Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
SERIES IN MATERNAL-FETAL MEDICINE
Forthcoming
Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines
ISBN 9780415701884
Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines
ISBN 9780415432818
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Joseph J Apuzzio, Anthony M Vintzelos, Leslie Iffy, Operative Obstetrics
ISBN 9781842142844
Isaac Blickstein, Louis G Keith, Prenatal Assessment of Multiple Pregnancy
ISBN 9780415384247
Tom Bourne, George Condous, Handbook of Early Pregnancy Care
ISBN 9781842143230
Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Umberto Simeoni, The Prenate and Neonate: The transition to extrauterine life
ISBN 9781842140444
Asim Kurjak, Guillermo Azumendi, The Fetus in Three Dimensions: Imaging, Embryology and Fetoscopy
ISBN 9780415375238
Asim Kurjak, Frank A Chervenak, Textbook of Perinatal Medicine, second edition ISBN 9781842143339
Catherine Nelson-Piercy, Handbook of Obstetric Medicine, third edition
ISBN 9781841845807
Dario Paladini, Paolo Volpe, Ultrasound of Congenital Fetal Anomalies
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Donald M Peebles, Leslie Myatt, Inflammation and Pregnancy
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Felice Petraglia, Jerome F Strauss, Gerson Weiss, Steven G Gabbe, Preterm Birth: Mechanisms, Mediators, Prediction, Prevention and Interventions
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Ruben A Quintero, Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
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Baskaran Thilaganathan, Shanthi Sairam, Aris T Papageorghiou, Amor Bhide, Problem Based Obstetric
Ultrasound
ISBN 9780415407281
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Causes, Controversies and
Treatment
Edited by
Howard JA Carp MB BS FRCOG
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sheba Medical Center
Tel Hashomer and
Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv Israel
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008.
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|
Contents |
|
List of Contributors |
vii |
|
Foreword |
xi |
|
Bruno Lunenfeld |
|
|
Preface |
xiii |
|
Howard JA Carp |
|
|
1. |
Epidemiology of recurrent pregnancy loss |
1 |
|
Ole B Christiansen |
|
2. |
Signaling between embryo and mother in early pregnancy: Basis for development of tolerance |
15 |
|
Eytan R Barnea |
|
3. |
Genetics of spontaneous abortions |
23 |
|
Joe Leigh Simpson |
|
|
Debate: Should fetal karyotyping be performed in RPL? |
|
|
3a. For Howard JA Carp |
35 |
|
3b. Against Zvi Borochowitz |
39 |
|
Debate: Should PGD be performed in RPL? |
|
|
3c. For Howard JA Carp, and JG Grudzinskas |
45 |
|
3d. Against Patricio Donoso, Andre Van Steirteghem, and Paul Devroey |
49 |
|
3e. Opinion: Should CVS or amniocentesis be performed in RPL without screening? |
55 |
|
Howard Cuckle |
|
4. |
Does the maternal immune system regulate the embryo’s response to teratogens? |
59 |
|
Arkady Torchinsky and Vladimir Toder |
|
5. |
Fetal structural malformations – embryoscopy |
67 |
|
Thomas Philipp |
|
6. |
Endocrinology of pregnancy loss |
79 |
|
Stefano Luisi, Lucia Lazzeri, and Andrea Riccardo Genazzani |
|
|
Debate: Should progesterone supplements be used? |
|
|
6a. For Jerome H Check |
89 |
|
6b. Against Shazia Malik and Lesley Regan |
93 |
|
Debate: Should hCG supplementation be used? |
|
|
6c. For James Walker |
97 |
|
6d. Against Siobhan M Quenby and Roy G Farquharson |
101 |
7. |
Antiphospholipid syndrome – pathophysiology |
107 |
|
Gilad Twig, Yaniv Sherer, Miri Blank, and Yehuda Shoenfeld |
|
8. |
Diagnosis of aPL-associated abortions |
115 |
|
Marighoula Varla-Leftherioti |
|
v
CONTENTS |
|
||
9. |
Management of antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy |
119 |
|
|
Wendell A Wilson and Nigel Harris |
|
|
10. |
Defects in coagulation factors leading to recurrent pregnancy loss |
127 |
|
|
Aida Inbal and Howard JA Carp |
|
|
|
Debate: Should thromboprophylaxis be used in hereditary thrombophilias with RPL? |
|
|
|
10a. |
For Benjamin Brenner |
139 |
