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Книги по МРТ КТ на английском языке / Neurosurgery Fundamentals Agarval 1 ed 2019

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						Contents

10	Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	. . . .	. . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	168. . . . . . . . .
	Robert F Heary, Raghav Gupta, Georgios A Maragkos, Justin M Moore
10. 1 .	Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	168	10..7	Spinal Vascular Disorders. . . . .	. . . . . .	178
10..2	Cervical Spine Degenerative			10..8	Spinal Deformity. . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	180
	Disease.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	168	10. 9 .	Inflammatory
10..3	Degenerative Cervical				Spondyloarthropathies. . . . . . . . .	. . .	184
	Myelopathy .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	168	10..10	Spinal Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	185
10..4 Thoracic Spine Degenerative				10..11	Cauda Equina Syndrome		186
	Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	174	10..11	Cauda Equina Syndrome	. . . . .	186
10..5	Lumbar Back Pain .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	176	10..12	Other Spinal Syndromes . . . . . .	. . . . .	186
10..6	Spinal Neoplasms .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	176	10..13	Top Hits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	187
11	Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	. . . .	. . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . .	194. . . . . . . .
	James Mooney, Charles Munyon
11..1	Pathway Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	194	11..4	Procedures for Pain.. . . . . . . . . . .	. . . .	204
11..2 Major Types of Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		.	197	11..5	Top Hits .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . .	209
11..3	Craniofacial Pain Syndromes . . . . . . .	.	197
12	Cerebrovascular . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. . . .	. . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	216. . . . . . .
	Kamil W Nowicki, Brian L Hoh
12. 1 .	Stroke.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	216	12..4	Vascular Malformations .. . . . . . .	. . . .	234
12..2	Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. . . . . . . .	.	225	12..5	Top Hits .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . .	240
12. 3 .	Aneurysms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	228
13	Neurosurgical Oncology . . . . . . . .	. .	. . . .	. . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	245
	Desmond A Brown, Hirokazu Takami, William Gibson, Abhijeet Singh Barath,
	Michael W Ruff, Terrence C Burns, Ian F Parney
13..1	Lymphomas and Hematopoietic			13. 6 .	Embryonal/PNETs .. . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . .	257
	Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	245	13..7	Tumors of Cranial and Paraspinal
13..2	Mesenchymal Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	246		Nerves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	260
13..3	Neuroepithelial Brain Tumors . . . . . .	.	251	13..8	Sellar Tumors.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . .	261
13..4	Ependymoma and			13..9	Cysts and Tumor-Like
	Subependymoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	256		Lesions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	264
13..5	Pineal Region Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	256	13..10	Top Hits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	264
14	Pediatric Neurosurgery . . . . . . . . .	. .	. . . .	. . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	.268
	Alexandra A Sansosti, Michael M McDowell, Krystal L Tomei
14. 1 .	Examination.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	268	14..4	Pediatric Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	285
14..2	Developmental Anomalies.. . . . . . . .	.	273	14..5	Top Hits .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . .	286
14..3	Pediatric Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	284

Contents

15	Movement Disorders and Epilepsy		. . . . .	. . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	291.
	Pablo A Valdes, Garth Rees Cosgrove
15..1	Movement Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	291	15..3	Top Hits .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	310
15. 2 .	Epilepsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	300
16	Stereotactic Radiosurgery . . . . . . .	. .	. . . .	. . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	315
	Rachel Jacobs, Daniel Tonetti, L Dade Lunsford
16. 1 .	Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	315	16..9	Treatment Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	325
16..2	Radiation Background . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	315	16..10	Clinical Outcomes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. 327
16..3	Types of Radiation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	315	16..11	Radiation-Induced Changes.. . . . . . .	.	327
16..4	Main SRS Modalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	316	16. 12.	Vasculopathy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	327
16. 5 .	Dosing .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	317	16..13	Cranial Nerve Deficits. . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	327
16..6	Occupational Exposure.. . . . . . . . . . . .		318	16..14	Radiation-Induced Tumors.. . . . . . . .	.	327
16..7	Adverse Reactions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	318	16..15	Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	327
16. 8 .	Indications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	319	16..16	Top Hits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	328
17	Neurological Infectious Diseases .	. .	. . . . .	. . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	332
	Divyansh Agarwal, Harvey Rubin, Ali Naji
17. 1 .	Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	332	17..7	Postsurgical Infections. . . . . . . . . . . .	.	337
17..2	Microbiological Diagnosis.........	.	332	17..8	Additional Neurological
17..3 Flavivirus-Mediated Neurological					Infections .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..	..	338
17..3 Flavivirus-Mediated Neurological
	Disease.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	332	17..9	Empiric Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	341
17..4	Meningococcal Disease...........	.	334	17..10	Big Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	342
17. 5 .	Neurocysticercosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	335	17..11	Top Hits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	343
17..6	Primary Amoebic
	Meningoencephalitis.. ... .... ... .	.	336
18	Interdisciplinary Care . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. . . . .	. . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	349
	Logan Pyle, Joshua Smith, Jeffrey Esper
18. 1 .	Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	349	18. 4 .	Neurotology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	367
18. 2 .	Neuroanesthesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	359	18..5	Top Hits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	370
18. 3 .	Neuro-Ophthalmology. . . . . . . . . . .	.	362
19	Socioeconomics in Neurosurgery .	. .	. . . . .	. . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	374
	Catherine Miller, Deborah L Benzil, Ann R Stroink
19. 1 .	Training........................	.	374	19..4	Personal Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	378
19..2	Patient Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	375	19..5	Job Satisfaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	379
19..3	Medical Economics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	376

