Дроздова.English Grammar

10. Эта школа далеко от центра города. 11. Нам надо выйти рано, потому что мы пойдем далеко. 12. Вы живете далеко? 13. Его дом очень далеко отсюда. 14. Они вернулись очень поздно, так как они ходили далеко. 15. Мы будем плавать каждый день перед завтраком, так как река недалеко. 16. Поезжайте туда автобусом, так как ближайшая станция метро довольно далеко. 17. Я редко хожу в театр, так как живу очень далеко от города. 18. Библиотека очень близко от нашего дома. 19. Новый магазин близко отсюда.

2.5 ADVERBS OF DEGREE, MEASURE AND QUANTITY

Adverbs of degree, measure and quantity: much (много), little (мало), very (очень), too

(слишком), so (так), rather (довольно), enough (достаточно), quite (совсем), not at all(совсем не), hardly/scarcely(едва), nearly/almost(почти), somewhat(несколько, до некоторой степени), much/far/by far(намного, гораздо, значительно), etc.

NOTES:

much in questions and negative sentences □ Has he read much?

We often use extremely, awfully, terribly, really, pretty for special emphasis of “very"

□I’m extremely sleepy.

□It’s awfully/terribly expensive.

□The girl is pretty smart.

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TWO MEANINGS OF "TOO'

Too changes its meaning according to position:

□The coffee is too hot to drink, (слишком)

□The croissant is freshly-made and the coffee is hot, too. (также)

We use too at the end of an affirmative sentence to mean “also”:

□Billy can already read and he can write, too. Inthe negative, we must use either in place of too:

□Billy can’t write yet and he can’t read either.

We use also and as well like too (также) in affirmative sentences. We replace them by either in negative sentences.

As well goes at the end of a clause or sentence:

□I bought this bag and I bought these shoes to go with it, as well. Also normally comes:

-after to be/have/can:

□Susan is an engineer, but she is also a mother.

-after first auxiliary:

□I should have collected the letters and I should also have posted them.

-before the main verb:

□I play volleyball and I also play tennis.

hardly/scarcely +any/ever

□There were hardly/scarcely/any people in the street. (На улице почти не было людей.)

□I hardly/scarcely/ever see him.

(Я почти никогда не вижу его.) nearly/almost

□It is nearly/almost/5 o’clock. (Сейчас почти 5 часов.)

□I’ve nearly/almost/finished mywork. (Я почти окончил свою работу.)

quite + adjective/adverb

□The film is quite good.

□The play is quite awful.

fairly +adjective/adverb (less complimentary than quite)

rather (stronger than quite and fairly)

□I am afraid Jane’s health is rather poor.

□Your words have been rather unpleasant.

□The ice-cream is rather good.

Quite goes in front of “absolute” adjectives [dead, full, empty) and “strong” adjectives (amazing, wonderful)meaning “совершенно/абсолютно”:

□The man is quite dead.

□The bucket is quite full.

□The book is quite wonderful.

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EXERCISES

Ex. 9. (A, B) Supply very, too or very much in these sentences. Two answers may be possible.

1.I hear they are very happy.

2.I can’t go_____ faster than I’m going.

3.Slow down. You’re walking_____ fast for me.

4.She didn’t think my answer was______ clever.

5.I can’t afford it. It’s _____ expensive.

6.If you hope to win him for yourself, you are_____ mistaken.

7.Our firm is________ interested in this project.

8.I didn’t enjoy the film_____ .

9.Why didn’t you come? We needed you____ .

10.I trusted you from the_____ beginning.

11.He has been_____ talked about recently.

12.He is_____ handsome for his own good.

13.I don’t like your idea_____ .

14.My new car is_____ faster than the old one.

15.We were_____ early, but they werealready waiting for us.

17.We have _ ____missed you.

18.You have been working______ much lately.

19.I’ve been_____ alone lately.

20.He hasn’t done__________ much work here.

Ex. 10. (A, B) Complete these responses using very, too, verymuch and too much.

1.How did you enjoy your stay in England? - 1enjoyed it verymuch.

2.So you didn’t marry Steve in the end! - No, he is________stupid.

3.Will you buy this dress? - No, it costs________.

4.Is that lobster alive? - Yes, it’s ________alive!

5.Was it heavy? - Yes,______________________________ !

6.Are you glad? - Yes,______________________________ !

7.Did you spend a lot of time on it? - Yes,________!