|
10b. |
Against Pelle G Lindqvist |
143 |
11. |
Uterine anomalies and recurrent pregnancy loss |
147 |
|
|
Daniel S Seidman and Mordechai Goldenberg |
|
|
12. |
Immunobiology of recurrent miscarriage |
165 |
|
|
Marighoula Varla-Leftherioti |
|
|
|
Debate: Should immunotherapy be used in RPL? |
|
|
|
12a. |
Paternal leukocyte immunization – For David Clark |
179 |
|
12b. |
Intravenous immunoglobulin – For Carolyn B Coulam |
185 |
|
12c. |
Against Raj Rai |
189 |
13. |
Infections and recurrent pregnancy loss |
193 |
|
|
David Alan Viniker |
|
|
14. |
Midtrimester loss – the role of cerclage |
207 |
|
|
Israel Hendler and Howard JA Carp |
|
|
15. |
Midtrimester loss and viability |
219 |
|
|
Victor YH Yu |
|
|
16. |
Obstetric outcomes after recurrent pregnancy loss |
231 |
|
|
Howard JA Carp |
|
|
17. |
Coping with recurrent pregnancy loss: Psychological mechanisms |
243 |
|
|
Keren Shakhar |
|
|
18. |
Methodological issues in evidence-based evaluation of treatment for recurrent miscarriage |
255 |
|
|
Salim Daya |
|
|
19. |
Investigation protocol for recurrent pregnancy loss |
269 |
|
|
Howard JA Carp |
|
|
20. |
A patient’s perspective |
281 |
|
|
Mindy Gross |
|
|
|
Index |
285 |
|
vi
Contributors
Eytan R Barnea MD FACOG |
Howard JA Carp MB BS FRCOG |
Chairman, The Society for the Investigation of |
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and |
Early Pregnancy |
Gynecology |
Clinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics, |
Sheba Medical Center |
Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences |
Tel Hashomer |
UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School |
and |
Cherry Hill, NJ |
Sackler School of Medicine |
USA |
Tel Aviv University |
|
Tel Aviv |
Miri Blank PhD |
Israel |
Associate Professor of Immunology |
|
Sackler Faculty of Medicine |
Jerome H Check MD PhD |
Tel-Aviv University |
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Camden |
and |
Melrose Park, PA |
Center for Autoimmune Diseases |
and |
Sheba Medical Center |
University of Medicine and Dentistry of |
Tel-Hashomer |
New Jersey |
Israel |
Newark, NJ |
|
USA |
Zvi Borochowitz MD |
|
Professor of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, |
Ole B Christiansen MD DMSC |
Director, Simon Winter Institute for Human |
Fertility Clinic |
Genetics |
Rigshospitalet |
and |
Copenhagen |
Institute for Human Genetics |
Denmark |
Technion-Rappaport Faculty of Medicine |
|
Haifa |
David Clark MD PhD DiplABIM FRCPC FRCPED |
Israel |
Emeritus Professor of Medicine |
|
McMaster University |
Benjamin Brenner MD |
Hamilton |
Professor of Hematology, Technion Israel Institute |
Ontario |
of Technology |
Canada |
Director, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit |
|
Rambam Medical Center |
Carolyn Coulam MD |
Haifa |
Director, Millennova Immunology Laboratories; |
Israel |
Director, Pregnancy Loss Center |
|
and |
|
Director of Research, Rinehart Center for |
|
Reproductive Medicine |
|
Chicago, IL |
|
USA |
vii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS |
|
Howard Cuckle MA MSc DPhil |
Mordechai Goldenberg MD |
Adjunct Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology |
Professor, Chaim Sheba Medical Center |
Columbia University |
Tel-Hashomer |
New York, NY |
and |
USA |
The Sackler School of Medicine |
and |
Tel Aviv University |
Emeritus Professor |
Tel Aviv |
University of Leeds |
Israel |
Leeds |
|
UK |
Mindy Gross |
|
Ra′anana |
Salim Daya MBChB MSc FRCSC |
Israel |
Hamilton |
|
Ontario |
JG Grudzinskas MD |
Canada |
The London Bridge Fertility |
|
Gynaecology and Genetics Centre |
Paul Devroey MD PhD |
London |
Professor, Centre for Reproductive Medicine |
UK |
University Hospital |
|
Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University |
Nigel Harris MD DM |
Belgium |
Vice Chancellor, University of West Indies |
|
Kingston |
Patricio Donoso MD |
Jamaica |
Centre for Reproductive Medicine |
|
University Hospital |
Israel Hendler MD |
Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University |
Assistant Professor, Wayne State University |
Belgium |
Detroit, MI |
|
USA |
