)J.b KOToporo B cpe.n;-

HeM 1,6- 1,8 M2, Macca npH6Mi3HTeAbHO 16-20 % OT MaCCbI TeAa. Ko-

JKa COCTOHT H3 3IlH,n:epMHCa, .n;epMb I, rHno.n;epMbI. K rrpH,n:aTKaM KO:>KH OTHOC.HTC.H B OhOCbl, HOITH, CaAbHbJe H IIOTOBbie )Kehe3bI.

3nu.n.epMHC - HapJ)KHblH CAOH KOJKH - rrpe.n,cTaBAeH He-

npepbIBHO o6HOBASIIOI11,1IMHCSI 3 ITHTehHaAbHbIMH KheTKaMH 3IlHTehH0-

11.HTaMH (Ke paTHHOlJ.HTaMH), KOTOpbie IlOCTO.IIHHO HaxO.n,fiTC.H B npo -

u;ecce ,n:HcpcpepeHI.J.HpoBKH, Ha'IHHa.Hc HH)Kllero, c11.a60 ,n;RcpcpepemJ,H - poBannoro, 6a3aAbHoro c11.051 no Hanpas11.enmo K BepxHeMJ poroBOMJ ChOIO. 3nH,n:epMHC COCTOHT H3 HeCKOAbKHX TH!lOB KheTOK, HMeI-Olll,HX pa3h!-f"-IHOe 3M6pHOHaAbHOe npOHCXOJK,n:eHHe: 3IlHTehHOlJ.HTOB, MehaHOll,HTOB, BHJTPH3UH)l.epMaAbHbIX MaKpocparoB (KheTOK J\aHrepra.Hca), K/\eTOK MepKeASI; H pa3.n,e11.eH na Mmb Cll.oee: 6a3aAbHhIH, wHnOBH,u.- HbIH, 3epHHCTbIH, 611.eCTSIIll.HH H porOBOH, KOTOpbie OTpaJKaI-OT pa3HbJe CTa)l.HH ,n:HcpcpepeHlJ.HPOBKH 3fIHTeMiaAbHblX 31\.eMeHTOB.

I1o,n:.n:epJKaHHe KJ'.teTO'IHOrOroMeocTa3a B 3IlH,n:epMHCe B u;ehOM 3aBHCHT OT COOTHOilleHJUI o6pa3y!OUJ.HXC51 H non16a10w;Hx K/\eTOK. Ha 3TOT npou;ecc BAili.!e'l'MHO)KeCTBO cpaKTopos: ypoBeHb B3aHMO)J.e:i:i:CTBH51 3 ITHTehHOll,HTOB c .n:pyrHMH KheTKaMH 3 ITHJJ.epMHCa; Ka'IeCTBOa.n:- re3HH 3ITHTeAHOlJ.HTOB JI.pyr c .n:pyroM H 6a3aAbHOH MeM6paHoii; pa3-

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8

KJ\e TKH MepKeMI. Ba3MbHbie KAeTKH pacrroAararoTC5I Ha 6a3MhHOH MeM6paHe H HMeIOT U:HAHH,D,pH'IeCI<ylO cpopM)'. Hx 5!Apa OBMhHOH

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xpo MaTHHOM. B U:HTOI1Aa3Me 6a3MbHbIX KAeTOK HaxO)'.I.HTC5IMHOrO'lHCAeHHbre opraHelV\.bI: MHTOXOHAPHH, KOMilAeKC I'OAb,ll.}KH, pH60COMbI, IlOAHpH60COMhI, AH30COMbI, u:eHTpHOAH, 3HAOI1Aa3MaTH'leCK8.5! ceTb, TOHOcpHAaMeHTbI, o6pa3yror.qHe IJ;HTOCKeAeT, H pa3AH'IHI>IeBKAIO'lCHllil