8.I don’t like autumn here. - Neither do I.There’s ________ rain.

9.Why aren’t you buying that coat? - It’s _______ short for me.

10.Their house is very big! - Yes, but not________big!

11.Are the children still awake? - Yes, they’re________awake!

12.How is the business going? - Not________ well, I’m afraid.

Ex. 11. (В, C) Use suitable adverbs in place of very.

1.This film is awfu/Zydull.

2.I’mconfused by the new regulations.

3.I’m_____________ disappointed in the work.

4.We are_________interested in your proposal.

5.That comedy wasn’t ___________________________ funny.

6.I was___________ awake all night.

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7.I was_________ surprised by her answer.

8.That task is____________________ difficult!

9.I’m____________ annoyed about this.

10.Your success has been________deserved.

11.She was___________hurt by your words!

12.Your friend works_________slowly.

13.I was_______________ bored to play.

14.We were all_________alarmed by your words.

15.I’m________sorry about this.

16.Your advice has been________helpful.

17.What you did was________dangerous.

18.You didn’t wake me. I was________asleep.

19.Itwas_________cold in the morning.

20.You think you’re________ clever.

21.He was_________ hurt in the accident.

22.This computer is __________fast.

23.They were________nice to me.

24.You must be________attentive and careful on that part of the road.

Ex. 12. (В, C) CONTEXT. Translate the words in brackets.

Justly Punished.

There were 1(слишком много людей) on the bus for comfort and passengers were standing in the aisle. A young woman carrying a baby was 2 (очень благодарна) when an old man offered her his seat. The baby was 3 (крепко спал) and she could now rest him on her lap. She thanked the old man 4 (очень) and was just going to sit down when a rude young man sat in the empty seat. Everyone was 5 (ужасно смущен), and the young mother was £ (слишком удивлена) to say anything. All the passengers 7 (очень не одобряли) of the man’s action. They were 8 (страшно сердиты) with him, but he paid no attention. 9 (гораздо позже), the rude man wanted to get off the bus and tried to push past the passengers. They all 10 (стали близко друг кдругу) and wouldn’t let him move. He was made to stay on the bus till it reached its terminus, a punishment he 11 (справедливо заслужил).

Ex. 13. (A, B) Use too in your sentences and say what meaning it has in each sentence.

1.You can’t swim in this lake, (cold) - It’s too cold.

2.Ladoaa Lake is very deep and it is also cold. - And it’s cold, too .

3.I invited Paul and I also invited Marqaret.

4.We won’t go to the wood, (far)

5.We didn’t stay in that hotel, (expensive)

6.We didn’t stay inthat hotel. Itwas rather old and also expensive.

Ex. 14. (A, B) Add too or either.

1.I like opera and I like ballet too.

2.I know Jason and I know his sister,

3.I don’t smoke and I don’t drink alcohol.

4.He runs a restaurant and a hotel.

5.I can’t play the piano and I can’t sina.

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6.Don’t tell mother and don’t tell Greg,

7.I don’t know and I don’t care,

8.He can do it and he can do it well,

Ex. 15. (В, C) Write sentences to show how you interpret these statements.

1.Onlv I saw him there. / saw him there, but no one else did.

2.I onlv saw Pollv there.

3.I read his novels onlv.

4.I’ve just understood his lecture.

5.I understood iust his lecture.

6.I understood his lecture - iust!

Ex. 16. (В, C) Show where also goes in these sentences.

1.She can read and she can write. - She can read and she can also write.

2.I have had a rest and I’ve had a shower.

3.She can knit and she can sew.

4.He has brouaht a lot of books and he has brouaht some records.

5.You should have phoned and vou should have written.

6.I have to write a letter and I have to do some exercises.

7.I’d like a cup of coffee and I’d like some sandwiches, please.

8.He owns this hotel and he owns a chain of shops in the citv.

9.We sell our products in the home market but we export a lot.

10.I won’t let vou watch TV now because the film is stupid and it’s too late.

Ex. 17. (В, C) CONTEXT. Translate the words in brackets, paying special attention to the italicized words.

A Safe Place.

My aunt Millie always said she had some jewels which she would leave to me, butwhen she died she didn’t leave any money and she 1(не оставила мне также идрагоценностей). 2 (даже моя мама) was surprised.

“I know she had some rings and 3 (а также замечательные бусы). 4 (Я видела их только однажды), but perhaps she sold them.”

