somananda e-book

The Ubiquitous Śiva

The Ubiquitous Śiva

S O M Ā N A N D A ’ S ŚIVADṚṢṬI A N D H I S TA N T R I C I N T E R L O C U T O R S

John Nemec

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Nemec, John.

The ubiquitous Siva : Somananda’s Sivadrsti and his tantric interlocutors / John Nemec. pages cm. —(AAR religions in translation)

In English and Sanskrit (romanized); includes translations from Sanskrit. Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 978-0-19-979545-1 (hardcover : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-19-979546-8 (pbk. : alk. paper)— ISBN 978-0-19-979554-3 (ebook) 1. Kashmir Saivism—Doctrines. 2. Somananda. Sivadrsti I. Somananda.

Sivadrsti. English. Selections. II. Somananda. Sivadrsti. Sanskrit. Selections. III. Title. IV. Series.

BL1281.1545.N46 2011 294.5′ 2—dc22 2010043392

1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2

Printed in the United States of America

on acid-free paper

P A R T I I The Translation

{ A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S }

The culmination of some eight years of research and writing, the present volume would not have come into being without the support of numerous colleagues, friends, and family. The project began as a Ph.D. dissertation, written while I was a student at the University of Pennsylvania and completed in April 2005; and the first two chapters of the translation and notes found herein appeared in an earlier form in my doctoral thesis. I would like to thank George Cardona, Harunaga Isaacson, and Ludo Rocher, my Ph.D. dissertation advisor, for their guidance both during this phase of the project and beyond. I also owe thanks to four scholars in India with whom I read tantric materials over the years, including Hemendra Nath Chakravarty, Mark Dyczkowski, the late B. N. Pandit, and Debabrata Sen Sharma. Similarly, I thank Jim Benson and Alexis Sanderson for reading grammatical and tantric works with me at Oxford University during the Trinity Term of 2002. Douglas Brooks, Alberta Ferraria, Shaman Hatley, Michael Linderman, and two anonymous reviewers offered constructive criticism of and suggestions for the book manuscript, for which I am grateful. I also thank Louis Dubeau for proofreading the galleys and the Teaching Resource Center at the University of Virginia for supporting this work with a research grant.

A number of friends, family members, and colleagues offered encouragement, advice, or just plain old good conversation along the way, including Jonah Arcade, Marie and Ronnie Banerjee, Reena and Amar Bhaduri, Loriliai Biernacki, Tom Carlson, Don Davis, Tim and Jen Dobe, Georges Dreyfus, Nancy Farriss, Surendra Gambhir, Marcy Goldstein, Robert Goodding, Emil Homerin, Mark Juergensmeyer, Raj Krishna Murthy, Gerry Larson, Steven Lindquist, Bill Mahoney, James McHugh, Michael Meister, Mike and Amy Miller, Dominick Mis, Paul Muller-Ortega, Liam Murphy, David Nelson, Andrew Nicholson, Deven Patel, Luis Pillich, Ellen Posman, Rosane Rocher, Bob Roth, Jeff Roth, Tamara Sears, Nicolas Sihle, Fred Smith, Travis Smith, Sean Taffler, Louise Tillin, Sthaneshwar Timalsina, David Vander Meulen, Somdev Vasudeva, my two brothers, Joe and Mike, and my parents. Dominic Goodall shared unpublished materials related to the Śaiva Siddhānta, for which I am grateful. And Somdev Vasudeva deserves special thanks for helping me to set the manuscript with the latest XeLaTeX software.

In addition, I owe debts of gratitude to the American Institute of Indian Studies, Fulbright (India), the Muktabodha Indological Research Library, and the National Security Education Program, all of which funded research trips to

India that supported this project. I also thank the manuscript libraries and staff members at the Adyar Library, the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Calcutta Sanskrit College, the Niedersächsische Staatsund Universitätsbibliothek in Göttingen, the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, the Raghunath Mandir Library, the Rajasthan Oriental Research Library at Jodhpur, and the manuscript library of Trivandrum University and in particular Shaji for allowing me access to their manuscript collections. I also thank Jessica Silverman for collecting two manuscripts for me in south India on a visit to the subcontinent in the summer of 2006. And B. N. Pandit kindly accompanied me on a visit to the Raghunath Mandir Library in 2003, for which I am grateful.

The University of Virginia, my current academic home, offered me a Sesquicentennial Sabbatical leave in the 2009–2010 academic year, without which this project could not have been completed. I would like in particular to thank Karen Ryan, then the acting dean of the College and Graduate School, for her instrumental help in securing me leave in the fall of 2007. I also wish to express my thanks to various colleagues who are housed in the Religious Studies Department or associated with the Center for South Asian Studies at Virginia, including Valerie Cooper, David Germano, Paul Groner, Kevin Hart, Bob Hueckstedt, Ravindra Khare, Karen Lang, Chuck Mathewes, Ben Ray, Kurtis Schaeffer, and H. L. Seneviratne.

I thank Anne Monius, the editor of the ”Religion in Translation” series, for her support and enthusiasm for this project. No one could ask for a better editor. I also thank Cynthia Read, Charlotte Steinhardt, Amy Whitmer, and Ashley Polikoff at OUP-New York for their unflagging professionalism and consideration in all the various phases of the production of this book. And I am particularly grateful to Ashwin Bohra and the typesetting group at TNQ for the meticulous care with which they typeset this volume.

Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Carmen Lamas, for her sage guidance during the life of this project, and my daughter Alejandra, who would never complain when I left for work and was absent for hours at a time. This book is dedicated to Alejandra, who makes it all worthwhile.