Roy G Farquharson MD FRCOG |
and |
Clinical Director, Liverpool Women’s Hospital |
Sheba Medical Center |
Liverpool |
Tel Hashomer |
UK |
Israel |
Andrea Riccardo Genazzani MD PhD |
Aida Inbal MD |
Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology |
Associate Professor of Hematology |
Hospital S Chiara |
Sackler Faculty of Medicine |
University of Pisa |
Tel Aviv University |
Pisa |
and |
Italy |
Director of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit |
|
Rabin Medical Center |
|
Petah Tikva |
|
Israel |
viii
|
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS |
Lucia Lazzeri MD |
Lesley Regan MD FRCOG |
Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology |
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology |
Policlinics Le Scotte |
Imperial College London |
University of Siena |
St Mary’s Hospital |
Siena |
London |
Italy |
UK |
Pelle G Lindqvist MD PhD |
Daniel S Seidman MD MMSc |
Associate Professor and Senior Consultant |
Professor, Chaim Sheba Medical Center |
Malmö University Hospital |
Tel-Hashomer |
Malmö |
and |
Sweden |
Sackler School of Medicine |
|
Tel Aviv University |
Stefano Luisi MD PhD |
Tel Aviv |
Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology |
Israel |
Policlinics Le Scotte |
|
University of Siena |
Keren Shakhar PhD |
Siena |
Department of Oncological Sciences |
Italy |
Mount Sinai School of Medicine |
|
New York, NY |
Shazia Malik MBChB (hon), MRCOG |
USA |
St Mary’s Hospital NHS Trust |
|
London |
Yaniv Sherer MD |
UK |
Instructor in Internal Medicine |
|
Sackler Faculty of Medicine |
Thomas Philipp MD |
Tel Aviv University |
Assistant Professor |
Tel Aviv |
Ludwig Boltzman Institute of Gynecology and |
and |
Obstetrics |
Center for Autoimmune Diseases |
Danube Hospital |
Sheba Medical Center |
Vienna |
Tel-Hashomer |
Austria |
Israel |
Siobhan M Quenby MD MRCOG |
Yehuda Shoenfeld MD |
Senior Lecturer, University Department of |
Professor of Internal Medicine |
Obstetrics and Gynaecology |
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, |
Liverpool Women’s Hospital |
Incumbent of the Laura Schwartz Kipp Chair for |
Liverpool |
Research of Autoimmune Diseases |
UK |
Tel-Aviv University |
|
Tel Aviv |
Raj Rai BSc MD MRCOG |
and |
Senior Lecturer and Consultant Gynaecologist |
Director, Department of Medicine ‘B’ and Center |
Imperial College London |
for Autoimmune Diseases |
St Mary’s Hospital |
Sheba Medical Center |
London |
Tel-Hashomer |
UK |
Israel |
ix
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS |
|
Joe Leigh Simpson MD |
Marighoula Varla-Leftherioti MD PhD |
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology |
Head of the Immunobiology Department |
Professor of Molecular and Human Genetics |
‘Helena Venizelou’ Maternity Hospital |
Baylor College of Medicine |
Athens |
Houston, TX |
Greece |
USA |
|
|
David Alan Viniker MD FRCOG |
Vladimir Toder MD PhD |
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist |
Professor in Embryology |
Whipps Cross University Hospital |
Sackler School of Medicine |
Loughton |
Tel-Aviv University |
UK |
Ramat-Aviv |
|
Israel |
James Walker MD FRCOG FRCP Edin FRCPS Glas |
|
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology |
Arkady Torchinsky MD PhD DSc |
St James’s University Hospital |
Principal Research Associate |
Leeds |
Sackler School of Medicine |
UK |
Tel-Aviv University |
|
Ramat-Aviv |
Wendell A Wilson MD FRCP |
Israel |
Professor of Medicine, Arthritis and |
|
Rheumatology |
Gilad Twig MD PhD |
Center of Excellence |
Center for Autoimmune Diseases |
Louisiana State University Medical Center |
Sheba Medical Center |
New Orleans, LA |
Tel-Hashomer |
USA |
and |
|
Sackler Faculty of Medicine |
Victor YH Yu MD MSc FRACP FRCP FRCP Ed FRCP Glas |
Tel-Aviv University |
Professor of Neonatology |
Tel Aviv |
Clinical Director of Ritchie Centre for Baby |
Israel |
Health Research |
|
Monash University |
Andre Van Steirteghem MD PhD |
Melbourne |
Professor Emeritus |
Australia |
Centre for Reproductive Medicine |
|
University Hospital |
|
Dutch-Speaking Brussels Free University |
|
Belgium |
|
x