My mother and I looked 5 [везде, повсюду): we looked in the bedrooms, in the bathroom, in the attic, but we found nothing.

6 “(Милли была так осторожна) and was afraid of burglars,” Mother said, “but I don’t think she hid herjewels somewhere.”

“Let’s go home, and we’d better take all the food in the deep freeze.” On Sunday, Mother said to me, “I’m going to cook this lovely goose which was in your aunt Millie’s deep freeze. 7 (Я также подготовлю начинку) and you can stuff the goose.”

Five minutes later I screamed with surprise: the goose was full of jewels and 8 (здесь были также золотые монеты).

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Ex. 18. (В, С) Answerthese questions in full with quite, and saywhetherquite means“less than” or “completely”.

1.What was the plav like? (good) - The plav was quite good, (less than)

2.Howwas the trip? (amazing)_________________________________________

3.What’s Pam like? (wonderful)_________________________________________

4.Howwas the film? (awful)___________________________________________

5.Howwas your holiday? (enjoy) _______________________________________

6.How did you like his poem? (like)_____________________________________

Ex. 19. (В, C) Add quite and rather to each sentence, where possible.

Say if they mean “inclined to (be)”, “less than” or “completely”.

1.I’m afraid Jane’s health is quite/rather poor. (“completely”/ ’’inclined to be”)

2.Don’t worry! Your son is__________ all right!___________________________

3.Your work has been____________unsatisfactory._______________________

4.I’mafraid an appointment tomorrow is________ impossible.________________

5.Last night’s documentary was___________ interesting. ___________________

Ex. 20. (В, C) Add quite and fairly. Mark as “complimentary”, “less complimentary” or “completely”.

1.He draws quite/fairlvweW. (“complimentary"'/“less complimentary”)

2.The party is _________ spoilt.______________________________________

3.I feel___________ well.___________________________________________

4.She’s ___________ clever._________________________________________

5.I think the old man__________ mad._________________________________

6.This is_____________incredible!____________________________________

Ex. 21. (В, C) Add much, any, far or a lot and give alternatives where possible.

1.I’mnot much/anv good at solving riddles.

2.You’re______more beautiful than she.

3.This is______ more expensive.

4.This is by____ ^the best way to do it.

6.These two recordings aren’t _____ different.

7.I don’t______ like horror films.

8.I_____ prefer swimming to running.

9.This machine isn’t_____ used.

10.You look_____ healthier than when I last saw you.

Ex. 22. (C)CONTEXT. Translate the words in brackets using any, many, much, rather, fairly, quite, etc.

Can We Go Home, Please?

It was 1 (довольно поздно). The restaurant clock showed 1.30 a.m. The waiters were feeling 2 (очень усталыми) and were beginning to yawn. There was one 3 (довольно пожилая пара) left. They had clearly had 4 (довольно хорошо поели). Now they were

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looking at each other across the table and were 5 (совершенно не замечали) of the world around them. The waiters wanted to go home. One of them asked the couple if theywanted 6 (еше поесть или выпить). Не didn’t get an answer. It clearly 7 (не было никакого смысла) asking questions! One of the waiters had 8 (довольно хорошую идею). He began stacking chairs upside-down onto the tables. The others joined in. Another waiter turned off the lights. Inthe end, the restaurant was 9 (совершенно темный). The chairs were stacked on the tables round the couple who just sat and sat and sat!

Ex. 23. (В, C) Translate into English.

I

1. Он мало спит. 2. Он мало отдыхает. 3. Она много путешествует. 4. Он много работает над английским языком? 5. Они мало работают. 6. Она много ест. 7. Он много читает.

II

1.Этот дом совсем старый. 2. Он совсем не старый. 3. Это пальто совсем новое.

4.Его шляпа не совсем новая. 5. Наш дом совсем готов. 6. Моя работа не совсем готова. 7. Мы совсем не готовы. 8. Уже совсем светло. 9. Сегодня не совсем тепло.

10.Сегодня совсем не холодно. 11. Я вполне понимаю вас. 12. Я не совсем понимаю вас. 13. Я совсем не понимаю вас. 14. Я совсем не устал. 15. Его новый роман совсем неинтересный.