(rpaHYAbI MeAaHI·rna, KarrAH :lKHpa) . HMtt<IHe 60Abll!OrO KOAH'leCTBa

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IIIunoeuoHbLU C.!lou (stratum spinosum) cocTOHT H3 3-8 p5I,D,OB KJ\eTOK, KOTOpbie 6011.ee ,n:ucpcpepeHI.l,MpOBaHbl, qeM 6a3aAbHbie KAeTKH. Henocpe,n:CTBeHHO HM 6a3MhHbIM CAOeM OHH HMe10T IlO/\.H- roHaAbHYIO cpopMy, a B BCpXHCH qacTli IllHilOBH,n:Horo Ci\.05I CTaHOB5ITC5I yn11.om:eHHblMH. 10..eT KH IllHI10BH,Ll,HOro Ci\.05[, KaK H 6a3aAbHhIC, KOHTaKTHPYIOT ,n,pyr c ,n:pyroM n ocpe,n,CTBOM ,Ll,CCMOCOM, KOAH'ICCTBO KOTOpbIX 3,l(CCb 6011.bUie, 'ITOnpH,n,aeT eMy 60AbllIYIO npO'IHOCTh. y i\.bTpacTpyK1}'PHOUIHllOBH,Ll,Hbie Ki\.eTKH IlOXO:>KH Ha 6a3aAhHbie, HO OT/\.H- 'laIOTC.Sl OT HHX 6011.ee pa3BHTOH CHCTeMOH TOHOcpHAaMeHTOB, MeHbUlHM co,n,ep:>Ka HHeM opraHei\.i\. H OTCYTCTBHCM rmrMeHTa. B BepXHeli qacTH llIJUIOBH,l(HOro Ci\.05I IlO.HBMIIOTC.Sl IlAaCTHH"laTbre rpaeyAbI (11.a- Mei\.i\.5IpHbie rpaHyAhI, Tei\.bIJ;a 0AAaH,D,a, KepaTHHOCOMbI), pacno11.a- rarom:HeC5I Ha nepHcpepHH KAeTOK, HHOr,n,a c oe,D,HHSIJOW:HCC5I c I1Aa3MaTH'{eCKOH MeM6paHOH AH6o BbJXO)'.I.Hlll,He B MCJKKAeTO'lHbi npoCTpaHCTBa. 3TH opraHe/1./1.bl co,n,ep:lKaT AHilH,Ll,bI, cpoccpoll.MilH,Ll,bI, CB060,n,Hbie cTepoAhr , u:epaMH,D,bI H rAHK03HAU:epaMHAhI. KpoMe Toro, B nAaCTHH'laTbJXrpaHy11.ax o6HapY:iKHBaeTC5I 6011.bUIOe KO/\.H'leCTBOrH,n,- pOAHTH"'lCCKHX cpepMCHTOB, TaKHX KaK KHC/\.aH cpoccpaTa3a, HYKJ\e0- 3 11,Ll,,Ll,HcpoccpaTa3a, cpoccpo11.11rra3br. CBoe co,n:ep:>KHMOe rpaHyAhr Bbr,n,e-

9

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Ml:IOT B Me:>KKJ\eTO'!HOe rrpocTpaHCTBO, cpopMHPY.SI 3ITH,AepMaAhHbIH /\.HITH,ll,HblH 6apbep . B llIHITOBH.l(HOM . C/\.Oe HaxO.l(.SITC.Sl BttyTpH3ITH.n,epMaAhHbie MaKpocparH - KAeTKH AaHrepraHca.

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3TOM C/\.Oe 3IlH.Teil.HOlJ.HTbI npo.n.o~IOT CHHTe3HpOBaTb ~ MO.l(HcpHI.J,11poBaTb 6eAKH H cpepMeHTbI, yqacrsy10w:He He T O/\.hKO B KepaTHHH3a- U.HH, HO H B 3anporpaMM11.posaHHOM pa3pyrneHHH KJ1.eToK. B pe3yAhTaTe rrpo11:cxo.n.HT pa3pyrneHHe 6011.bWHHCTBa CTPYKTYP 3epHHCTbIX KAeTOK, BKJ\lO'la.SlHX 51,ll,pa. TaKa.Sl cpopMa .n.ec:TpYKll,HH MOpcpo11.oraqeCKH H 6HOXHMH'leCKHCOOTBCTCTBYeT anonT03HOH cpopMe rH6e11.H KAeTOK.

Pozoeou c.nou (stratum cormeum). IIoc11.e,o,HHH 3Tan )KH3He-

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10

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