Contents

20 Advice from the Masters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Michael D White, Michael P D’Angelo, Ahmed Kashkoush, Edward A Monaco III

20. 1 .	Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. 380	20. 5 .	Journals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	388
20..2	Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. 380	20. 6 .	Leadership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	390
20. 3 .	Conferences.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. 384	20..7	Board Review.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	390
20..4	Grants and Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. 386	20..8	The Masters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.	392
	Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . .	. . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	396. . . . . . . . .

Foreword

When Nitin Agarwal asked me to write this foreword, I was happy to learn that he put together his experiences, reflections, and advice in this Neurosurgery Fundamentals. The process of collecting important bits of knowledge and insight is so critical and I am happy to see a young writer already making his contributions. I know from my own writings that brevity is essential to be relevant for medical students and residents, and this handbook distills the basics of history, neurological examination, anatomy, radiology, and the operating room. This handbook also summarizes key concepts in trauma, vascular, tumor, spine, functional, and pediatric neurosurgery, which are the clinical problems most likely to be encountered in patients in the early stages of the aspiring neurosurgeon’s career or when on call in the middle of the night. The accompanying figures and illustrations are well done and complement the text. I particularly enjoyed the roadmaps to academic careers and the advice from masters. Getting leaders in our specialty to share their insights on

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succeeding in neurosurgery is invaluable and rarely done, and this book captures the advice of key leaders. I congratulate the editors and authors of this handbook. I expect that it will soon become a classic for aspiring neurosurgeons who want to get off on the right foot, and that we will be seeing this handbook in the coat pockets of many neurosurgical subinterns and residents on the wards.

Michael T. Lawton, MD

Professor of Neurosurgery

President and Chief Executive Officer

Barrow Neurological Institute;

Chairman

Department of Neurosurgery

Chief of Vascular and Skull Base

Neurosurgery Programs

Robert F. Spetzler Endowed Chair

in Neurosciences

St. Joseph′s Hospital and Medical Center;

Phoenix, Arizona

Preface

Neurological surgery is a complex and highly selective specialty. As such, excellent texts are available to educate medical students, advanced practice providers, and residents engaged in the field. Given the magnitude of neurosurgical information to absorb, many of the existing references may be overwhelming. Neurosurgery Fundamentals offers a portable reference for neurosurgical providers in training to quickly digest the essentials of neurosurgical care. Its content enables quick preparation for medical student sub-internships or neurosurgical residency. Chapters include questions to aid retention of knowledge. The text also features

a roadmap for matching into residency as well as advice from prominent academic neurosurgeons. Lastly, this handbook features a comprehensive collection of resources including textbooks, electronic resources, conferences, grants and awards, select peerreviewed journals, organized neurosurgical membership, and board review references. High yield resources are highlighted to help in reader identification. Overall, this text is a unique and succinct guide for any aspiring neurosurgical provider.

Nitin Agarwal, MD

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Acknowledgements

I would like to say thanks to all my colleagues who contributed to this handbook to augment the training of future neurosurgical providers. I am very grateful to all the Thieme editors, especially Timothy Y. Hiscock, Gaurav Prabhuzantye, and Sarah

xiv

E. Landis, for guiding me through this opportunity to enhance medical student, advanced practice provider, and resident education in Neurological Surgery.

Contributors

Divyansh Agarwal, MS	Joao T Alves Belo, MD
Perelman School of Medicine	Research Fellow
University of Pennsylvania	Department of Neurosurgery
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
Prateek Agarwal, AB	Attending Neurosurgeon
Perelman School of Medicine	Hospital Felício Rocho
University of Pennsylvania	Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
	Deborah L Benzil, MD, FAANS, FACS
Hanna Algattas, MD	Vice Chair
Resident	Department of Neurosurgery
Department of Neurosurgery	Cleveland Clinic
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center	Cleveland, Ohio
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
	Desmond A Brown, MD, PhD
Edward G Andrews, MD	Neurosurgery Resident
Resident	Enfolded Fellow, Neurosurgical
Department of Neurosurgery	Oncology
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center	Mayo Clinic
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Rochester, Minnesota
Kofi-Buaku Atsina, MD	Terrence C Burns, MD, PhD
Resident	Senior Associate Consultant
Department of Radiology	Department of Neurosurgery
Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals	Mayo Clinic
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Rochester, Minnesota
Abhijeet Singh Barath, MBBS	David T Fernandes Cabral, MD
Resident	Resident
Department of Trauma and Emergency	Department of Neurosurgery
Medicine	University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
All India Institute of Medical Sciences	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Jodhpur, India