III

1. В его работе почти нет ошибок. 2. В этой книге почти нет иллюстраций. 3. В этой библиотеке почти нет английских книг. 4. Они почти ничего не рассказывали нам об этом. 5. Он почти никогда не читает книги. 6. Почти никто не знает об этом. 7. На небе почти нет облаков. 8. В поезде почти не было пассажиров. 9. У нас почти не осталось хлеба. 10. В бутылке почти нет молока. 11. Мы почти ничего не видели, так было темно. 12. Я почти ни с кем не разговаривал вчера. 13. Он почти ничего не писал по этому вопросу. 14. Его почти никогда нет дома по вечерам. 15. Мы почти никогда не ездим туда теперь. 16. Он в последнее время почти не получал писем от своего брата. 17. Я так устал, что почти ничего не мог съесть. 18. В этом городе почти нет зелени.

2.6 VIEWPOINT ADVERBS

Viewpoint adverbs: obviously/evidently (очевидно), probably (вероятно), possibly

(возможно), indeed (действительно), certainly(конечно, несомненно), perhaps, may be (может быть), apparently (по-видимому), decisively (решительно), undoubtedly (несомненно), practically (практически, фактически), naturally (естественно, разумеется), fortunately(ксчастью), unfortunately(кнесчастью), mainly/chiefly/mostly

(главным образом), etc.

□Perhaps he’ll be here at 9 o’clock tomorrow.

□I was indeed very glad to hear the news.

□He will probably finish his work tonight.

□He evidently worked hard.

□Unfortunately, he came to the station too late and missed the train.

□Naturally, he got very angry with them.

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We may express our “viewpoint” in speech or inwriting using adverbs like these:

- (= I’msure): clearly, definitely, honestly, naturally, obviously, really, strictlyspeaking;

EXERCISE ________

Ex. 24. (В, C) Match the columns A and B.

CONNECTING ADVERBS

We can connect ideas in speech or writing using adverbs like these:

-(= I’madding something): inaddition, again, apart from this, besides, moreover;

-(= I’mcomparing/contrasting): as compared to, equally, however, in reality;

-(= I’msummarizing): all in all, andso on, essentially, in brief, in conclusion, in effect.

EXERCISES______________ _______________ ____________________

Ex. 26. (В, C) CONTEXT. Give afree translation of the article using according to, agreeably, however, inbrief, moreover, probablyinstead ofthe italicizedwords.

He просите комнату с видом из окна.

Цены на землю в Токио так высоки, что она стоит, вероятно, больше, чем вся Калифорния. Нигде во всем мире нет такого спроса на землю. Согласно одной из газет, недостаток земли привел к созданию отелей-кабин. Комнаты представляют

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собой кабины размером один метр в высоту, 76 сантиметров в ширину и два метра в глубину. Однако, вы будете приятно удивлены, узнав, что кабины оборудованы телефоном, радио и телевизором. Более того, они гораздо дешевле, чем обычные отели. Короче говоря, они обеспечивают вас всем, что необходимо, чтобы с комфортом провести ночь. Но не просите комнату с хорошим видом из окна.

3. REVISION

Ex. 1. (A) Put the adverbs in a correct place in the sentence (consult the rules):

1. He could walk (with difficulty). 2. He speaks English (very well). 3. He comes to help them in the garden (often). 4. He doesn’t understand (still). 5. They met at the station (always). 6. You must do such a thing (never, again). 7. Do they come to see you (ever)? 8. Consider the matter before you examine the details (generally). 9. He agreed with me (heartily). 10. Please, cross the road (carefully). 11. They were acting that night (brilliantly). 12. The children ran into the room (noisily). 13.1did the work (well). 14. The wind blew all afternoon (violently). 15. The little boy behaved (courageously). 16. He agreed to our proposals (willingly). 17. They ran to the far end of the garden (rapidly). 18.1think of this problem (often). 19. She tells me funny stories (sometimes). 20. He has been admired by everybody (greatly).

Ex. 2. (B) Put the adverbs in a correct place in the sentence.

