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1.

Factories become ………… if management don’t look afte

r buildings and invest

in new equipment.

2.

Nobody

really

knows what …………, but you

s

hould make plans anyway.

3.

Many countries make lots of money selling …………… lik

e tanks and guns to

foreign armies.

4.

In

the

West,

the

Communist

countries

of the

USSR were called the

……………….

5.

When he left the company, he …………. all his old coll

eagues.

6.

It’s good to have some savings to ……………. during har

d times.

7.

The

company was very …………… my proposal for a new

range of products.

8.

Most of the wealth in modern industrial countries is owned by a small ………….

9.

Products

for ………….. are

only sold

in the

country where they are made.

10.The ……………. Means the roads, railways, power and com

munication networks

that industry needs.

11.The ………….. of our new products has been very high a

nd we have gained a

good income from them.

1

V

2

M

3

U

4

E

5

F

6

N

7

G

8

9

D

10

M

11

P

compared

to

the

value of

exports

is called

the balance of ……..)

3.

Managed

by

the

government.

4.

Money which

one receives

regularly,

usually as

payment for one’s work.

6.

Goods

such

as food, clothing

and equipment used at home or in everyday life

7.

The process

or rate of growing and developing.

8.

People

who

lend

money to

companies so that

they can grow.

9.

Articles for sale.

10.Goods

that

are

raw materials for industry, or

other goods that are not

processed.

11.……….inflation is very, very high inflation.

deposit

advertising

customer needs

storing and lending

The four Ps

investment

exports

value

liquidity

marketing

account

orientation

interest

1. In popular usage, the term “……………….” refers to the

promotion of products,

and refers to the various methods of promoting the product, brand or company.

4.

Most companies today have a consumer ………... This im

plies that the company

focuses its activities and products on …………...

5.

……………….. refers to how easily money can

circulate.

7.

Money

in

a bank

savings ………….., ho

wever, will earn interest.

8.

Apart

from

………………..

money, banks

offer other financial services.

9.

Basically, banks make a living by charging ……….

on loans. Of course, when

you make a …………. into a bank savings account,

the bank pays you interest on

that money.

54

10.

………….. from abroad was not encouraged because the g

overnment wanted full

control of production and prices

11.

In fact, energy resources make up over two thirds of Russia’s ………...

II.

Make up questions.

III. Complete the sentences using the correct

passive

form of the

verbs in brackets.

1.

Top managers ……… by a company’s board

of director

s. (appoint and

supervise and dismiss)

2.

Marketing methods …….. by many of the social

sciences. (use)

3.

Products for domestic consumption only …….

in

the country where they are

made. (sell)

4.

A small amount of the total savings ……… by t

he bank so that customers can

make withdrawals. (keep)

5.

Products often ……… to meet the desires of gro

ups of customers. (develop).

IV.

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.

to

of

in

into(2)

by(2)

with

for

on(3)

1.

McCarthy divided marketing ………

four general sets of activities.

2.

Many firms, such as research and development focused companies, successfully

focus ………. product innovation.

3.

The term “marketing” refers …. the promotion of pro

ducts, especially

advertising

and branding

4.

The mix

of

the Four

Ps

must reflect purchasing power ………

the

consumers……..

the target market.

5.

Two hundred of people are

employed

………..

our company.

6.

Shortages

…………

simple

things like shoes were common.

7.

The company is run …….. three brothers.

8.

The prices are specified ……..

the V

AT account

9.

Basically, banks make a living by charging interest

………. loans. Of course,

when you

make a deposit

……

a bank savings account, the bank pays you

interest …….. that

money.