Contributors

Garth Rees Cosgrove, MD, FRCS(C)		Department of Radiology
Director of Epilepsy and Functional		Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals
	Neurosurgery	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Harvard Medical School		Robert M Friedlander, MD, MA
Boston, Massachusetts		Chairman and Professor
		Walter E Dandy Chair
Mougnyan Cox, MD		Head of Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery
Neuroradiology Fellow		University of Pittsburgh School of
Department of Radiology		Medicine
Hospital of the University of		Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
	Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania		William Gibson, MD, PhD
		Resident
Michael P D’Angelo, BS		Department of Neurosurgery
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine		Mayo Clinic
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania		Rochester, Minnesota
Jeffrey Esper, DO, MHSA, MS (Med Ed),		M Sean Grady, MD
	FACN, FAANEM	Charles Harrison Frazier Professor of
Residency Program Director		Neurosurgery
Department of Neurology		Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery
UPMC Hamot		Perelman School of Medicine
Erie, Pennsylvania		University of Pennsylvania
		Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Juan C Fernandez-Miranda, MD
Professor of Neurosurgery and (By		Raghav Gupta, BS
	Courtesy) of Otolaryngology—Head	Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
	and Neck Surgery	Newark, New Jersey
Stanford University Medical Center
Stanford, California		David R Hansberry, MD, PhD
		Resident
Adam E Flanders, MD		Department of Radiology
Professor of Radiology and Rehabilitation		Thomas Jefferson University
	Medicine	Hospitals
Co-division Director, Neuroradiology		Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Vice-chair Imaging Informatics

xvi

	Contributors

Robert F Heary, MD, FAANS	Director, Neurosurgery Residency Program
Professor	Chair, Technology and Innovative Practice
Department of Neurological Surgery	Committee
Director	University of Pittsburgh
Center for Spine Surgery and	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Mobility
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School	Georgios A Maragkos, MD
Newark, New Jersey	Postdoctoral Research Fellow
	Neurosurgery Service
Brian L Hoh, MD, FACS, FAANS	Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
James and Brigitte Marino Family	Harvard Medical School
Professor and Chair	Boston, Massachusetts
Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery
University of Florida	Christine Mau, MD
Gainesville, Florida	Neurosurgery Resident
	Department of Neurosurgery
Rachel Jacobs, BS	Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey
University of Pittsburgh School of	Medical Center
Medicine	Hershey, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
	Michael M McDowell, MD
Ahmed Kashkoush, BS	Resident
University of Pittsburgh School of	Department of Neurosurgery
Medicine	University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Kristopher Kimmell, MD	Catherine Miller, MD
Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor	Assistant Professor
Department of Neurosurgery	Department of Neurosurgery
University of Rochester Medical Center	University of California, San Francisco
Rochester, New York	San Francisco, California
L Dade Lunsford, MD, FACS	Edward A Monaco III, MD, PhD
Lars Leksell Distinguished Professor	Assistant Professor
Department of Neurosurgery	Department of Neurological Surgery
Director, Center for Image Guided	University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Neurosurgery	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
	xvii

Contributors

James Mooney, MD	Sandip S Panesar, MD, MSc
Neurosurgery Resident	Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Department of Neurosurgery	Department of Neurosurgery
University of Alabama at Birmingham	Stanford University
Birmingham, Alabama	Stanford, California

Justin M Moore, MD, PhD	Ian F Parney, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor	Professor and Vice-Chair (Research)
Department of Neurosurgery	Department of Neurosurgery
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center	Consultant
Harvard Medical School;	Department of Immunology
Department of Neurosurgery	Mayo Clinic
Boston Medical Center	Rochester, Minnesota
Boston University
Boston, Massachusetts	Logan Pyle, DO
	Resident
Charles Munyon, MD	Department of Neurology
Director, Functional and Restorative	UPMC Hamot
Neurosurgery	Erie, Pennsylvania
Lewis Katz School of Medicine at
Temple University	Harvey Rubin, MD, PhD
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Professor
	Department of Medicine
Ali Naji, MD, PhD	University of Pennsylvania
Professor	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Department of Surgery
University of Pennsylvania	Michael W Ruff, MD
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Senior Associate Consultant
	Department of Neurology
Kamil W Nowicki, MD, PhD	Department of Medical Oncology
Resident	Mayo Clinic
Department of Neurosurgery	Rochester, Minnesota
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Alexandra A Sansosti, BS
	UniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine
	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

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