1. He is the first to answer (always). 2. She is mistaken (never). 3. Have you seen him (ever)? 4. Have you seen him (yet)? 5. The teacher has not come (yet). 6 .1phone to him (often) , but he phones me back (seldom). 7. The fire was extinguished (quickly). 8 .1am grateful to you for your help (deeply). 9.1shall be glad to help you (always). 10. He questioned us about it (impatiently). 11. I’ve tried to understand you (always). 12. I have heard of it (often). 13. He gets up before noon (never). 14. It has been done (before, often). 15. Itwas late in the day, and the sun had disappeared (almost). 16. They have left (already). 17.1do not think he has played (ever, before, so badly). 18.1shall see him (never, again). 19. Have you been (lately, there). 20. They are late (always). 21. The sun is shining (today, brightly). 22. He was able to sleep that night (hardly). 23. He has been invited there (never). 24.1had to ask him twice (never). 25. You ought to get off the tram when it is moving (never). 26. We used to go to the seaside in summer (always). 27. You can expect him to do it (hardly). 28. She forgot about it (quite). 29. He broke the windowwith his ball (nearly). 30. Itrains here in autumn (scarcely). 31.1 get letters from him (sometimes). 32. They will arrive (tomorrow, here). 33.1have money to buythe radio set (enough). 34. Itis easy to understand (enough).

Ex. 3. (B) Translate into Russian. State whether the words in italic type are adjectives or adverbs.

1.a) It has cost me a pretty penny.

b)They found themselves in apretty embarrassing situation.

2.a) I watched the fighters at close quarters,

b)He kept close to the shade of the forest.

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3.a) The patient breathed hard.

b)He was a hard patient to cure; he wouldn’t obey the doctor’s orders.

4.a) I’msure he’ll do it worse than you.

b)To make things still worse, they had missed the last train.

5.a) This is the right way to do it.

b)She lives right around the corner.

6.a) Go straight, then turn left.

b)He always says his jokes with a perfectly straight face.

7.a) He was too long in doing it.

b)Ittook him long to do it.

8.a) I don’t like fast food restaurants.

b)When I came back he was fast asleep.

9.a) The sportsman dived deep and emerged at the other end of the pool,

b)They had to dig a well some hundred metres deep to get to the water.

10.a) You look quite ill.

b)She often speaks ill of her colleagues.

11.a) Itwas still early morning when he returned,

b)We returned very early.

12.What must be done, must be done well.

Ex. 4. (C) Translate into English.

1. Я где-то читал об этом. 2. Вы куда-нибудь ходили вчера вечером? 3. Я никуда не посылал его вчера. 4. Куда вы пойдете сегодня вечером? - Никуда. 5. Я никогда не смотрю футбол по телевизору. 6. Я с ним однажды говорил об этом. 7. Секретарь уже пришел? 8. Как, вы уже закончили печатать письма? 9. Уже совсем светло. 10. Он заходил ко мне в субботу, и я не видел его с тех пор. 11. Он достаточно умен, чтобы понять это. 12. Он знает английский язык достаточно хорошо, чтобы говорить на любую тему. 13. Он почти кончил свою работу. 14. В кувшине почти нет воды. 15.

Яедва понимал его. 16. Я почти никуда не хожу по вечерам. 17. Он был очень разочарован, увидев, что ее там не было. 18. Вы знаете, как она любит животных.

19.Я был так удивлен, что не знал, что сказать. 20. Он работает очень упорно. 21. Вы много работаете над английским языком? 22. Я тоже ничего не слыхал об этом.

23.Вы тоже смотрели этот фильм? 24. Кто еще будет принимать участие в этой работе? 25. Он еще спит. 26. Он еще не вернулся. 27. Он говорит очень медленно.

28.Они хорошо сделали эту работу. 29. Она обычно начинает работу в 11 часов утра. 30. Я совсем забыл этот рассказ. 31. В прошлом году мне приходилось всегда вставать очень рано. 32. Я за последнее время прочел несколько очень интересных книг. 33. Я здесь раньше никогда не была. 34. Сейчас слишком поздно туда идти. 35. Вы должны идти туда немедленно, иначе вы опоздаете. 36. Я устал; все же я должен пойти туда сегодня вечером. 37. Этот рассказ слишком труден для него; кроме того, он не очень интересный. 38. Наденьте пальто, а то вы простудитесь. 39.

Ячуть не сказал ему об этом. 40. Она пишет мне гораздо чаще, чем вы. 41. Уже совсем темно. 42. Еще не совсем темно. 43. Еще совсем не темно. 44. Мы редко видимся, потому что живем далеко друг от друга. 45. Мы вернемся рано, так как мы не пойдем далеко. 46. Библиотека далеко? - Да, она довольно далеко, мы поедем на метро. 47. Он недавно подарил мне очень интересную книгу. 48. Я уже давно знаю об этом. 49. Они живут здесь недавно. 50. Они давно уехали в Сибирь. 51. Вы давно здесь? 52. Я разговаривал с ними недолго.

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