книги / Чтение и перевод юридических текстов

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет»

ЧТЕНИЕ И ПЕРЕВОД ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТОВ

Хрестоматия

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета

Издательство Пермского национального исследовательского

политехнического университета

2017

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УДК 81`25 ББК Ш143.21 – 923.8

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Рецензенты:

кандидат филологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры иностранных языков, лингвистики и перевода И.А. Баринова (Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет);

кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры лингвистики и перевода Н.Н. Меньшакова (Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет)

Ч-77 Чтение и перевод юридических текстов : хрестоматия / сост. Т.П. Фролова. – Пермь : Изд-во Перм. нац. исслед. по-

литехн. ун-та, 2017. – 158 с. ISBN 978-5-398-01879-0

В издании даны тексты, предназначенные для перевода литературы с юридической тематикой с английского языка на русский. Основная цель хрестоматии – сформировать навыки перевода, реферирования и извлечения полезной информации из оригинальной юридической литературы.

Предназначено для студентов бакалавриата, обучающихся по направлению 45.03.02 «Лингвистика» (профиль «Перевод и переводоведение»), а также для студентов, аспирантов, специалистов высших учебных заведений, работающих с аутентичными текстами с целью извлечения информации.

УДК 81`25 ББК Ш143.21 – 923.8

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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

В хрестоматии представлены тексты, предназначенные для использования в процессе обучения переводу в высших учебных заведениях. Переводческий анализ и разбор текстов помогут закрепить умения и навыки, необходимые для овладения переводческим мастерством.

Цель издания данной хрестоматии – обеспечение учебными материалами процесс формирования умений перевода аутентичных текстов юридической тематики во взаимодействии с формированием умений иноязычной диалогической речевой деятельности будущих специалистов.

Большое место в хрестоматии отведено всем видам речевой деятельности, а особенно переводу и чтению, так как именно чтение позволяет создавать внешнюю информационную основу, что является необходимым в профессиональной деятельности любого специалиста.

Текстовый материал организован в рамках двух тем, имеющих непосредственное отношение к юридической сфере: «Высшие учебные юридические заведения США и Великобритании» и «Великие деятели в сфере юриспруденции».

Тексты сгруппированы соответственно структурно-темати- ческому планированию и в соответствии с появлением тем и подтем в учебно-методическом пособии «Обучение диалогической речи на английском языке».

Каждую группу текстов объединяет коммуникативно-рече- вая задача в рамках определенной профессионально-ориенти- рованной коммуникативно-речевой ситуации.

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Text 1. The United States Jurisprudence

In the United States jurisprudence normally signifies the philosophy of law. Jurisprudence is the study and philosophy of law. Specialists of jurisprudence, or legal philosophers, expect to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of law, of legal analysis, legal systems and of legal institutions.

Legal philosophy has many characteristics, but three of them are the most common:

Natural law is a school of legal philosophy which considers that there are invariable laws of nature which govern us, which are general to all human societies, and that our institutions should try to equal this natural law.

Analytic jurisprudence is indicate to be an objective study of law in impartial conditions, distinguishing it from natural law, which evaluates legal systems and laws throughout the structure of natural law theory, asks questions like, "What is law?" "What are the criteria for legal validity?" or "What is the relationship between law and morality?" and other such questions that legal philosophers may compromise.

Normative jurisprudence looks at the intention of legal systems, and which sorts of laws are adequate, asks what law ought to be. It overlaps with moral and political philosophy, and contains questions of whether one ought to follow the law, on what grounds law-breakers might correctly be punished, the correct uses and limits of regulation, how judges ought to decide cases.

The theory of jurisprudence has been around for fairly a long time. Both the Ancient Greeks and Romans believed the philosophy of law, and earlier societies possibly did as well. The word itself is resulting from a Latin phrase, jurisprudentia, significance “the study, knowledge, or science of law.” As long as humans have had laws governing their activities, philosophers and commentators have been meditation about these laws and considering how they fit in with the societies which they are presumed to codify and protect.

Since law can frequently be slippery and incomprehensible, it may come as no revelation to learn that jurisprudence is exceptionally compli-

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cated and sometimes very confusing. Many of the world's most famous specialists and philosophers have at least dabbled in jurisprudence, elaborating dense tomes, complex arguments, and complicated expression. The study of jurisprudence is also essential for a good lawyer, because it guarantees that he or she deeply understands the law and the philosophical approaches which have been implicated in its conception.

Studying law does not automatically make someone a lawyer, even though it is a significant element of a legal education. For judges and other people who must infer, defend, or refuse the law, jurisprudence is a very important field of study, along with more general studies of history, society, and philosophy. Since laws are such an important emphasizing of society, jurisprudence can also offer important information about a nation and its people.

Modern jurisprudence and philosophy of law is influenced today principally by Western academics. The concepts of the Western legal tradition have become so enveloping all over the world that it is persuasive to see them as universal. Traditionally, however, many philosophers from other civilization have discussed the same questions, from Islamic scholars to the ancient Greeks.

Text 2. Law Schools in United States

Law can be a very rewarding careers of course it requires lots of dedication and effort, most cities in United States have accredited law schools, all of them have as its main objective to train specialists in the different law fields. We have listed these schools ordered by state

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Text 3. Trinity International University

(Trinity Law School)

Trinity Law School, located in Santa Ana, California, offers a four-year juris doctoral program with classes available during both day and evening, enabling students to work full-time as they complete their law degree. Graduates may sit for the Bar examination of the California State Bar. The program is also available as a joint degree with either the Master of Arts in Communication and Culture or the Master of Arts in Bioethics offered by Trinity Graduate School. Courses in the communication and culture and bioethics programs are offered at the Santa Ana site--the minimal residency requirement at Deerfield may be fulfilled during a summer visit.

The Trinity Law Library includes the primary sources of Federal and California law, as well as a broad range of important secondary

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resources including texts, treatises, and periodicals. The library includes an international human rights collection totaling in excess of 3,000 volumes and periodicals.

While Trinity law students experience all the academic rigors and intellectual challenges found at most traditional law schools, they also have the opportunity to study in an atmosphere of cooperation and encouragement that fosters academic success.

Trinity students study law among an ethnically diverse student body in one of the most diverse centers in the world - California - an ideal place to study, work, and live. Trinity's campus is in the midst of Orange County, just minutes away from such attractions as Disneyland, Knott's Berry Farm, Edison Stadium (home of the Anaheim Angels baseball team), the Richard Nixon Library, and the Performing Arts Center.

Text 4. Trinity Law School Mission Statement

The purpose of Trinity Law School is to provide an exceptional legal education in the historic, biblicalJudeo-Christian tradition.

The school seeks to prepare qualified students to practice as attorneys, to use legal skills in othersettings, and to engage and impact the culture. Trinity Law School offers a rich, scholarly academicexperience, as well as an opportunity and encouragement for spiritual growth. Students at Trinity LawSchool are challenged to the highest standards of faith, integrity and professionalism.

To accomplish its mission, Trinity Law School has committed itself to the attainment of the following:

To maintain a superior teaching staff that is characterized by academic excellence, scholarship, strongpractical experience, and a Christian worldview which functions in a major role in the institution'sgovernance.

To adhere to clearly defined standards for academic standing, advancement and graduation.

To maintain a library that supports its educational goals and objectives.

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